132 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
132 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
# PyO3
|
|
|
|
[](https://travis-ci.org/PyO3/pyo3)
|
|
[](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/fafhrd91/pyo3)
|
|
[](https://codecov.io/gh/PyO3/pyo3)
|
|
[](https://crates.io/crates/pyo3)
|
|
[](https://gitter.im/PyO3/Lobby)
|
|
|
|
[Rust](http://www.rust-lang.org/) bindings for [Python](https://www.python.org/). This includes running and interacting with Python code from a Rust binary, as well as writing native Python modules.
|
|
|
|
* User Guide: [stable](https://pyo3.rs) | [master](https://pyo3.rs/master)
|
|
|
|
* API Documentation: [master](https://pyo3.rs/master/doc)
|
|
|
|
A comparison with rust-cpython can be found [in the guide](https://pyo3.rs/master/rust_cpython.html).
|
|
|
|
## Usage
|
|
|
|
PyO3 supports Python 3.5 and up. The minimum required Rust version is 1.34.0-nightly 2019-02-06.
|
|
|
|
PyPy is also supported (via cpyext) for Python 3.5 only, targeted PyPy version is 7.0.0.
|
|
Please refer to the guide for installation instruction against PyPy.
|
|
|
|
You can either write a native Python module in Rust, or use Python from a Rust binary.
|
|
|
|
However, on some OSs, you need some additional packages. E.g. if you are on *Ubuntu 18.04*, please run
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
sudo apt install python3-dev python-dev
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Using Rust from Python
|
|
|
|
PyO3 can be used to generate a native Python module.
|
|
|
|
**`Cargo.toml`**
|
|
|
|
```toml
|
|
[package]
|
|
name = "string-sum"
|
|
version = "0.1.0"
|
|
edition = "2018"
|
|
|
|
[lib]
|
|
name = "string_sum"
|
|
crate-type = ["cdylib"]
|
|
|
|
[dependencies.pyo3]
|
|
version = "0.7.0"
|
|
features = ["extension-module"]
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
**`src/lib.rs`**
|
|
|
|
```rust
|
|
use pyo3::prelude::*;
|
|
use pyo3::wrap_pyfunction;
|
|
|
|
#[pyfunction]
|
|
/// Formats the sum of two numbers as string
|
|
fn sum_as_string(a: usize, b: usize) -> PyResult<String> {
|
|
Ok((a + b).to_string())
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// This module is a python module implemented in Rust.
|
|
#[pymodule]
|
|
fn string_sum(py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
|
|
m.add_wrapped(wrap_pyfunction!(sum_as_string))?;
|
|
|
|
Ok(())
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
On Windows and Linux, you can build normally with `cargo build --release`. On macOS, you need to set additional linker arguments. One option is to compile with `cargo rustc --release -- -C link-arg=-undefined -C link-arg=dynamic_lookup`, the other is to create a `.cargo/config` with the following content:
|
|
|
|
```toml
|
|
[target.x86_64-apple-darwin]
|
|
rustflags = [
|
|
"-C", "link-arg=-undefined",
|
|
"-C", "link-arg=dynamic_lookup",
|
|
]
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
For developing, you can copy and rename the shared library from the target folder: On MacOS, rename `libstring_sum.dylib` to `string_sum.so`, on Windows `libstring_sum.dll` to `string_sum.pyd` and on Linux `libstring_sum.so` to `string_sum.so`. Then open a Python shell in the same folder and you'll be able to `import string_sum`.
|
|
|
|
To build, test and publish your crate as a Python module, you can use [pyo3-pack](https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3-pack) or [setuptools-rust](https://github.com/PyO3/setuptools-rust). You can find an example for setuptools-rust in [examples/word-count](examples/word-count), while pyo3-pack should work on your crate without any configuration.
|
|
|
|
## Using Python from Rust
|
|
|
|
Add `pyo3` to your `Cargo.toml` like this:
|
|
|
|
```toml
|
|
[dependencies]
|
|
pyo3 = "0.7.0"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Example program displaying the value of `sys.version` and the current user name:
|
|
|
|
```rust
|
|
use pyo3::prelude::*;
|
|
use pyo3::types::IntoPyDict;
|
|
|
|
fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
|
|
let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
|
|
let py = gil.python();
|
|
let sys = py.import("sys")?;
|
|
let version: String = sys.get("version")?.extract()?;
|
|
let locals = [("os", py.import("os")?)].into_py_dict(py);
|
|
let code = "os.getenv('USER') or os.getenv('USERNAME') or 'Unknown'";
|
|
let user: String = py.eval(code, None, Some(&locals))?.extract()?;
|
|
println!("Hello {}, I'm Python {}", user, version);
|
|
Ok(())
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Examples and tooling
|
|
|
|
* [examples/word-count](examples/word-count) _Counting the occurrences of a word in a text file_
|
|
* [hyperjson](https://github.com/mre/hyperjson) _A hyper-fast Python module for reading/writing JSON data using Rust's serde-json_
|
|
* [rust-numpy](https://github.com/rust-numpy/rust-numpy) _Rust binding of NumPy C-API_
|
|
* [html-py-ever](https://github.com/PyO3/setuptools-rust/tree/master/html-py-ever) _Using [html5ever](https://github.com/servo/html5ever) through [kuchiki](https://github.com/kuchiki-rs/kuchiki) to speed up html parsing and css-selecting._
|
|
* [pyo3-built](https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3-built) _Simple macro to expose metadata obtained with the [`built`](https://crates.io/crates/built) crate as a [`PyDict`](https://pyo3.github.io/pyo3/pyo3/struct.PyDict.html)_
|
|
* [point-process](https://github.com/ManifoldFR/point-process-rust/tree/master/pylib) _High level API for pointprocesses as a Python library_
|
|
* [autopy](https://github.com/autopilot-rs/autopy) _A simple, cross-platform GUI automation library for Python and Rust._
|
|
* [orjson](https://github.com/ijl/orjson) _Fast Python JSON library_
|
|
* [inline-python](https://github.com/dronesforwork/inline-python) _Inline Python code directly in your Rust code_
|
|
|
|
## License
|
|
|
|
PyO3 is licensed under the [Apache-2.0 license](http://opensource.org/licenses/APACHE-2.0).
|
|
Python is licensed under the [Python License](https://docs.python.org/2/license.html).
|