120 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
120 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
# PyO3
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[](https://travis-ci.org/PyO3/pyo3) [](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/fafhrd91/pyo3) [](https://codecov.io/gh/PyO3/pyo3) [](https://crates.io/crates/pyo3) [](https://gitter.im/PyO3/Lobby)
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[Rust](http://www.rust-lang.org/) bindings for the [Python](https://www.python.org/) interpreter. This includes running and interacting with python code from a rust binaries as well as writing native python modules.
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* User Guide: [stable](https://pyo3.rs) | [master](https://pyo3.rs/master)
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* [API Documentation](https://docs.rs/crate/pyo3/)
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A comparison with rust-cpython can be found [in the guide](https://pyo3.rs/master/rust-cpython.html).
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## Usage
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Pyo3 supports python 2.7 as well as python 3.5 and up. The minimum required rust version is 1.27.0-nightly 2018-05-01.
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### From a rust binary
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To use `pyo3`, add this to your `Cargo.toml`:
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```toml
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[dependencies]
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pyo3 = "0.3"
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```
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Example program displaying the value of `sys.version`:
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```rust
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#![feature(use_extern_macros, specialization)]
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extern crate pyo3;
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use pyo3::prelude::*;
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fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
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let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
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let py = gil.python();
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let sys = py.import("sys")?;
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let version: String = sys.get("version")?.extract()?;
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let locals = PyDict::new(py);
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locals.set_item("os", py.import("os")?)?;
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let user: String = py.eval("os.getenv('USER') or os.getenv('USERNAME')", None, Some(&locals))?.extract()?;
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println!("Hello {}, I'm Python {}", user, version);
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Ok(())
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}
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```
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### As native module
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Pyo3 can be used to generate a python-compatible library.
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**`Cargo.toml`:**
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```toml
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[package]
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name = "rust2py"
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version = "0.1.0"
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[lib]
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name = "rust2py"
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crate-type = ["cdylib"]
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[dependencies.pyo3]
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version = "0.3"
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features = ["extension-module"]
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```
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**`src/lib.rs`**
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```rust
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#![feature(use_extern_macros, specialization)]
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extern crate pyo3;
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use pyo3::prelude::*;
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// Add bindings to the generated python module
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// N.B: names: "librust2py" must be the name of the `.so` or `.pyd` file
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/// This module is implemented in Rust.
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#[pymodinit]
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fn rust2py(py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
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#[pyfn(m, "sum_as_string")]
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// ``#[pyfn()]` converts the arguments from Python objects to Rust values
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// and the Rust return value back into a Python object.
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fn sum_as_string_py(a:i64, b:i64) -> PyResult<String> {
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let out = sum_as_string(a, b);
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Ok(out)
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}
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Ok(())
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}
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// The logic can be implemented as a normal rust function
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fn sum_as_string(a:i64, b:i64) -> String {
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format!("{}", a + b).to_string()
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}
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```
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On windows and linux, you can build normally with `cargo build --release`. On Mac Os, you need to set additional linker arguments. One option is to compile with `cargo rustc --release -- -C link-arg=-undefined -C link-arg=dynamic_lookup`, the other is to create a `.cargo/config` with the following content:
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```toml
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[target.x86_64-apple-darwin]
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rustflags = [
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"-C", "link-arg=-undefined",
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"-C", "link-arg=dynamic_lookup",
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]
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```
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Also on macOS, you will need to rename the output from \*.dylib to \*.so. On Windows, you will need to rename the output from \*.dll to \*.pyd.
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[`setuptools-rust`](https://github.com/PyO3/setuptools-rust) can be used to generate a python package and includes the commands above by default. See [examples/word-count](examples/word-count) and the associated setup.py.
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## License
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PyO3 is licensed under the [Apache-2.0 license](http://opensource.org/licenses/APACHE-2.0).
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Python is licensed under the [Python License](https://docs.python.org/2/license.html).
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