138 lines
5 KiB
Markdown
138 lines
5 KiB
Markdown
# PyO3
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[](https://travis-ci.org/PyO3/pyo3)
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[](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/fafhrd91/pyo3)
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[](https://crates.io/crates/pyo3)
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[](https://gitter.im/PyO3/Lobby)
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[Rust](http://www.rust-lang.org/) bindings for [Python](https://www.python.org/). This includes running and interacting with python code from a rust binaries as well as writing native python modules.
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* User Guide: [stable](https://pyo3.rs) | [master](https://pyo3.rs/master)
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* API Documentation: [master](https://pyo3.rs/master/doc)
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A comparison with rust-cpython can be found [in the guide](https://pyo3.rs/master/rust-cpython.html).
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## Usage
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Pyo3 supports python 2.7 as well as python 3.5 and up. The minimum required rust version is 1.30.0-nightly 2018-08-18.
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You can either write a native python module in rust or use python from a rust binary.
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On some OSs, you need some additional packages.
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E.g. if you are on Ubuntu18.04, please run
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```bash
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sudo apt install python3-dev python-dev
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```
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## Using rust from python
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Pyo3 can be used to generate a native python module.
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**`Cargo.toml`:**
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```toml
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[package]
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name = "string-sum"
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version = "0.1.0"
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[lib]
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name = "string_sum"
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crate-type = ["cdylib"]
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[dependencies.pyo3]
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version = "0.5"
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features = ["extension-module"]
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```
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**`src/lib.rs`**
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```rust
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#![feature(specialization)]
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#[macro_use]
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extern crate pyo3;
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use pyo3::prelude::*;
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#[pyfunction]
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/// Formats the sum of two numbers as string
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fn sum_as_string(a: usize, b: usize) -> PyResult<String> {
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Ok((a + b).to_string())
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}
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/// This module is a python module implemented in Rust.
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#[pymodule]
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fn string_sum(py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
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m.add_wrapped(wrap_function!(sum_as_string))?;
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Ok(())
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}
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```
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On windows and linux, you can build normally with `cargo build --release`. On macOS, you need to set additional linker arguments. One option is to compile with `cargo rustc --release -- -C link-arg=-undefined -C link-arg=dynamic_lookup`, the other is to create a `.cargo/config` with the following content:
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```toml
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[target.x86_64-apple-darwin]
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rustflags = [
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"-C", "link-arg=-undefined",
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"-C", "link-arg=dynamic_lookup",
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]
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```
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For developing, you can copy and rename the shared library from the target folder: On macOS, rename `libstring_sum.dylib` to `string_sum.so`, on windows `libstring_sum.dll` to `string_sum.pyd` and on linux `libstring_sum.so` to `string_sum.so`. Then open a python shell in the same folder and you'll be able to `import string_sum`.
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To build, test and publish your crate as python module, you can use [pyo3-pack](https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3-pack) or [setuptools-rust](https://github.com/PyO3/setuptools-rust). You can find an example for setuptools-rust in [examples/word-count](examples/word-count), while pyo3-pack should work on your crate without any configuration.
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## Using python from rust
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Add `pyo3` this to your `Cargo.toml`:
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```toml
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[dependencies]
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pyo3 = "0.5"
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```
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Example program displaying the value of `sys.version`:
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```rust
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#![feature(specialization)]
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extern crate pyo3;
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use pyo3::prelude::*;
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use pyo3::types::PyDict;
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fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
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let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
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let py = gil.python();
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let sys = py.import("sys")?;
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let version: String = sys.get("version")?.extract()?;
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let locals = PyDict::new(py);
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locals.set_item("os", py.import("os")?)?;
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let user: String = py.eval("os.getenv('USER') or os.getenv('USERNAME')", None, Some(&locals))?.extract()?;
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println!("Hello {}, I'm Python {}", user, version);
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Ok(())
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}
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```
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## Examples and tooling
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* [examples/word-count](examples/word-count) _Counting the occurrences of a word in a text file_
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* [hyperjson](https://github.com/mre/hyperjson) _A hyper-fast Python module for reading/writing JSON data using Rust's serde-json_
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* [rust-numpy](https://github.com/rust-numpy/rust-numpy) _Rust binding of NumPy C-API_
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* [html-py-ever](https://github.com/PyO3/setuptools-rust/tree/master/html-py-ever) _Using [html5ever](https://github.com/servo/html5ever) through [kuchiki](https://github.com/kuchiki-rs/kuchiki) to speed up html parsing and css-selecting._
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* [pyo3-built](https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3-built) _Simple macro to expose metadata obtained with the [`built`](https://crates.io/crates/built) crate as a [`PyDict`](https://pyo3.github.io/pyo3/pyo3/struct.PyDict.html)_
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* [point-process](https://github.com/ManifoldFR/point-process-rust/tree/master/pylib) _High level API for pointprocesses as a Python library_
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* [autopy](https://github.com/autopilot-rs/autopy) _A simple, cross-platform GUI automation library for Python and Rust._
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* [orjson](https://github.com/ijl/orjson) _Fast Python JSON library_
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## License
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PyO3 is licensed under the [Apache-2.0 license](http://opensource.org/licenses/APACHE-2.0).
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Python is licensed under the [Python License](https://docs.python.org/2/license.html).
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