159 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
159 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: "guides"
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page_title: "Generate Root Tokens using Unseal Keys - Guides"
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sidebar_current: "guides-operations-generate-root"
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description: |-
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Generate a new root token using a threshold of unseal keys.
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---
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# Generate Root Tokens Using Unseal Keys
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It is generally considered a best practice to not persist
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[root tokens][root-tokens]. Instead a root token should be generated using
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Vault's `operator generate-root` command only when absolutely necessary. This
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guide demonstrates regenerating a root token.
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1. Unseal the vault using the existing quorum of unseal keys. You do not need to
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be authenticated to generate a new root token, but the Vault must be unsealed
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and a quorum of unseal keys must be available.
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```shell
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$ vault operator unseal
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# ...
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```
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### Using OTP
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In this method, an OTP is XORed with the generated token on final output.
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1. Generate a one-time password (OTP) to use for XORing the resulting token:
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```text
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$ vault operator generate-root -generate-otp
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mOXx7iVimjE6LXQ2Zna6NA==
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```
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Save this OTP because you will need it to get the decoded final root token.
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1. Initialize a root token generation, providing the OTP code from the step
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above:
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```text
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$ vault operator generate-root -init -otp=mOXx7iVimjE6LXQ2Zna6NA==
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Nonce f67f4da3-4ae4-68fb-4716-91da6b609c3e
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Started true
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Progress 0/5
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Complete false
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```
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The nonce value should be distributed to all unseal key holders.
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1. Each unseal key holder provides their unseal key:
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```text
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$ vault operator generate-root
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Root generation operation nonce: f67f4da3-4ae4-68fb-4716-91da6b609c3e
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Unseal Key (will be hidden): ...
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```
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If there is a tty, Vault will prompt for the key and automatically
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complete the nonce value. If there is no tty, or if the value is piped
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from stdin, the user must specify the nonce value from the `-init`
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operation.
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```text
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$ echo $UNSEAL_KEY | vault operator generate-root -nonce=f67f4da3... -
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```
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1. When the quorum of unseal keys are supplied, the final user will also get
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the encoded root token.
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```text
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$ vault operator generate-root
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Root generation operation nonce: f67f4da3-4ae4-68fb-4716-91da6b609c3e
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Unseal Key (will be hidden):
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Nonce f67f4da3-4ae4-68fb-4716-91da6b609c3e
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Started true
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Progress 5/5
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Complete true
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Root Token IxJpyqxn3YafOGhqhvP6cQ==
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```
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1. Decode the encoded token using the OTP:
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```text
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$ vault operator generate-root \
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-decode=IxJpyqxn3YafOGhqhvP6cQ== \
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-otp=mOXx7iVimjE6LXQ2Zna6NA==
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24bde68f-3df3-e137-cf4d-014fe9ebc43f
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```
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### Using PGP
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1. Initialize a root token generation, providing the path to a GPG public key
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or keybase username of a user to encrypted the resulting token.
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```text
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$ vault operator generate-root -init -pgp-key=keybase:sethvargo
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Nonce e24dec5e-f1ea-2dfe-ecce-604022006976
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Started true
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Progress 0/5
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Complete false
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PGP Fingerprint e2f8e2974623ba2a0e933a59c921994f9c27e0ff
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```
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The nonce value should be distributed to all unseal key holders.
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1. Each unseal key holder providers their unseal key:
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```text
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$ vault operator generate-root
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Root generation operation nonce: e24dec5e-f1ea-2dfe-ecce-604022006976
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Unseal Key (will be hidden): ...
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```
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If there is a tty, Vault will prompt for the key and automatically
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complete the nonce value. If there is no tty, or if the value is piped
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from stdin, the user must specify the nonce value from the `-init`
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operation.
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```text
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$ echo $UNSEAL_KEY | vault operator generate-root -nonce=f67f4da3... -
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```
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1. When the quorum of unseal keys are supplied, the final user will also get
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the encoded root token.
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```text
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$ vault operator generate-root
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Root generation operation nonce: e24dec5e-f1ea-2dfe-ecce-604022006976
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Unseal Key (will be hidden):
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Nonce e24dec5e-f1ea-2dfe-ecce-604022006976
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Started true
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Progress 1/1
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Complete true
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PGP Fingerprint e2f8e2974623ba2a0e933a59c921994f9c27e0ff
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Root Token wcFMA0RVkFtoqzRlARAAI3Ux8kdSpfgXdF9mg...
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```
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1. Decrypt the encrypted token using associated private key:
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```text
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$ echo "wcFMA0RVkFtoqzRlARAAI3Ux8kdSpfgXdF9mg..." | base64 --decode | gpg --decrypt
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d0f71e9b-ebff-6d8a-50ae-b8859f2e5671
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```
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or via keybase:
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```text
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$ echo "wcFMA0RVkFtoqzRlARAAI3Ux8kdSpfgXdF9mg..." | base64 --decode | keybase pgp decrypt
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d0f71e9b-ebff-6d8a-50ae-b8859f2e5671
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```
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[root-tokens]: /docs/concepts/tokens.html#root-tokens
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