130 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
130 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: "intro"
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page_title: "Key/Value Data"
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sidebar_current: "gettingstarted-kv"
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description: |-
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In addition to providing service discovery and integrated health checking, Consul provides an easy to use Key/Value store. This can be used to hold dynamic configuration, assist in service coordination, build leader election, and enable anything else a developer can think to build.
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---
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# Key/Value Data
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In addition to providing service discovery and integrated health checking,
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Consul provides an easy to use Key/Value store. This can be used to hold
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dynamic configuration, assist in service coordination, build leader election,
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and enable anything else a developer can think to build.
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This step assumes you have at least one Consul agent already running.
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## Simple Usage
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To demonstrate how simple it is to get started, we will manipulate a few keys
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in the K/V store.
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Querying the local agent we started in the [Run the Agent step](agent.html),
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we can first verify that there are no existing keys in the k/v store:
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Also check https://www.hashicorp.com/blog/consul-kv-cli.html for using the 'consul kv' from
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the commandline.
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```text
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$ curl -v http://localhost:8500/v1/kv/?recurse
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* About to connect() to localhost port 8500 (#0)
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* Trying 127.0.0.1... connected
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> GET /v1/kv/?recurse HTTP/1.1
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> User-Agent: curl/7.22.0 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu) libcurl/7.22.0 OpenSSL/1.0.1 zlib/1.2.3.4 libidn/1.23 librtmp/2.3
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> Host: localhost:8500
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> Accept: */*
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>
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< HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
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< X-Consul-Index: 1
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< Date: Fri, 11 Apr 2014 02:10:28 GMT
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< Content-Length: 0
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< Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
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<
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* Connection #0 to host localhost left intact
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* Closing connection #0
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```
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Since there are no keys, we get a 404 response back. Now, we can `PUT` a
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few example keys:
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```
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$ curl -X PUT -d 'test' http://localhost:8500/v1/kv/web/key1
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true
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$ curl -X PUT -d 'test' http://localhost:8500/v1/kv/web/key2?flags=42
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true
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$ curl -X PUT -d 'test' http://localhost:8500/v1/kv/web/sub/key3
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true
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$ curl http://localhost:8500/v1/kv/?recurse
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[{"CreateIndex":97,"ModifyIndex":97,"Key":"web/key1","Flags":0,"Value":"dGVzdA=="},
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{"CreateIndex":98,"ModifyIndex":98,"Key":"web/key2","Flags":42,"Value":"dGVzdA=="},
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{"CreateIndex":99,"ModifyIndex":99,"Key":"web/sub/key3","Flags":0,"Value":"dGVzdA=="}]
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```
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Here we have created 3 keys, each with the value of "test". Note that the
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`Value` field returned is base64 encoded to allow non-UTF8 characters. For the
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key "web/key2", we set a `flag` value of 42. All keys support setting a 64-bit
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integer flag value. This is not used internally by Consul, but it can be used by
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clients to add meaningful metadata to any KV.
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After setting the values, we then issued a `GET` request to retrieve multiple
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keys using the `?recurse` parameter.
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You can also fetch a single key just as easily:
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```text
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$ curl http://localhost:8500/v1/kv/web/key1
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[{"CreateIndex":97,"ModifyIndex":97,"Key":"web/key1","Flags":0,"Value":"dGVzdA=="}]
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```
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Deleting keys is simple as well, accomplished by using the `DELETE` verb. We can
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delete a single key by specifying the full path, or we can recursively delete all
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keys under a root using "?recurse":
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```text
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$ curl -X DELETE http://localhost:8500/v1/kv/web/sub?recurse
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$ curl http://localhost:8500/v1/kv/web?recurse
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[{"CreateIndex":97,"ModifyIndex":97,"Key":"web/key1","Flags":0,"Value":"dGVzdA=="},
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{"CreateIndex":98,"ModifyIndex":98,"Key":"web/key2","Flags":42,"Value":"dGVzdA=="}]
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```
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A key can be modified by issuing a `PUT` request to the same URI and
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providing a different message body. Additionally, Consul provides a
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Check-And-Set operation, enabling atomic key updates. This is done by
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providing the `?cas=` parameter with the last `ModifyIndex` value from
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the GET request. For example, suppose we wanted to update "web/key1":
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```text
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$ curl -X PUT -d 'newval' http://localhost:8500/v1/kv/web/key1?cas=97
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true
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$ curl -X PUT -d 'newval' http://localhost:8500/v1/kv/web/key1?cas=97
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false
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```
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In this case, the first CAS update succeeds because the `ModifyIndex` is 97.
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However the second operation fails because the `ModifyIndex` is no longer 97.
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We can also make use of the `ModifyIndex` to wait for a key's value to change.
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For example, suppose we wanted to wait for key2 to be modified:
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```text
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$ curl "http://localhost:8500/v1/kv/web/key2?index=101&wait=5s"
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[{"CreateIndex":98,"ModifyIndex":101,"Key":"web/key2","Flags":42,"Value":"dGVzdA=="}]
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```
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By providing "?index=", we are asking to wait until the key has a `ModifyIndex` greater
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than 101. However the "?wait=5s" parameter restricts the query to at most 5 seconds,
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returning the current, unchanged value. This can be used to efficiently wait for
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key modifications. Additionally, this same technique can be used to wait for a list
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of keys, waiting only until any of the keys has a newer modification time.
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## Next Steps
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These are only a few examples of what the API supports. For full documentation, please
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see [the /kv/ route of the HTTP API](/docs/agent/http/kv.html).
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Next, we will look at the [web UI](ui.html) options supported by Consul.
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Also check https://www.hashicorp.com/blog/consul-kv-cli.html for using the 'consul kv' from
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the commandline.
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