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rocksdb/INSTALL.md
Peter Dillinger 459969e993 Simplify detection of x86 CPU features (#11419) 
Summary:
**Background** - runtime detection of certain x86 CPU features was added for optimizing CRC32c checksums, where performance is dramatically affected by the availability of certain CPU instructions and code using intrinsics for those instructions. And Java builds with native library try to be broadly compatible but performant.

What has changed is that CRC32c is no longer the most efficient cheecksum on contemporary x86_64 hardware, nor the default checksum. XXH3 is generally faster and not as dramatically impacted by the availability of certain CPU instructions. For example, on my Skylake system using db_bench (similar on an older Skylake system without AVX512):

PORTABLE=1 empty USE_SSE  : xxh3->8 GB/s   crc32c->0.8 GB/s  (no SSE4.2 nor AVX2 instructions)
PORTABLE=1 USE_SSE=1      : xxh3->19 GB/s  crc32c->16 GB/s  (with SSE4.2 and AVX2)
PORTABLE=0 USE_SSE ignored: xxh3->28 GB/s  crc32c->16 GB/s  (also some AVX512)

Testing a ~10 year old system, with SSE4.2 but without AVX2, crc32c is a similar speed to the new systems but xxh3 is only about half that speed, also 8GB/s like the non-AVX2 compile above. Given that xxh3 has specific optimization for AVX2, I think we can infer that that crc32c is only fastest for that ~2008-2013 period when SSE4.2 was included but not AVX2. And given that xxh3 is only about 2x slower on these systems (not like >10x slower for unoptimized crc32c), I don't think we need to invest too much in optimally adapting to these old cases.

x86 hardware that doesn't support fast CRC32c is now extremely rare, so requiring a custom build to support such hardware is fine IMHO.

**This change** does two related things:
* Remove runtime CPU detection for optimizing CRC32c on x86. Maintaining this code is non-zero work, and compiling special code that doesn't work on the configured target instruction set for code generation is always dubious. (On the one hand we have to ensure the CRC32c code uses SSE4.2 but on the other hand we have to ensure nothing else does.)
* Detect CPU features in source code, not in build scripts. Although there are some hypothetical advantages to detectiong in build scripts (compiler generality), RocksDB supports at least three build systems: make, cmake, and buck. It's not practical to support feature detection on all three, and we have suffered from missed optimization opportunities by relying on missing or incomplete detection in cmake and buck. We also depend on some components like xxhash that do source code detection anyway.

**In more detail:**
* `HAVE_SSE42`, `HAVE_AVX2`, and `HAVE_PCLMUL` replaced by standard macros `__SSE4_2__`, `__AVX2__`, and `__PCLMUL__`.
* MSVC does not provide high fidelity defines for SSE, PCLMUL, or POPCNT, but we can infer those from `__AVX__` or `__AVX2__` in a compatibility header. In rare cases of false negative or false positive feature detection, a build engineer should be able to set defines to work around the issue.
* `__POPCNT__` is another standard define, but we happen to only need it on MSVC, where it is set by that compatibility header, or can be set by the build engineer.
* `PORTABLE` can be set to a CPU type, e.g. "haswell", to compile for that CPU type.
* `USE_SSE` is deprecated, now equivalent to PORTABLE=haswell, which roughly approximates its old behavior.

Notably, this change should enable more builds to use the AVX2-optimized Bloom filter implementation.

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/11419

Test Plan:
existing tests, CI

Manual performance tests after the change match the before above (none expected with make build).

We also see AVX2 optimized Bloom filter code enabled when expected, by injecting a compiler error. (Performance difference is not big on my current CPU.)

Reviewed By: ajkr

Differential Revision: D45489041

Pulled By: pdillinger

fbshipit-source-id: 60ceb0dd2aa3b365c99ed08a8b2a087a9abb6a70
2023-05-09 22:25:45 -07:00

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## Compilation
**Important**: If you plan to run RocksDB in production, don't compile using default
`make` or `make all`. That will compile RocksDB in debug mode, which is much slower
than release mode.
RocksDB's library should be able to compile without any dependency installed,
although we recommend installing some compression libraries (see below).
We do depend on newer gcc/clang with C++17 support (GCC >= 7, Clang >= 5).
There are few options when compiling RocksDB:
* [recommended] `make static_lib` will compile librocksdb.a, RocksDB static library. Compiles static library in release mode.
* `make shared_lib` will compile librocksdb.so, RocksDB shared library. Compiles shared library in release mode.
* `make check` will compile and run all the unit tests. `make check` will compile RocksDB in debug mode.
* `make all` will compile our static library, and all our tools and unit tests. Our tools
depend on gflags. You will need to have gflags installed to run `make all`. This will compile RocksDB in debug mode. Don't
use binaries compiled by `make all` in production.
* By default the binary we produce is optimized for the CPU you're compiling on
(`-march=native` or the equivalent). To build a binary compatible with the most
general architecture supported by your CPU and compiler, set `PORTABLE=1` for
the build, but performance will suffer as many operations benefit from newer
and wider instructions. In addition to `PORTABLE=0` (default) and `PORTABLE=1`,
it can be set to an architecture name recognized by your compiler. For example,
on 64-bit x86, a reasonable compromise is `PORTABLE=haswell` which supports
many or most of the available optimizations while still being compatible with
most processors made since roughly 2013.
## Dependencies
* You can link RocksDB with following compression libraries:
- [zlib](http://www.zlib.net/) - a library for data compression.
- [bzip2](http://www.bzip.org/) - a library for data compression.
- [lz4](https://github.com/lz4/lz4) - a library for extremely fast data compression.
- [snappy](http://google.github.io/snappy/) - a library for fast
data compression.
- [zstandard](http://www.zstd.net) - Fast real-time compression
algorithm.
* All our tools depend on:
- [gflags](https://gflags.github.io/gflags/) - a library that handles
command line flags processing. You can compile rocksdb library even
if you don't have gflags installed.
* `make check` will also check code formatting, which requires [clang-format](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html)
* If you wish to build the RocksJava static target, then cmake is required for building Snappy.
* If you wish to run microbench (e.g, `make microbench`, `make ribbon_bench` or `cmake -DWITH_BENCHMARK=1`), Google benchmark >= 1.6.0 is needed.
* You can do the following to install Google benchmark. These commands are copied from `./build_tools/ubuntu20_image/Dockerfile`:
`$ git clone --depth 1 --branch v1.7.0 https://github.com/google/benchmark.git ~/benchmark`
`$ cd ~/benchmark && mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBENCHMARK_ENABLE_GTEST_TESTS=0 && ninja && ninja install`
## Supported platforms
* **Linux - Ubuntu**
* Upgrade your gcc to version at least 7 to get C++17 support.
* Install gflags. First, try: `sudo apt-get install libgflags-dev`
If this doesn't work and you're using Ubuntu, here's a nice tutorial:
(http://askubuntu.com/questions/312173/installing-gflags-12-04)
* Install snappy. This is usually as easy as:
`sudo apt-get install libsnappy-dev`.
* Install zlib. Try: `sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev`.
* Install bzip2: `sudo apt-get install libbz2-dev`.
* Install lz4: `sudo apt-get install liblz4-dev`.
* Install zstandard: `sudo apt-get install libzstd-dev`.
* **Linux - CentOS / RHEL**
* Upgrade your gcc to version at least 7 to get C++17 support
* Install gflags:
git clone https://github.com/gflags/gflags.git
cd gflags
git checkout v2.0
./configure && make && sudo make install
**Notice**: Once installed, please add the include path for gflags to your `CPATH` environment variable and the
lib path to `LIBRARY_PATH`. If installed with default settings, the include path will be `/usr/local/include`
and the lib path will be `/usr/local/lib`.
* Install snappy:
sudo yum install snappy snappy-devel
* Install zlib:
sudo yum install zlib zlib-devel
* Install bzip2:
sudo yum install bzip2 bzip2-devel
* Install lz4:
sudo yum install lz4-devel
* Install ASAN (optional for debugging):
sudo yum install libasan
* Install zstandard:
* With [EPEL](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL):
sudo yum install libzstd-devel
* With CentOS 8:
sudo dnf install libzstd-devel
* From source:
wget https://github.com/facebook/zstd/archive/v1.1.3.tar.gz
mv v1.1.3.tar.gz zstd-1.1.3.tar.gz
tar zxvf zstd-1.1.3.tar.gz
cd zstd-1.1.3
make && sudo make install
* **OS X**:
* Install latest C++ compiler that supports C++ 17:
* Update XCode: run `xcode-select --install` (or install it from XCode App's settting).
* Install via [homebrew](http://brew.sh/).
* If you're first time developer in MacOS, you still need to run: `xcode-select --install` in your command line.
* run `brew tap homebrew/versions; brew install gcc7 --use-llvm` to install gcc 7 (or higher).
* run `brew install rocksdb`
* **FreeBSD** (11.01):
* You can either install RocksDB from the Ports system using `cd /usr/ports/databases/rocksdb && make install`, or you can follow the details below to install dependencies and compile from source code:
* Install the dependencies for RocksDB:
export BATCH=YES
cd /usr/ports/devel/gmake && make install
cd /usr/ports/devel/gflags && make install
cd /usr/ports/archivers/snappy && make install
cd /usr/ports/archivers/bzip2 && make install
cd /usr/ports/archivers/liblz4 && make install
cd /usr/ports/archivesrs/zstd && make install
cd /usr/ports/devel/git && make install
* Install the dependencies for RocksJava (optional):
export BATCH=yes
cd /usr/ports/java/openjdk7 && make install
* Build RocksDB from source:
cd ~
git clone https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb.git
cd rocksdb
gmake static_lib
* Build RocksJava from source (optional):
cd rocksdb
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/openjdk7
gmake rocksdbjava
* **OpenBSD** (6.3/-current):
* As RocksDB is not available in the ports yet you have to build it on your own:
* Install the dependencies for RocksDB:
pkg_add gmake gflags snappy bzip2 lz4 zstd git jdk bash findutils gnuwatch
* Build RocksDB from source:
cd ~
git clone https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb.git
cd rocksdb
gmake static_lib
* Build RocksJava from source (optional):
cd rocksdb
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk-1.8.0
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/jdk-1.8.0/bin
gmake rocksdbjava
* **iOS**:
* Run: `TARGET_OS=IOS make static_lib`. When building the project which uses rocksdb iOS library, make sure to define an important pre-processing macros: `IOS_CROSS_COMPILE`.
* **Windows** (Visual Studio 2017 to up):
* Read and follow the instructions at CMakeLists.txt
* Or install via [vcpkg](https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg)
* run `vcpkg install rocksdb:x64-windows`
* **AIX 6.1**
* Install AIX Toolbox rpms with gcc
* Use these environment variables:
export PORTABLE=1
export CC=gcc
export AR="ar -X64"
export EXTRA_ARFLAGS=-X64
export EXTRA_CFLAGS=-maix64
export EXTRA_CXXFLAGS=-maix64
export PLATFORM_LDFLAGS="-static-libstdc++ -static-libgcc"
export LIBPATH=/opt/freeware/lib
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java8_64
export PATH=/opt/freeware/bin:$PATH
* **Solaris Sparc**
* Install GCC 7 and higher.
* Use these environment variables:
export CC=gcc
export EXTRA_CFLAGS=-m64
export EXTRA_CXXFLAGS=-m64
export EXTRA_LDFLAGS=-m64
export PORTABLE=1
export PLATFORM_LDFLAGS="-static-libstdc++ -static-libgcc"
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