docs: sync README and lib.rs examples
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@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ jobs:
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- name: Test example extension modules
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shell: bash
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run: |
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for example_dir in examples/*; do
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for example_dir in examples/*/; do
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tox -c $example_dir -e py
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done
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env:
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2
Makefile
2
Makefile
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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ fmt:
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clippy:
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cargo clippy --features="num-bigint num-complex hashbrown serde" --tests -- -Dwarnings
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cargo clippy --features="abi3 num-bigint num-complex hashbrown serde" --tests -- -Dwarnings
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for example in examples/*; do cargo clippy --manifest-path $$example/Cargo.toml -- -Dwarnings || exit 1; done
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for example in examples/*/; do cargo clippy --manifest-path $$example/Cargo.toml -- -Dwarnings || exit 1; done
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lint: fmt clippy
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@true
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30
README.md
30
README.md
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@ -98,13 +98,13 @@ As well as with `maturin`, it is possible to build using [`setuptools-rust`](htt
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To embed Python into a Rust binary, you need to ensure that your Python installation contains a shared library. The following steps demonstrate how to ensure this (for Ubuntu), and then give some example code which runs an embedded Python interpreter.
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To install the Python shared library, if you are on Ubuntu, you can run:
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To install the Python shared library on Ubuntu:
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```bash
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sudo apt install python3-dev
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```
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Start a new project with `cargo new`. Next, add `pyo3` to your `Cargo.toml` like this:
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Start a new project with `cargo new` and add `pyo3` to the `Cargo.toml` like this:
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```toml
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[dependencies.pyo3]
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@ -118,24 +118,18 @@ Example program displaying the value of `sys.version` and the current user name:
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use pyo3::prelude::*;
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use pyo3::types::IntoPyDict;
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fn main() -> Result<(), ()> {
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fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
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Python::with_gil(|py| {
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main_(py).map_err(|e| {
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// We can't display Python exceptions via std::fmt::Display,
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// so print the error here manually.
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e.print_and_set_sys_last_vars(py);
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})
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})
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}
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let sys = py.import("sys")?;
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let version: String = sys.get("version")?.extract()?;
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fn main_(py: Python) -> PyResult<()> {
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let sys = py.import("sys")?;
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let version: String = sys.get("version")?.extract()?;
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let locals = [("os", py.import("os")?)].into_py_dict(py);
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let code = "os.getenv('USER') or os.getenv('USERNAME') or 'Unknown'";
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let user: String = py.eval(code, None, Some(&locals))?.extract()?;
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println!("Hello {}, I'm Python {}", user, version);
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Ok(())
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let locals = [("os", py.import("os")?)].into_py_dict(py);
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let code = "os.getenv('USER') or os.getenv('USERNAME') or 'Unknown'";
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let user: String = py.eval(code, None, Some(&locals))?.extract()?;
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println!("Hello {}, I'm Python {}", user, version);
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Ok(())
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})
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}
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```
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@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
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# PyO3 Examples
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These examples are a collection of toy extension modules built with PyO3. They are all tested using `tox` in PyO3's CI.
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Below is a brief description of each of these:
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| Example | Description |
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| ------- | ----------- |
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| `maturin-starter` | A template project which is configured to use [`maturin`](https://github.com/PyO3/maturin) for development. |
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| `setuptools-rust-starter` | A template project which is configured to use [`setuptools_rust`](https://github.com/PyO3/setuptools-rust/) for development. |
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| `word-count` | A quick performance comparison between word counter implementations written in each of Rust and Python. |
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| `pyo3-benchmarks` | A project containing some benchmarks of PyO3 functionality called from Python. |
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| `pyo3-pytests` | A project containing some tests of PyO3 functionality called from Python. |
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99
src/lib.rs
99
src/lib.rs
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@ -124,13 +124,13 @@
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//!
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//! # Example: Building a native Python module
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//!
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//! To build, test and publish your crate as a Python module, it is recommended that you use
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//! [maturin](https://github.com/PyO3/maturin) or
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//! [setuptools-rust](https://github.com/PyO3/setuptools-rust). You can also do this manually. See the
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//! [Building and Distribution chapter of the guide](https://pyo3.rs/latest/building_and_distribution.html)
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//! for more information.
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//! PyO3 can be used to generate a native Python module. The easiest way to try this out for the
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//! first time is to use [`maturin`](https://github.com/PyO3/maturin). `maturin` is a tool for
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//! building and publishing Rust-based Python packages with minimal configuration. The following
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//! steps set up some files for an example Python module, install `maturin`, and then show how build
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//! and import the Python module.
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//!
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//! Add these files to your crate's root:
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//! First, create a new folder (let's call it `string_sum`) containing the following two files:
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//!
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//! **`Cargo.toml`**
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//!
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//! }
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//! ```
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//!
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//! **`.cargo/config.toml`**
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//! ```toml
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//! # These flags must be passed to rustc when compiling for macOS
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//! # They can be omitted if you pass the flags yourself
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//! # or don't care about macOS
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//! With those two files in place, now `maturin` needs to be installed. This can be done using
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//! Python's package manager `pip`. First, load up a new Python `virtualenv`, and install `maturin`
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//! into it:
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//!
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//! [target.x86_64-apple-darwin]
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//! rustflags = [
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//! "-C", "link-arg=-undefined",
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//! "-C", "link-arg=dynamic_lookup",
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//! ]
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//!
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//! [target.aarch64-apple-darwin]
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//! rustflags = [
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//! "-C", "link-arg=-undefined",
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//! "-C", "link-arg=dynamic_lookup",
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//! ]
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//! ```bash
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//! $ cd string_sum
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//! $ python -m venv .env
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//! $ source .env/bin/activate
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//! $ pip install maturin
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//! ```
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//!
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//! Now build and execute the module:
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//!
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//! ```bash
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//! $ maturin develop
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//! # lots of progress output as maturin runs the compilation...
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//! $ python
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//! >>> import string_sum
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//! >>> string_sum.sum_as_string(5, 20)
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//! '25'
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//! ```
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//!
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//! As well as with `maturin`, it is possible to build using
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//! [`setuptools-rust`](https://github.com/PyO3/setuptools-rust) or
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//! [manually](https://pyo3.rs/latest/building_and_distribution.html#manual-builds). Both offer more
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//! flexibility than `maturin` but require further configuration.
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//!
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//! # Example: Using Python from Rust
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//!
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//! You can use PyO3 to call Python functions from Rust.
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//! To embed Python into a Rust binary, you need to ensure that your Python installation contains a
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//! shared library. The following steps demonstrate how to ensure this (for Ubuntu), and then give
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//! some example code which runs an embedded Python interpreter.
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//!
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//! Add `pyo3` to your `Cargo.toml`:
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//! To install the Python shared library on Ubuntu:
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//!
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//! ```bash
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//! sudo apt install python3-dev
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//! ```
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//!
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//! Start a new project with `cargo new` and add `pyo3` to the `Cargo.toml` like this:
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//!
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//! ```toml
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//! [dependencies.pyo3]
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//! features = ["auto-initialize"]
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//! ```
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//!
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//! Example program displaying the value of `sys.version`:
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//! Example program displaying the value of `sys.version` and the current user name:
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//!
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//! ```rust
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//! use pyo3::prelude::*;
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//! use pyo3::types::IntoPyDict;
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//!
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//! fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
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//! let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
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//! let py = gil.python();
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//! let sys = py.import("sys")?;
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//! let version: String = sys.get("version")?.extract()?;
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//! Python::with_gil(|py| {
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//! let sys = py.import("sys")?;
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//! let version: String = sys.get("version")?.extract()?;
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//!
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//! let locals = [("os", py.import("os")?)].into_py_dict(py);
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//! let code = "os.getenv('USER') or os.getenv('USERNAME') or 'Unknown'";
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//! let user: String = py.eval(code, None, Some(&locals))?.extract()?;
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//! let locals = [("os", py.import("os")?)].into_py_dict(py);
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//! let code = "os.getenv('USER') or os.getenv('USERNAME') or 'Unknown'";
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//! let user: String = py.eval(code, None, Some(&locals))?.extract()?;
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//!
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//! println!("Hello {}, I'm Python {}", user, version);
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//! Ok(())
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//! println!("Hello {}, I'm Python {}", user, version);
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//! Ok(())
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//! })
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//! }
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//! ```
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//!
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//! The guide has [a section](https://pyo3.rs/latest/python_from_rust.html) with lots of examples
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//! about this topic.
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//!
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//! # Other Examples
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//!
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//! The PyO3 [README](https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3#readme) contains quick-start examples for both
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//! using [Rust from Python](https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3#using-rust-from-python) and
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//! [Python from Rust](https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3#using-python-from-rust).
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//!
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//! The PyO3 repository's [examples subdirectory](https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3/tree/main/examples)
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//! contains some basic packages to demonstrate usage of PyO3.
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//!
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//! There are many projects using PyO3 - see a list of some at
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//! <https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3#examples>
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pub use crate::class::*;
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pub use crate::conversion::{
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