Big refactoring to shrink the prelude

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -9,15 +9,20 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.
 ### Added
  
  * `#[pyclass]` objects can now be returned from rust functions
+ * `PyComplex` by kngwyu in [#226](https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3/pull/226)
+
+### Removed
+ * Removed most entries from the prelude. The new prelude is small and clear.
+ * Slowly removing specialization uses
 
 ### Changed
-
+ * Removes the types from the root module and the prelude. They now live in `pyo3::types` instead.
- * Slowly removing specialization uses
  * All exceptions are consturcted with `py_err` instead of `new`, as they return `PyErr` and not `Self`.
  * `as_mut` and friends take and `&mut self` instead of `&self`
  * `ObjectProtocol::call` now takes an `Option<PyDict>` for the kwargs instead of an `IntoPyDictPointer`.
  * `IntoPyDictPointer` was replace by `IntoPyDict` which doesn't convert `PyDict` itself anymore and returns a `PyDict` instead of `*mut PyObject`.
  * `PyTuple::new` now takes an `IntoIterator` instead of a slice
+ * Updated to syn 0.15
 
 ### Fixed
 

README.md

@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@ Example program displaying the value of `sys.version`:
 extern crate pyo3;
 
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3::types::PyDict;
 
 fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
     let gil = Python::acquire_gil();

examples/rustapi_module/src/lib.rs

@@ -3,15 +3,11 @@
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate pyo3;
 
-use pyo3::prelude::PyDeltaAccess;
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
-use pyo3::prelude::PyModule;
+use pyo3::types::{
-use pyo3::prelude::PyObject;
+    PyDate, PyDateAccess, PyDateTime, PyDelta, PyDeltaAccess, PyDict, PyTime, PyTimeAccess,
-use pyo3::prelude::{pyfunction, pymodinit};
+    PyTuple, PyTzInfo,
-use pyo3::prelude::{PyDate, PyDateTime, PyDelta, PyTime, PyTzInfo};
+};
-use pyo3::prelude::{PyDateAccess, PyTimeAccess};
-use pyo3::prelude::{PyDict, PyTuple};
-use pyo3::{ObjectProtocol, ToPyObject};
-use pyo3::{Py, PyResult, Python};
 
 #[pyfunction]
 fn make_date(py: Python, year: i32, month: u8, day: u8) -> PyResult<Py<PyDate>> {
@@ -195,7 +191,7 @@ fn datetime_from_timestamp(py: Python, ts: f64, tz: Option<&PyTzInfo>) -> PyResu
 #[pyfunction]
 fn issue_219() -> PyResult<()> {
     let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
-    let py = gil.python();
+    let _py = gil.python();
     Ok(())
 }
 

guide/src/class.md

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ attribute. Only the python `__new__` method can be specified, `__init__` is not
 #
 # extern crate pyo3;
 # use pyo3::prelude::*;
-
+# use pyo3::PyRawObject;
 
 #[pyclass]
 struct MyClass {
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ with value of custom class struct. Subclass must call parent's `__new__` method.
 # #![feature(specialization)]
 # extern crate pyo3;
 # use pyo3::prelude::*;
-#
+# use pyo3::PyRawObject;
 #[pyclass]
 struct BaseClass {
    val1: usize,

guide/src/exception.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ You can use the `py_exception!` macro to define a new exception type:
 ```rust
 #[macro_use] extern crate pyo3;
 
-py_exception!(module, MyError, pyo3::exc::Exception);
+py_exception!(module, MyError, pyo3::exceptions::Exception);
 ```
 
 * `module` is the name of the containing module.
@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@ For example:
 ```rust
 #[macro_use] extern crate pyo3;
 
-use pyo3::{Python, PyDict};
+use pyo3::Python;
+use pyo3::types::PyDict;
 
-py_exception!(mymodule, CustomError, pyo3::exc::Exception);
+py_exception!(mymodule, CustomError, pyo3::exceptions::Exception);
 
 fn main() {
     let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ use pyo3::{Python, PyErr, exc};
 fn main() {
     let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
     let py = gil.python();
-    PyErr::new::<exc::TypeError, _>("Error").restore(py);
+    PyErr::new::<exceptions::TypeError, _>("Error").restore(py);
     assert!(PyErr::occurred(py));
     drop(PyErr::fetch(py));
 }
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ have rust type as well.
 # fn check_for_error() -> bool {false}
 fn my_func(arg: PyObject) -> PyResult<()> {
     if check_for_error() {
-        Err(exc::ValueError::py_err("argument is wrong"))
+        Err(exceptions::ValueError::py_err("argument is wrong"))
     } else {
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -106,8 +107,8 @@ To check the type of an exception, you can simply do:
 # fn main() {
 # let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
 # let py = gil.python();
-# let err = exc::TypeError::py_err(NoArgs);
+# let err = exceptions::TypeError::py_err(NoArgs);
-err.is_instance::<exc::TypeError>(py);
+err.is_instance::<exceptions::TypeError>(py);
 # }
 ```
 
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ use pyo3::{PyErr, PyResult, exc};
 
 impl std::convert::From<std::io::Error> for PyErr {
     fn from(err: std::io::Error) -> PyErr {
-        exc::OSError.into()
+        exceptions::OSError.into()
     }
 }
 
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ use pyo3::prelude::*;
 import_exception!(io, UnsupportedOperation);
 
 fn tell(file: PyObject) -> PyResult<u64> {
-    use pyo3::exc::*;
+    use pyo3::exceptions::*;
 
     let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
     let py = gil.python();

guide/src/overview.md

@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ Example program displaying the value of `sys.version`:
 extern crate pyo3;
 
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3::types::PyDict;
 
 fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
     let gil = Python::acquire_gil();

guide/src/rust-cpython.md

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ py_class!(class MyClass |py| {
 extern crate pyo3;
 
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
-
+use pyo3::PyRawObject;
 
 #[pyclass]
 struct MyClass {

pyo3-derive-backend/src/module.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub fn py3_init(fnname: &syn::Ident, name: &syn::Ident, doc: syn::Lit) -> TokenS
         /// This autogenerated function is called by the python interpreter when importing
         /// the module.
         pub unsafe extern "C" fn #cb_name() -> *mut ::pyo3::ffi::PyObject {
-            ::pyo3::make_module(concat!(stringify!(#name), "\0"), #doc, #fnname)
+            ::pyo3::derive_utils::make_module(concat!(stringify!(#name), "\0"), #doc, #fnname)
         }
     }
 }
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pub fn py2_init(fnname: &syn::Ident, name: &syn::Ident, doc: syn::Lit) -> TokenS
         #[no_mangle]
         #[allow(non_snake_case)]
         pub unsafe extern "C" fn #cb_name() {
-            ::pyo3::make_module(concat!(stringify!(#name), "\0"), #doc, #fnname)
+            ::pyo3::derive_utils::make_module(concat!(stringify!(#name), "\0"), #doc, #fnname)
         }
     }
 }
@@ -243,8 +243,8 @@ fn function_c_wrapper(name: &syn::Ident, spec: &method::FnSpec) -> TokenStream {
 
             let _pool = ::pyo3::GILPool::new();
             let _py = ::pyo3::Python::assume_gil_acquired();
-            let _args = _py.from_borrowed_ptr::<::pyo3::PyTuple>(_args);
+            let _args = _py.from_borrowed_ptr::<::pyo3::types::PyTuple>(_args);
-            let _kwargs: Option<&PyDict> = _py.from_borrowed_ptr_or_opt(_kwargs);
+            let _kwargs: Option<&::pyo3::types::PyDict> = _py.from_borrowed_ptr_or_opt(_kwargs);
 
             #body_to_result
             ::pyo3::callback::cb_convert(

pyo3-derive-backend/src/py_class.rs

@@ -236,6 +236,7 @@ fn impl_class(
 
         impl ::pyo3::ToPyObject for #cls {
             fn to_object(&self, py: ::pyo3::Python) -> ::pyo3::PyObject {
+                use ::pyo3::python::ToPyPointer;
                 unsafe { ::pyo3::PyObject::from_borrowed_ptr(py, self.as_ptr()) }
             }
         }
@@ -251,6 +252,7 @@ fn impl_class(
 
         impl<'a> ::pyo3::ToPyObject for &'a mut #cls {
             fn to_object(&self, py: ::pyo3::Python) -> ::pyo3::PyObject {
+                use ::pyo3::python::ToPyPointer;
                 unsafe { ::pyo3::PyObject::from_borrowed_ptr(py, self.as_ptr()) }
             }
         }
@@ -259,6 +261,7 @@ fn impl_class(
             fn with_borrowed_ptr<F, R>(&self, _py: ::pyo3::Python, f: F) -> R
                 where F: FnOnce(*mut ::pyo3::ffi::PyObject) -> R
             {
+                use ::pyo3::python::ToPyPointer;
                 f(self.as_ptr())
             }
         }
@@ -267,6 +270,7 @@ fn impl_class(
             fn with_borrowed_ptr<F, R>(&self, _py: ::pyo3::Python, f: F) -> R
                 where F: FnOnce(*mut ::pyo3::ffi::PyObject) -> R
             {
+                use ::pyo3::python::ToPyPointer;
                 f(self.as_ptr())
             }
         }
@@ -393,7 +397,7 @@ fn parse_attribute(
     // We need the 0 as value for the constant we're later building using quote for when there
     // are no other flags
     let mut flags = vec![parse_quote! {0}];
-    let mut base: syn::TypePath = parse_quote! {::pyo3::PyObjectRef};
+    let mut base: syn::TypePath = parse_quote! {::pyo3::types::PyObjectRef};
 
     for expr in args.iter() {
         match expr {

pyo3-derive-backend/src/py_method.rs

@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ pub fn impl_wrap(cls: &syn::Type, name: &syn::Ident, spec: &FnSpec, noargs: bool
                 let _pool = ::pyo3::GILPool::new();
                 let _py = ::pyo3::Python::assume_gil_acquired();
                 let _slf = _py.mut_from_borrowed_ptr::<#cls>(_slf);
-                let _args = _py.from_borrowed_ptr::<::pyo3::PyTuple>(_args);
+                let _args = _py.from_borrowed_ptr::<::pyo3::types::PyTuple>(_args);
-                let _kwargs: Option<&PyDict> = _py.from_borrowed_ptr_or_opt(_kwargs);
+                let _kwargs: Option<&::pyo3::types::PyDict> = _py.from_borrowed_ptr_or_opt(_kwargs);
 
                 #body_to_result
                 ::pyo3::callback::cb_convert(
@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ pub fn impl_proto_wrap(cls: &syn::Type, name: &syn::Ident, spec: &FnSpec) -> Tok
             let _pool = ::pyo3::GILPool::new();
             let _py = ::pyo3::Python::assume_gil_acquired();
             let _slf = _py.mut_from_borrowed_ptr::<#cls>(_slf);
-            let _args = _py.from_borrowed_ptr::<::pyo3::PyTuple>(_args);
+            let _args = _py.from_borrowed_ptr::<::pyo3::types::PyTuple>(_args);
-            let _kwargs: Option<&PyDict> = _py.from_borrowed_ptr_or_opt(_kwargs);
+            let _kwargs: Option<&::pyo3::types::PyDict> = _py.from_borrowed_ptr_or_opt(_kwargs);
 
             let _result = {
                 #body
@@ -161,13 +161,13 @@ pub fn impl_wrap_new(cls: &syn::Type, name: &syn::Ident, spec: &FnSpec) -> Token
             let _py = ::pyo3::Python::assume_gil_acquired();
             match ::pyo3::typeob::PyRawObject::new(_py, #cls::type_object(), _cls) {
                 Ok(_obj) => {
-                    let _args = _py.from_borrowed_ptr::<::pyo3::PyTuple>(_args);
+                    let _args = _py.from_borrowed_ptr::<::pyo3::types::PyTuple>(_args);
-                    let _kwargs: Option<&PyDict> = _py.from_borrowed_ptr_or_opt(_kwargs);
+                    let _kwargs: Option<&::pyo3::types::PyDict> = _py.from_borrowed_ptr_or_opt(_kwargs);
 
                     #body_to_result
 
                     match _result {
-                        Ok(_) => _obj.into_ptr(),
+                        Ok(_) => ::pyo3::IntoPyPointer::into_ptr(_obj),
                         Err(e) => {
                             e.restore(_py);
                             ::std::ptr::null_mut()
@@ -207,8 +207,8 @@ fn impl_wrap_init(cls: &syn::Type, name: &syn::Ident, spec: &FnSpec) -> TokenStr
             let _pool = ::pyo3::GILPool::new();
             let _py = ::pyo3::Python::assume_gil_acquired();
             let _slf = _py.mut_from_borrowed_ptr::<#cls>(_slf);
-            let _args = _py.from_borrowed_ptr::<::pyo3::PyTuple>(_args);
+            let _args = _py.from_borrowed_ptr::<::pyo3::types::PyTuple>(_args);
-            let _kwargs: Option<&PyDict> = _py.from_borrowed_ptr_or_opt(_kwargs);
+            let _kwargs: Option<&::pyo3::types::PyDict> = _py.from_borrowed_ptr_or_opt(_kwargs);
 
             #body_to_result
             match _result {
@@ -252,9 +252,9 @@ pub fn impl_wrap_class(cls: &syn::Type, name: &syn::Ident, spec: &FnSpec) -> Tok
             const _LOCATION: &'static str = concat!(stringify!(#cls),".",stringify!(#name),"()");
             let _pool = ::pyo3::GILPool::new();
             let _py = ::pyo3::Python::assume_gil_acquired();
-            let _cls = ::pyo3::PyType::from_type_ptr(_py, _cls as *mut ::pyo3::ffi::PyTypeObject);
+            let _cls = ::pyo3::types::PyType::from_type_ptr(_py, _cls as *mut ::pyo3::ffi::PyTypeObject);
-            let _args = _py.from_borrowed_ptr::<::pyo3::PyTuple>(_args);
+            let _args = _py.from_borrowed_ptr::<::pyo3::types::PyTuple>(_args);
-            let _kwargs: Option<&PyDict> = _py.from_borrowed_ptr_or_opt(_kwargs);
+            let _kwargs: Option<&::pyo3::types::PyDict> = _py.from_borrowed_ptr_or_opt(_kwargs);
 
             #body_to_result
             ::pyo3::callback::cb_convert(
@@ -293,8 +293,8 @@ pub fn impl_wrap_static(cls: &syn::Type, name: &syn::Ident, spec: &FnSpec) -> To
             const _LOCATION: &'static str = concat!(stringify!(#cls),".",stringify!(#name),"()");
             let _pool = ::pyo3::GILPool::new();
             let _py = ::pyo3::Python::assume_gil_acquired();
-            let _args = _py.from_borrowed_ptr::<::pyo3::PyTuple>(_args);
+            let _args = _py.from_borrowed_ptr::<::pyo3::types::PyTuple>(_args);
-            let _kwargs: Option<&PyDict> = _py.from_borrowed_ptr_or_opt(_kwargs);
+            let _kwargs: Option<&::pyo3::types::PyDict> = _py.from_borrowed_ptr_or_opt(_kwargs);
 
             #body_to_result
             ::pyo3::callback::cb_convert(
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ pub(crate) fn impl_wrap_getter(cls: &syn::Type, name: &syn::Ident) -> TokenStrea
 
             match _slf.#name() {
                 Ok(val) => {
-                    val.into_object(_py).into_ptr()
+                    ::pyo3::IntoPyPointer::into_ptr(val.into_object(_py))
                 }
                 Err(e) => {
                     e.restore(_py);
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ pub fn impl_arg_params(spec: &FnSpec, body: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
             };
 
             params.push(quote! {
-                ::pyo3::argparse::ParamDescription{
+                ::pyo3::derive_utils::ParamDescription{
                     name: stringify!(#name), is_optional: #opt, kw_only: #kwonly}
             });
         }
@@ -448,12 +448,12 @@ pub fn impl_arg_params(spec: &FnSpec, body: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
 
     // create array of arguments, and then parse
     quote! {
-        const _PARAMS: &'static [::pyo3::argparse::ParamDescription<'static>] = &[
+        const _PARAMS: &'static [::pyo3::derive_utils::ParamDescription<'static>] = &[
             #(#params),*
         ];
 
         let mut _output = [#(#placeholders),*];
-        match ::pyo3::argparse::parse_args(Some(_LOCATION), _PARAMS, &_args,
+        match ::pyo3::derive_utils::parse_fn_args(Some(_LOCATION), _PARAMS, &_args,
             _kwargs, #accept_args, #accept_kwargs, &mut _output)
         {
             Ok(_) => {

src/buffer.rs

@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ use std::os::raw;
 use std::{cell, mem, slice};
 
 use err::{self, PyResult};
-use exc;
+use exceptions;
 use ffi;
-use objects::PyObjectRef;
 use python::{Python, ToPyPointer};
+use types::PyObjectRef;
 
 /// Allows access to the underlying buffer used by a python object such as `bytes`, `bytearray` or `array.array`.
 #[repr(transparent)]
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ impl PyBuffer {
         fort: u8,
     ) -> PyResult<()> {
         if mem::size_of_val(target) != self.len_bytes() {
-            return Err(exc::BufferError::py_err(
+            return Err(exceptions::BufferError::py_err(
                 "Slice length does not match buffer length.",
             ));
         }
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ impl PyBuffer {
             return buffer_readonly_error();
         }
         if mem::size_of_val(source) != self.len_bytes() {
-            return Err(exc::BufferError::py_err(
+            return Err(exceptions::BufferError::py_err(
                 "Slice length does not match buffer length.",
             ));
         }
@@ -593,13 +593,13 @@ impl PyBuffer {
 }
 
 fn incompatible_format_error() -> PyResult<()> {
-    Err(exc::BufferError::py_err(
+    Err(exceptions::BufferError::py_err(
         "Slice type is incompatible with buffer format.",
     ))
 }
 
 fn buffer_readonly_error() -> PyResult<()> {
-    Err(exc::BufferError::py_err(
+    Err(exceptions::BufferError::py_err(
         "Cannot write to read-only buffer.",
     ))
 }

src/callback.rs

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ use std::{isize, ptr};
 use conversion::IntoPyObject;
 use err::PyResult;
 use ffi::{self, Py_hash_t};
-use objects::exc::OverflowError;
 use python::{IntoPyPointer, Python};
+use types::exceptions::OverflowError;
 
 pub trait CallbackConverter<S> {
     type R;

src/class/basic.rs

@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ use conversion::{FromPyObject, IntoPyObject};
 use err::{PyErr, PyResult};
 use ffi;
 use objectprotocol::ObjectProtocol;
-use objects::{exc, PyObjectRef};
 use python::{IntoPyPointer, Python};
 use typeob::PyTypeInfo;
+use types::{exceptions, PyObjectRef};
 use CompareOp;
 
 /// Basic python class customization
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ fn extract_op(op: c_int) -> PyResult<CompareOp> {
         ffi::Py_NE => Ok(CompareOp::Ne),
         ffi::Py_GT => Ok(CompareOp::Gt),
         ffi::Py_GE => Ok(CompareOp::Ge),
-        _ => Err(PyErr::new::<exc::ValueError, _>(
+        _ => Err(PyErr::new::<exceptions::ValueError, _>(
             "tp_richcompare called with invalid comparison operator",
         )),
     }

src/class/descr.rs

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ use class::methods::PyMethodDef;
 use conversion::{FromPyObject, IntoPyObject};
 use err::PyResult;
 use ffi;
-use objects::{PyObjectRef, PyType};
 use typeob::PyTypeInfo;
+use types::{PyObjectRef, PyType};
 
 /// Descriptor interface
 #[allow(unused_variables)]

src/class/macros.rs

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ macro_rules! py_binary_func {
             let _pool = $crate::GILPool::new();
             let py = $crate::Python::assume_gil_acquired();
             let slf = py.mut_from_borrowed_ptr::<T>(slf);
-            let arg = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::PyObjectRef>(arg);
+            let arg = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::types::PyObjectRef>(arg);
 
             let result = match arg.extract() {
                 Ok(arg) => slf.$f(arg).into(),
@@ -114,8 +114,8 @@ macro_rules! py_binary_num_func {
             use $crate::ObjectProtocol;
             let _pool = $crate::GILPool::new();
             let py = $crate::Python::assume_gil_acquired();
-            let lhs = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::PyObjectRef>(lhs);
+            let lhs = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::types::PyObjectRef>(lhs);
-            let rhs = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::PyObjectRef>(rhs);
+            let rhs = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::types::PyObjectRef>(rhs);
 
             let result = match lhs.extract() {
                 Ok(lhs) => match rhs.extract() {
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ macro_rules! py_binary_self_func {
             let _pool = $crate::GILPool::new();
             let py = $crate::Python::assume_gil_acquired();
             let slf1 = py.mut_from_borrowed_ptr::<T>(slf);
-            let arg = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::PyObjectRef>(arg);
+            let arg = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::types::PyObjectRef>(arg);
 
             let result = match arg.extract() {
                 Ok(arg) => slf1.$f(arg).into(),
@@ -216,8 +216,8 @@ macro_rules! py_ternary_func {
             let _pool = $crate::GILPool::new();
             let py = $crate::Python::assume_gil_acquired();
             let slf = py.mut_from_borrowed_ptr::<T>(slf);
-            let arg1 = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::PyObjectRef>(arg1);
+            let arg1 = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::types::PyObjectRef>(arg1);
-            let arg2 = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::PyObjectRef>(arg2);
+            let arg2 = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::types::PyObjectRef>(arg2);
 
             let result = match arg1.extract() {
                 Ok(arg1) => match arg2.extract() {
@@ -249,9 +249,9 @@ macro_rules! py_ternary_num_func {
 
             let _pool = $crate::GILPool::new();
             let py = $crate::Python::assume_gil_acquired();
-            let arg1 = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::PyObjectRef>(arg1);
+            let arg1 = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::types::PyObjectRef>(arg1);
-            let arg2 = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::PyObjectRef>(arg2);
+            let arg2 = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::types::PyObjectRef>(arg2);
-            let arg3 = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::PyObjectRef>(arg3);
+            let arg3 = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::types::PyObjectRef>(arg3);
 
             let result = match arg1.extract() {
                 Ok(arg1) => match arg2.extract() {
@@ -287,8 +287,8 @@ macro_rules! py_ternary_self_func {
             let _pool = $crate::GILPool::new();
             let py = $crate::Python::assume_gil_acquired();
             let slf1 = py.mut_from_borrowed_ptr::<T>(slf);
-            let arg1 = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::PyObjectRef>(arg1);
+            let arg1 = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::types::PyObjectRef>(arg1);
-            let arg2 = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::PyObjectRef>(arg2);
+            let arg2 = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::types::PyObjectRef>(arg2);
 
             let result = match arg1.extract() {
                 Ok(arg1) => match arg2.extract() {
@@ -328,13 +328,15 @@ macro_rules! py_func_set {
             let slf = py.mut_from_borrowed_ptr::<$generic>(slf);
 
             let result = if value.is_null() {
-                Err($crate::PyErr::new::<exc::NotImplementedError, _>(format!(
+                Err($crate::PyErr::new::<exceptions::NotImplementedError, _>(
-                    "Subscript deletion not supported by {:?}",
+                    format!(
-                    stringify!($generic)
+                        "Subscript deletion not supported by {:?}",
-                )))
+                        stringify!($generic)
+                    ),
+                ))
             } else {
-                let name = py.mut_from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::PyObjectRef>(name);
+                let name = py.mut_from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::types::PyObjectRef>(name);
-                let value = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::PyObjectRef>(value);
+                let value = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::types::PyObjectRef>(value);
                 match name.extract() {
                     Ok(name) => match value.extract() {
                         Ok(value) => slf.$fn_set(name, value).into(),
@@ -374,14 +376,14 @@ macro_rules! py_func_del {
 
             let result = if value.is_null() {
                 let slf = py.mut_from_borrowed_ptr::<U>(slf);
-                let name = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::PyObjectRef>(name);
+                let name = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::types::PyObjectRef>(name);
 
                 match name.extract() {
                     Ok(name) => slf.$fn_del(name).into(),
                     Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
                 }
             } else {
-                Err(PyErr::new::<exc::NotImplementedError, _>(
+                Err(PyErr::new::<exceptions::NotImplementedError, _>(
                     "Subscript assignment not supported",
                 ))
             };
@@ -414,7 +416,7 @@ macro_rules! py_func_set_del {
             let _pool = $crate::GILPool::new();
             let py = $crate::Python::assume_gil_acquired();
             let slf = py.mut_from_borrowed_ptr::<$generic>(slf);
-            let name = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::PyObjectRef>(name);
+            let name = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::types::PyObjectRef>(name);
 
             let result = if value.is_null() {
                 match name.extract() {
@@ -422,7 +424,7 @@ macro_rules! py_func_set_del {
                     Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
                 }
             } else {
-                let value = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::PyObjectRef>(value);
+                let value = py.from_borrowed_ptr::<$crate::types::PyObjectRef>(value);
                 match name.extract() {
                     Ok(name) => match value.extract() {
                         Ok(value) => slf.$fn_set(name, value).into(),

src/class/mapping.rs

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ use class::methods::PyMethodDef;
 use conversion::{FromPyObject, IntoPyObject};
 use err::{PyErr, PyResult};
 use ffi;
-use objects::exc;
 use python::Python;
 use typeob::PyTypeInfo;
+use types::exceptions;
 
 /// Mapping interface
 #[allow(unused_variables)]

src/class/sequence.rs

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ use conversion::{FromPyObject, IntoPyObject};
 use err::{PyErr, PyResult};
 use ffi;
 use objectprotocol::ObjectProtocol;
-use objects::{exc, PyObjectRef};
 use python::Python;
 use std::os::raw::c_int;
 use typeob::PyTypeInfo;
+use types::{exceptions, PyObjectRef};
 
 /// Sequece interface
 #[allow(unused_variables)]
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ where
             let slf = py.mut_from_borrowed_ptr::<T>(slf);
 
             let result = if value.is_null() {
-                Err(PyErr::new::<exc::NotImplementedError, _>(format!(
+                Err(PyErr::new::<exceptions::NotImplementedError, _>(format!(
                     "Item deletion not supported by {:?}",
                     stringify!(T)
                 )))
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ mod sq_ass_item_impl {
                 let result = if value.is_null() {
                     slf.__delitem__(key as isize).into()
                 } else {
-                    Err(PyErr::new::<exc::NotImplementedError, _>(format!(
+                    Err(PyErr::new::<exceptions::NotImplementedError, _>(format!(
                         "Item assignment not supported by {:?}",
                         stringify!(T)
                     )))

src/conversion.rs

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ use err::{PyDowncastError, PyResult};
 use ffi;
 use instance::Py;
 use object::PyObject;
-use objects::{PyObjectRef, PyTuple};
 use python::{IntoPyPointer, Python, ToPyPointer};
 use typeob::PyTypeInfo;
+use types::{PyObjectRef, PyTuple};
 
 /// Conversion trait that allows various objects to be converted into `PyObject`
 pub trait ToPyObject {

src/derive_utils.rs

@@ -2,10 +2,18 @@
 //
 // based on Daniel Grunwald's https://github.com/dgrunwald/rust-cpython
 
-//! Python argument parsing
+//! Functionality for the code generated by the derive backend
+
 use conversion::PyTryFrom;
 use err::PyResult;
-use objects::{exc, PyDict, PyObjectRef, PyString, PyTuple};
+use exceptions::TypeError;
+use ffi;
+use init_once;
+use std::ptr;
+use types::PyModule;
+use types::{PyDict, PyObjectRef, PyString, PyTuple};
+use GILPool;
+use Python;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 /// Description of a python parameter; used for `parse_args()`.
@@ -26,7 +34,7 @@ pub struct ParamDescription<'a> {
 /// * kwargs: Keyword arguments
 /// * output: Output array that receives the arguments.
 ///           Must have same length as `params` and must be initialized to `None`.
-pub fn parse_args<'p>(
+pub fn parse_fn_args<'p>(
     fname: Option<&str>,
     params: &[ParamDescription],
     args: &'p PyTuple,
@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@ pub fn parse_args<'p>(
     let nargs = args.len();
     let nkeywords = kwargs.map_or(0, |d| d.len());
     if !accept_args && (nargs + nkeywords > params.len()) {
-        return Err(exc::TypeError::py_err(format!(
+        return Err(TypeError::py_err(format!(
             "{}{} takes at most {} argument{} ({} given)",
             fname.unwrap_or("function"),
             if fname.is_some() { "()" } else { "" },
@@ -55,7 +63,7 @@ pub fn parse_args<'p>(
                 *out = Some(kwarg);
                 used_keywords += 1;
                 if i < nargs {
-                    return Err(exc::TypeError::py_err(format!(
+                    return Err(TypeError::py_err(format!(
                         "Argument given by name ('{}') and position ({})",
                         p.name,
                         i + 1
@@ -65,7 +73,7 @@ pub fn parse_args<'p>(
             None => {
                 if p.kw_only {
                     if !p.is_optional {
-                        return Err(exc::TypeError::py_err(format!(
+                        return Err(TypeError::py_err(format!(
                             "Required argument ('{}') is keyword only argument",
                             p.name
                         )));
@@ -76,7 +84,7 @@ pub fn parse_args<'p>(
                 } else {
                     *out = None;
                     if !p.is_optional {
-                        return Err(exc::TypeError::py_err(format!(
+                        return Err(TypeError::py_err(format!(
                             "Required argument ('{}') (pos {}) not found",
                             p.name,
                             i + 1
@@ -92,7 +100,7 @@ pub fn parse_args<'p>(
             let item = <PyTuple as PyTryFrom>::try_from(item)?;
             let key = <PyString as PyTryFrom>::try_from(item.get_item(0))?.to_string()?;
             if !params.iter().any(|p| p.name == key) {
-                return Err(exc::TypeError::py_err(format!(
+                return Err(TypeError::py_err(format!(
                     "'{}' is an invalid keyword argument for this function",
                     key
                 )));
@@ -101,3 +109,90 @@ pub fn parse_args<'p>(
     }
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[cfg(Py_3)]
+#[doc(hidden)]
+/// Builds a module (or null) from a user given initializer. Used for `#[pymodinit]`.
+pub unsafe fn make_module(
+    name: &str,
+    doc: &str,
+    initializer: impl Fn(Python, &PyModule) -> PyResult<()>,
+) -> *mut ffi::PyObject {
+    use python::IntoPyPointer;
+
+    init_once();
+
+    #[cfg(py_sys_config = "WITH_THREAD")]
+    // > Changed in version 3.7: This function is now called by Py_Initialize(), so you don’t have
+    // > to call it yourself anymore.
+    #[cfg(not(Py_3_7))]
+    ffi::PyEval_InitThreads();
+
+    static mut MODULE_DEF: ffi::PyModuleDef = ffi::PyModuleDef_INIT;
+    // We can't convert &'static str to *const c_char within a static initializer,
+    // so we'll do it here in the module initialization:
+    MODULE_DEF.m_name = name.as_ptr() as *const _;
+
+    let module = ffi::PyModule_Create(&mut MODULE_DEF);
+    if module.is_null() {
+        return module;
+    }
+
+    let _pool = GILPool::new();
+    let py = Python::assume_gil_acquired();
+    let module = match py.from_owned_ptr_or_err::<PyModule>(module) {
+        Ok(m) => m,
+        Err(e) => {
+            e.restore(py);
+            return ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+    };
+
+    module
+        .add("__doc__", doc)
+        .expect("Failed to add doc for module");
+    match initializer(py, module) {
+        Ok(_) => module.into_ptr(),
+        Err(e) => {
+            e.restore(py);
+            ptr::null_mut()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(Py_3))]
+#[doc(hidden)]
+/// Builds a module (or null) from a user given initializer. Used for `#[pymodinit]`.
+pub unsafe fn make_module(
+    name: &str,
+    doc: &str,
+    initializer: impl Fn(Python, &PyModule) -> PyResult<()>,
+) {
+    init_once();
+
+    #[cfg(py_sys_config = "WITH_THREAD")]
+    ffi::PyEval_InitThreads();
+
+    let _name = name.as_ptr() as *const _;
+    let _pool = GILPool::new();
+    let py = Python::assume_gil_acquired();
+    let _module = ffi::Py_InitModule(_name, ptr::null_mut());
+    if _module.is_null() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let _module = match py.from_borrowed_ptr_or_err::<PyModule>(_module) {
+        Ok(m) => m,
+        Err(e) => {
+            e.restore(py);
+            return;
+        }
+    };
+
+    _module
+        .add("__doc__", doc)
+        .expect("Failed to add doc for module");
+    if let Err(e) = initializer(py, _module) {
+        e.restore(py)
+    }
+}

src/err.rs

@@ -10,27 +10,28 @@ use conversion::{IntoPyObject, ToBorrowedObject, ToPyObject};
 use ffi;
 use instance::Py;
 use object::PyObject;
-use objects::{exc, PyObjectRef, PyType};
 use python::{IntoPyPointer, Python, ToPyPointer};
 use typeob::PyTypeObject;
+use types::{exceptions, PyObjectRef, PyType};
 
 /// Defines a new exception type.
 ///
 /// # Syntax
-/// `py_exception!(module, MyError, pyo3::exc::Exception)`
+/// `py_exception!(module, MyError, pyo3::exceptions::Exception)`
 ///
 /// * `module` is the name of the containing module.
 /// * `MyError` is the name of the new exception type.
-/// * `pyo3::exc::Exception` is the name of the base type
+/// * `pyo3::exceptions::Exception` is the name of the base type
 ///
 /// # Example
 /// ```
 /// #[macro_use]
 /// extern crate pyo3;
 ///
-/// use pyo3::{Python, PyDict};
+/// use pyo3::Python;
+/// use pyo3::types::PyDict;
 ///
-/// py_exception!(mymodule, CustomError, pyo3::exc::Exception);
+/// py_exception!(mymodule, CustomError, pyo3::exceptions::Exception);
 ///
 /// fn main() {
 ///     let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ macro_rules! py_exception {
             }
 
             #[inline]
-            fn type_object() -> $crate::Py<$crate::PyType> {
+            fn type_object() -> $crate::Py<$crate::types::PyType> {
                 unsafe {
                     $crate::Py::from_borrowed_ptr(
                         $name::type_object() as *const _ as *mut $crate::ffi::PyObject
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ impl PyErr {
     /// Panics if `T` is not a python class derived from `BaseException`.
     ///
     /// Example:
-    ///  `return Err(PyErr::new::<exc::TypeError, _>("Error message"));`
+    ///  `return Err(PyErr::new::<exceptions::TypeError, _>("Error message"));`
     pub fn new<T, V>(value: V) -> PyErr
     where
         T: PyTypeObject,
@@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ impl PyErr {
 
     /// Construct a new error, with the usual lazy initialization of Python exceptions.
     /// `exc` is the exception type; usually one of the standard exceptions
-    /// like `exc::RuntimeError`.
+    /// like `exceptions::RuntimeError`.
     /// `args` is the a tuple of arguments to pass to the exception constructor.
     pub fn from_type<A>(exc: Py<PyType>, args: A) -> PyErr
     where
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ impl PyErr {
             }
         } else {
             PyErr {
-                ptype: exc::TypeError::type_object(),
+                ptype: exceptions::TypeError::type_object(),
                 pvalue: PyErrValue::ToObject(Box::new("exceptions must derive from BaseException")),
                 ptraceback: None,
             }
@@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ impl PyErr {
         };
 
         let ptype = if ptype.is_null() {
-            <exc::SystemError as PyTypeObject>::type_object()
+            <exceptions::SystemError as PyTypeObject>::type_object()
         } else {
             Py::from_owned_ptr(ptype)
         };
@@ -479,7 +480,7 @@ impl<'a> IntoPyObject for &'a PyErr {
 /// Converts `PyDowncastError` to Python `TypeError`.
 impl std::convert::From<PyDowncastError> for PyErr {
     fn from(_err: PyDowncastError) -> PyErr {
-        exc::TypeError.into()
+        exceptions::TypeError.into()
     }
 }
 
@@ -528,30 +529,32 @@ impl std::convert::From<io::Error> for PyErr {
     fn from(err: io::Error) -> PyErr {
         match err.kind() {
             io::ErrorKind::BrokenPipe => {
-                PyErr::from_value::<exc::BrokenPipeError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err)))
+                PyErr::from_value::<exceptions::BrokenPipeError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err)))
-            }
-            io::ErrorKind::ConnectionRefused => {
-                PyErr::from_value::<exc::ConnectionRefusedError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err)))
-            }
-            io::ErrorKind::ConnectionAborted => {
-                PyErr::from_value::<exc::ConnectionAbortedError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err)))
             }
+            io::ErrorKind::ConnectionRefused => PyErr::from_value::<
+                exceptions::ConnectionRefusedError,
+            >(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err))),
+            io::ErrorKind::ConnectionAborted => PyErr::from_value::<
+                exceptions::ConnectionAbortedError,
+            >(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err))),
             io::ErrorKind::ConnectionReset => {
-                PyErr::from_value::<exc::ConnectionResetError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err)))
+                PyErr::from_value::<exceptions::ConnectionResetError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(
+                    err,
+                )))
             }
             io::ErrorKind::Interrupted => {
-                PyErr::from_value::<exc::InterruptedError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err)))
+                PyErr::from_value::<exceptions::InterruptedError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err)))
-            }
-            io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {
-                PyErr::from_value::<exc::FileNotFoundError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err)))
             }
+            io::ErrorKind::NotFound => PyErr::from_value::<exceptions::FileNotFoundError>(
+                PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err)),
+            ),
             io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock => {
-                PyErr::from_value::<exc::BlockingIOError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err)))
+                PyErr::from_value::<exceptions::BlockingIOError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err)))
             }
             io::ErrorKind::TimedOut => {
-                PyErr::from_value::<exc::TimeoutError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err)))
+                PyErr::from_value::<exceptions::TimeoutError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err)))
             }
-            _ => PyErr::from_value::<exc::OSError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err))),
+            _ => PyErr::from_value::<exceptions::OSError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err))),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -560,7 +563,7 @@ impl std::convert::From<io::Error> for PyErr {
 /// Create `OSError` from `io::Error`
 impl std::convert::From<io::Error> for PyErr {
     fn from(err: io::Error) -> PyErr {
-        PyErr::from_value::<exc::OSError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err)))
+        PyErr::from_value::<exceptions::OSError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err)))
     }
 }
 
@@ -573,7 +576,7 @@ impl PyErrArguments for io::Error {
 
 impl<W: 'static + Send + std::fmt::Debug> std::convert::From<std::io::IntoInnerError<W>> for PyErr {
     fn from(err: std::io::IntoInnerError<W>) -> PyErr {
-        PyErr::from_value::<exc::OSError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err)))
+        PyErr::from_value::<exceptions::OSError>(PyErrValue::ToArgs(Box::new(err)))
     }
 }
 
@@ -583,17 +586,17 @@ impl<W: Send + std::fmt::Debug> PyErrArguments for std::io::IntoInnerError<W> {
     }
 }
 
-impl_to_pyerr!(std::num::ParseIntError, exc::ValueError);
+impl_to_pyerr!(std::num::ParseIntError, exceptions::ValueError);
-impl_to_pyerr!(std::num::ParseFloatError, exc::ValueError);
+impl_to_pyerr!(std::num::ParseFloatError, exceptions::ValueError);
-impl_to_pyerr!(std::string::ParseError, exc::ValueError);
+impl_to_pyerr!(std::string::ParseError, exceptions::ValueError);
-impl_to_pyerr!(std::str::ParseBoolError, exc::ValueError);
+impl_to_pyerr!(std::str::ParseBoolError, exceptions::ValueError);
-impl_to_pyerr!(std::ffi::IntoStringError, exc::UnicodeDecodeError);
+impl_to_pyerr!(std::ffi::IntoStringError, exceptions::UnicodeDecodeError);
-impl_to_pyerr!(std::ffi::NulError, exc::ValueError);
+impl_to_pyerr!(std::ffi::NulError, exceptions::ValueError);
-impl_to_pyerr!(std::str::Utf8Error, exc::UnicodeDecodeError);
+impl_to_pyerr!(std::str::Utf8Error, exceptions::UnicodeDecodeError);
-impl_to_pyerr!(std::string::FromUtf8Error, exc::UnicodeDecodeError);
+impl_to_pyerr!(std::string::FromUtf8Error, exceptions::UnicodeDecodeError);
-impl_to_pyerr!(std::string::FromUtf16Error, exc::UnicodeDecodeError);
+impl_to_pyerr!(std::string::FromUtf16Error, exceptions::UnicodeDecodeError);
-impl_to_pyerr!(std::char::DecodeUtf16Error, exc::UnicodeDecodeError);
+impl_to_pyerr!(std::char::DecodeUtf16Error, exceptions::UnicodeDecodeError);
-impl_to_pyerr!(std::net::AddrParseError, exc::ValueError);
+impl_to_pyerr!(std::net::AddrParseError, exceptions::ValueError);
 
 pub fn panic_after_error() -> ! {
     unsafe {
@@ -614,14 +617,14 @@ pub fn error_on_minusone(py: Python, result: libc::c_int) -> PyResult<()> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use objects::exc;
+    use types::exceptions;
     use {PyErr, Python};
 
     #[test]
     fn set_typeerror() {
         let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
         let py = gil.python();
-        let err: PyErr = exc::TypeError.into();
+        let err: PyErr = exceptions::TypeError.into();
         err.restore(py);
         assert!(PyErr::occurred(py));
         drop(PyErr::fetch(py));

src/instance.rs

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ use ffi;
 use instance;
 use object::PyObject;
 use objectprotocol::ObjectProtocol;
-use objects::PyObjectRef;
 use python::{IntoPyPointer, Python, ToPyPointer};
 use pythonrun;
 use typeob::{PyTypeInfo, PyTypeObject};
+use types::PyObjectRef;
 
 pub struct PyToken(PhantomData<Rc<()>>);
 

src/lib.rs

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 //! extern crate pyo3;
 //!
 //! use pyo3::prelude::*;
+//! use pyo3::types::PyDict;
 //!
 //! fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
 //!     let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
@@ -123,14 +124,29 @@
 // We need those types in the macro exports
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub extern crate libc;
-extern crate pyo3cls;
-extern crate spin;
 // We need that reexport for wrap_function
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub extern crate mashup;
 #[cfg(test)]
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate assert_approx_eq;
+extern crate pyo3cls;
+extern crate spin;
+
+pub use class::*;
+pub use conversion::{
+    FromPyObject, IntoPyObject, IntoPyTuple, PyTryFrom, PyTryInto, ReturnTypeIntoPyResult,
+    ToBorrowedObject, ToPyObject,
+};
+pub use err::{PyDowncastError, PyErr, PyErrArguments, PyErrValue, PyResult};
+pub use instance::{AsPyRef, Py, PyNativeType, PyObjectWithToken, PyToken};
+pub use noargs::NoArgs;
+pub use object::PyObject;
+pub use objectprotocol::ObjectProtocol;
+pub use python::{IntoPyPointer, Python, ToPyPointer};
+pub use pythonrun::{init_once, prepare_freethreaded_python, GILGuard, GILPool};
+pub use typeob::{PyObjectAlloc, PyRawObject, PyTypeInfo};
+pub use types::exceptions;
 
 /// Rust FFI declarations for Python
 pub mod ffi;
@@ -141,32 +157,7 @@ mod ffi2;
 #[cfg(Py_3)]
 mod ffi3;
 
-pub use conversion::{
-    FromPyObject, IntoPyObject, IntoPyTuple, PyTryFrom, PyTryInto, ReturnTypeIntoPyResult,
-    ToBorrowedObject, ToPyObject,
-};
-pub use err::{PyDowncastError, PyErr, PyErrArguments, PyErrValue, PyResult};
-pub use instance::{AsPyRef, Py, PyNativeType, PyObjectWithToken, PyToken};
-pub use noargs::NoArgs;
-pub use object::PyObject;
-pub use objectprotocol::ObjectProtocol;
-pub use objects::*;
-pub use python::{IntoPyPointer, Python, ToPyPointer};
-pub use pythonrun::{init_once, prepare_freethreaded_python, GILGuard, GILPool};
-pub use typeob::{PyObjectAlloc, PyRawObject, PyTypeInfo};
 pub mod class;
-pub use class::*;
-
-/// The proc macro attributes
-pub mod proc_macro {
-    pub use pyo3cls::{pyclass, pyfunction, pymethods, pyproto};
-
-    #[cfg(Py_3)]
-    pub use pyo3cls::mod3init as pymodinit;
-
-    #[cfg(not(Py_3))]
-    pub use pyo3cls::mod2init as pymodinit;
-}
 
 /// Constructs a `&'static CStr` literal.
 macro_rules! cstr {
@@ -176,9 +167,37 @@ macro_rules! cstr {
     };
 }
 
+pub mod buffer;
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub mod callback;
+mod conversion;
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub mod derive_utils;
+mod err;
+pub mod freelist;
+mod instance;
+mod noargs;
+mod object;
+mod objectprotocol;
+pub mod prelude;
+pub mod python;
+mod pythonrun;
+pub mod typeob;
+pub mod types;
+
+/// The proc macros, which are also part of the prelude
+pub mod proc_macro {
+    #[cfg(not(Py_3))]
+    pub use pyo3cls::mod2init as pymodinit;
+    #[cfg(Py_3)]
+    pub use pyo3cls::mod3init as pymodinit;
+    /// The proc macro attributes
+    pub use pyo3cls::{pyclass, pyfunction, pymethods, pyproto};
+}
+
 /// Returns a function that takes a [Python] instance and returns a python function.
 ///
-/// Use this together with `#[function]` and [PyModule::add_function].
+/// Use this together with `#[function]` and [types::PyModule::add_function].
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! wrap_function {
     ($function_name:ident) => {{
@@ -195,21 +214,3 @@ macro_rules! wrap_function {
         }
     }};
 }
-
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub mod argparse;
-pub mod buffer;
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub mod callback;
-mod conversion;
-mod err;
-pub mod freelist;
-mod instance;
-mod noargs;
-mod object;
-mod objectprotocol;
-mod objects;
-pub mod prelude;
-pub mod python;
-mod pythonrun;
-pub mod typeob;

src/noargs.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 use conversion::{IntoPyObject, IntoPyTuple, ToPyObject};
 use instance::Py;
 use object::PyObject;
-use objects::PyTuple;
 use python::Python;
+use types::PyTuple;
 
 /// An empty struct that represents the empty argument list.
 /// Corresponds to the empty tuple `()` in Python.

src/object.rs

@@ -8,10 +8,9 @@ use conversion::{
 use err::{PyDowncastError, PyErr, PyResult};
 use ffi;
 use instance::{AsPyRef, PyObjectWithToken};
-use objects::PyDict;
-use objects::{PyObjectRef, PyTuple};
 use python::{IntoPyPointer, Python, ToPyPointer};
 use pythonrun;
+use types::{PyDict, PyObjectRef, PyTuple};
 
 /// Safe wrapper around unsafe `*mut ffi::PyObject` pointer.
 #[derive(Debug)]

src/objectprotocol.rs

@@ -5,13 +5,12 @@ use err::{self, PyDowncastError, PyErr, PyResult};
 use ffi;
 use instance::PyObjectWithToken;
 use object::PyObject;
-use objects::PyDict;
-use objects::{PyIterator, PyObjectRef, PyString, PyTuple, PyType};
 use python::{IntoPyPointer, Python, ToPyPointer};
 use std;
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::os::raw::c_int;
 use typeob::PyTypeInfo;
+use types::{PyDict, PyIterator, PyObjectRef, PyString, PyTuple, PyType};
 
 /// Python object model helper methods
 pub trait ObjectProtocol {
@@ -269,7 +268,7 @@ where
             } else if result < 0 {
                 return Err(PyErr::fetch(py));
             }
-            Err(::exc::TypeError::py_err(
+            Err(::exceptions::TypeError::py_err(
                 "ObjectProtocol::compare(): All comparisons returned false",
             ))
         }
@@ -482,8 +481,8 @@ mod test {
     use super::*;
     use conversion::{PyTryFrom, ToPyObject};
     use instance::AsPyRef;
-    use objects::PyString;
     use python::Python;
+    use types::PyString;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_debug_string() {

src/objects/exc_impl.rs

@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2017-present PyO3 Project and Contributors
-
-/// Stringify a dotted path.
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! dot_stringify {
-    ($e:ident) => (
-        stringify!($e)
-    );
-    ($e:ident. $($es:ident).+) => (
-        concat!(stringify!($e), ".", dot_stringify!($($es).*))
-    );
-}
-
-/// Defines rust type for exception defined in Python code.
-///
-/// # Syntax
-/// `import_exception!(module, MyError)`
-///
-/// * `module` is the name of the containing module.
-/// * `MyError` is the name of the new exception type.
-///
-/// # Example
-/// ```
-/// #[macro_use] extern crate pyo3;
-///
-/// use pyo3::{Python, PyDict};
-///
-/// import_exception!(socket, gaierror);
-///
-/// fn main() {
-///     let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
-///     let py = gil.python();
-///     let ctx = PyDict::new(py);
-///
-///     ctx.set_item("gaierror", py.get_type::<gaierror>()).unwrap();
-///     py.run("import socket; assert gaierror is socket.gaierror", None, Some(ctx)).unwrap();
-/// }
-/// ```
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! import_exception {
-    ($($module:ident).+ , $name: ident) => {
-        #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
-        pub struct $name;
-
-        impl ::std::convert::From<$name> for $crate::PyErr {
-            fn from(_err: $name) -> $crate::PyErr {
-                $crate::PyErr::new::<$name, _>(())
-            }
-        }
-
-        impl<T> ::std::convert::Into<$crate::PyResult<T>> for $name {
-            fn into(self) -> $crate::PyResult<T> {
-                $crate::PyErr::new::<$name, _>(()).into()
-            }
-        }
-
-        impl $name {
-            pub fn py_err<T: $crate::ToPyObject + 'static>(args: T) -> $crate::PyErr
-                where Self: $crate::typeob::PyTypeObject + Sized
-            {
-                $crate::PyErr::new::<Self, T>(args)
-            }
-            pub fn into<R, T: $crate::ToPyObject + 'static>(args: T) -> $crate::PyResult<R>
-                where Self: $crate::typeob::PyTypeObject + Sized
-            {
-                $crate::PyErr::new::<Self, T>(args).into()
-            }
-        }
-
-        impl $crate::typeob::PyTypeObject for $name {
-            #[inline]
-            fn init_type() {}
-
-            #[inline]
-            fn type_object() -> $crate::Py<$crate::PyType> {
-                use $crate::IntoPyPointer;
-                static mut TYPE_OBJECT: *mut $crate::ffi::PyTypeObject = ::std::ptr::null_mut();
-
-                unsafe {
-                    if TYPE_OBJECT.is_null() {
-                        let gil = $crate::Python::acquire_gil();
-                        let py = gil.python();
-
-                        let imp = py.import(dot_stringify!($($module).*))
-                            .expect(concat!(
-                                "Can not import module: ", dot_stringify!($($module).*)));
-                        let cls = imp.get(stringify!($name))
-                            .expect(concat!(
-                                "Can not load exception class: {}.{}", dot_stringify!($($module).*),
-                                ".", stringify!($name)));
-                        TYPE_OBJECT = cls.into_ptr() as *mut $crate::ffi::PyTypeObject;
-                    }
-
-                    $crate::Py::from_borrowed_ptr(
-                        TYPE_OBJECT as *const _ as *mut $crate::ffi::PyObject)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use objects::PyDict;
-    use {PyErr, Python};
-
-    import_exception!(socket, gaierror);
-    import_exception!(email.errors, MessageError);
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_check_exception() {
-        let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
-        let py = gil.python();
-
-        let err: PyErr = gaierror.into();
-        let socket = py
-            .import("socket")
-            .map_err(|e| e.print(py))
-            .expect("could not import socket");
-
-        let d = PyDict::new(py);
-        d.set_item("socket", socket)
-            .map_err(|e| e.print(py))
-            .expect("could not setitem");
-        d.set_item("exc", err)
-            .map_err(|e| e.print(py))
-            .expect("could not setitem");
-
-        py.run("assert isinstance(exc, socket.gaierror)", None, Some(d))
-            .map_err(|e| e.print(py))
-            .expect("assertion failed");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_check_exception_nested() {
-        let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
-        let py = gil.python();
-
-        let err: PyErr = MessageError.into();
-        let email = py
-            .import("email")
-            .map_err(|e| e.print(py))
-            .expect("could not import email");
-
-        let d = PyDict::new(py);
-        d.set_item("email", email)
-            .map_err(|e| e.print(py))
-            .expect("could not setitem");
-        d.set_item("exc", err)
-            .map_err(|e| e.print(py))
-            .expect("could not setitem");
-
-        py.run(
-            "assert isinstance(exc, email.errors.MessageError)",
-            None,
-            Some(d),
-        ).map_err(|e| e.print(py))
-        .expect("assertion failed");
-    }
-}

src/prelude.rs

@@ -10,19 +10,18 @@
 //! use pyo3::prelude::*;
 //! ```
 
-pub use class::*;
+pub use conversion::{FromPyObject, IntoPyObject, PyTryFrom, PyTryInto, ToPyObject};
-pub use conversion::{
+pub use err::{PyErr, PyResult};
-    FromPyObject, IntoPyObject, IntoPyTuple, PyTryFrom, PyTryInto, ToBorrowedObject, ToPyObject,
+pub use instance::{AsPyRef, Py, PyToken};
-};
-pub use err::{PyDowncastError, PyErr, PyErrArguments, PyErrValue, PyResult};
-pub use instance::{AsPyRef, Py, PyNativeType, PyObjectWithToken, PyToken};
 pub use noargs::NoArgs;
 pub use object::PyObject;
 pub use objectprotocol::ObjectProtocol;
-pub use objects::*;
+pub use python::Python;
-pub use python::{IntoPyPointer, Python, ToPyPointer};
 pub use pythonrun::GILGuard;
-pub use typeob::PyRawObject;
+// This is only part of the prelude because we need it for the pymodinit function
+pub use types::PyModule;
+// This is required for the constructor
+pub use PyRawObject;
 
 pub use pyo3cls::{pyclass, pyfunction, pymethods, pyproto};
 

src/python.rs

@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ use err::{PyDowncastError, PyErr, PyResult};
 use ffi;
 use instance::{AsPyRef, Py, PyToken};
 use object::PyObject;
-use objects::{PyDict, PyModule, PyObjectRef, PyType};
 use pythonrun::{self, GILGuard};
 use std;
 use std::ffi::CString;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::os::raw::c_int;
 use typeob::{PyObjectAlloc, PyTypeInfo, PyTypeObject};
+use types::{PyDict, PyModule, PyObjectRef, PyType};
 
 /// Marker type that indicates that the GIL is currently held.
 ///
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ impl<'p> Python<'p> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
     use objectprotocol::ObjectProtocol;
-    use objects::{PyBool, PyDict, PyInt, PyList, PyObjectRef};
+    use types::{PyBool, PyDict, PyInt, PyList, PyObjectRef};
     use Python;
 
     #[test]

src/pythonrun.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2017-present PyO3 Project and Contributors
 use ffi;
-use objects::PyObjectRef;
 use python::Python;
 use spin;
 use std::{any, marker, rc, sync};
+use types::PyObjectRef;
 
 static START: sync::Once = sync::ONCE_INIT;
 static START_PYO3: sync::Once = sync::ONCE_INIT;

src/typeob.rs

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 use class::methods::PyMethodDefType;
 use err::{PyErr, PyResult};
 use instance::{Py, PyObjectWithToken, PyToken};
-use objects::PyObjectRef;
-use objects::PyType;
 use python::ToPyPointer;
 use python::{IntoPyPointer, Python};
 use std;
@@ -14,6 +12,8 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::ffi::CString;
 use std::mem;
 use std::os::raw::c_void;
+use types::PyObjectRef;
+use types::PyType;
 use {class, ffi, pythonrun};
 
 /// Python type information.

src/types/boolobject.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 use conversion::{IntoPyObject, PyTryFrom, ToBorrowedObject, ToPyObject};
 use ffi;
 use object::PyObject;
-use objects::PyObjectRef;
 use python::{Python, ToPyPointer};
+use types::PyObjectRef;
 use FromPyObject;
 use PyResult;
 
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ impl<'source> FromPyObject<'source> for bool {
 mod test {
     use conversion::ToPyObject;
     use objectprotocol::ObjectProtocol;
-    use objects::{PyBool, PyObjectRef};
     use python::Python;
+    use types::{PyBool, PyObjectRef};
 
     #[test]
     fn test_true() {

src/types/bytearray.rs

@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ impl PyByteArray {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-    use exc;
+    use exceptions;
     use object::PyObject;
-    use objects::PyByteArray;
     use python::Python;
+    use types::PyByteArray;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_bytearray() {
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ mod test {
 
         let none = py.None();
         if let Err(err) = PyByteArray::from(py, &none) {
-            assert!(err.is_instance::<exc::TypeError>(py));
+            assert!(err.is_instance::<exceptions::TypeError>(py));
         } else {
             panic!("error");
         }

src/types/dict.rs

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ use err::{self, PyErr, PyResult};
 use ffi;
 use instance::PyObjectWithToken;
 use object::PyObject;
-use objects::{PyList, PyObjectRef};
 use python::{Python, ToPyPointer};
 use std;
 use std::{cmp, collections, hash, mem};
+use types::{PyList, PyObjectRef};
 
 /// Represents a Python `dict`.
 #[repr(transparent)]
@@ -256,10 +256,10 @@ where
 mod test {
     use conversion::{IntoPyObject, PyTryFrom, ToPyObject};
     use instance::AsPyRef;
-    use objects::dict::IntoPyDict;
-    use objects::{PyDict, PyTuple};
     use python::Python;
     use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
+    use types::dict::IntoPyDict;
+    use types::{PyDict, PyTuple};
     use ObjectProtocol;
 
     #[test]

src/types/exceptions.rs

@@ -6,12 +6,115 @@ use conversion::ToPyObject;
 use err::{PyErr, PyResult};
 use ffi;
 use instance::Py;
-use objects::{PyObjectRef, PyTuple, PyType};
 use python::{Python, ToPyPointer};
 use std::ffi::CStr;
 use std::os::raw::c_char;
 use std::{self, ops};
 use typeob::PyTypeObject;
+use types::{PyObjectRef, PyTuple, PyType};
+
+// Copyright (c) 2017-present PyO3 Project and Contributors
+
+/// Stringify a dotted path.
+#[doc(hidden)]
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! dot_stringify {
+    ($e:ident) => (
+        stringify!($e)
+    );
+    ($e:ident. $($es:ident).+) => (
+        concat!(stringify!($e), ".", dot_stringify!($($es).*))
+    );
+}
+
+/// Defines rust type for exception defined in Python code.
+///
+/// # Syntax
+/// `import_exception!(module, MyError)`
+///
+/// * `module` is the name of the containing module.
+/// * `MyError` is the name of the new exception type.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```
+/// #[macro_use] extern crate pyo3;
+///
+/// use pyo3::Python;
+/// use pyo3::types::PyDict;
+///
+/// import_exception!(socket, gaierror);
+///
+/// fn main() {
+///     let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
+///     let py = gil.python();
+///     let ctx = PyDict::new(py);
+///
+///     ctx.set_item("gaierror", py.get_type::<gaierror>()).unwrap();
+///     py.run("import socket; assert gaierror is socket.gaierror", None, Some(ctx)).unwrap();
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! import_exception {
+    ($($module:ident).+ , $name: ident) => {
+        #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+        pub struct $name;
+
+        impl ::std::convert::From<$name> for $crate::PyErr {
+            fn from(_err: $name) -> $crate::PyErr {
+                $crate::PyErr::new::<$name, _>(())
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<T> ::std::convert::Into<$crate::PyResult<T>> for $name {
+            fn into(self) -> $crate::PyResult<T> {
+                $crate::PyErr::new::<$name, _>(()).into()
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl $name {
+            pub fn py_err<T: $crate::ToPyObject + 'static>(args: T) -> $crate::PyErr
+                where Self: $crate::typeob::PyTypeObject + Sized
+            {
+                $crate::PyErr::new::<Self, T>(args)
+            }
+            pub fn into<R, T: $crate::ToPyObject + 'static>(args: T) -> $crate::PyResult<R>
+                where Self: $crate::typeob::PyTypeObject + Sized
+            {
+                $crate::PyErr::new::<Self, T>(args).into()
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl $crate::typeob::PyTypeObject for $name {
+            #[inline]
+            fn init_type() {}
+
+            #[inline]
+            fn type_object() -> $crate::Py<$crate::types::PyType> {
+                use $crate::IntoPyPointer;
+                static mut TYPE_OBJECT: *mut $crate::ffi::PyTypeObject = ::std::ptr::null_mut();
+
+                unsafe {
+                    if TYPE_OBJECT.is_null() {
+                        let gil = $crate::Python::acquire_gil();
+                        let py = gil.python();
+
+                        let imp = py.import(dot_stringify!($($module).*))
+                            .expect(concat!(
+                                "Can not import module: ", dot_stringify!($($module).*)));
+                        let cls = imp.get(stringify!($name))
+                            .expect(concat!(
+                                "Can not load exception class: {}.{}", dot_stringify!($($module).*),
+                                ".", stringify!($name)));
+                        TYPE_OBJECT = cls.into_ptr() as *mut $crate::ffi::PyTypeObject;
+                    }
+
+                    $crate::Py::from_borrowed_ptr(
+                        TYPE_OBJECT as *const _ as *mut $crate::ffi::PyObject)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
 
 macro_rules! exc_type (
     ($name:ident, $exc_name:ident) => (
@@ -193,3 +296,63 @@ pub mod socket {
     import_exception!(socket, gaierror);
     import_exception!(socket, timeout);
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use types::PyDict;
+    use {PyErr, Python};
+
+    import_exception!(socket, gaierror);
+    import_exception!(email.errors, MessageError);
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_check_exception() {
+        let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
+        let py = gil.python();
+
+        let err: PyErr = gaierror.into();
+        let socket = py
+            .import("socket")
+            .map_err(|e| e.print(py))
+            .expect("could not import socket");
+
+        let d = PyDict::new(py);
+        d.set_item("socket", socket)
+            .map_err(|e| e.print(py))
+            .expect("could not setitem");
+        d.set_item("exc", err)
+            .map_err(|e| e.print(py))
+            .expect("could not setitem");
+
+        py.run("assert isinstance(exc, socket.gaierror)", None, Some(d))
+            .map_err(|e| e.print(py))
+            .expect("assertion failed");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_check_exception_nested() {
+        let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
+        let py = gil.python();
+
+        let err: PyErr = MessageError.into();
+        let email = py
+            .import("email")
+            .map_err(|e| e.print(py))
+            .expect("could not import email");
+
+        let d = PyDict::new(py);
+        d.set_item("email", email)
+            .map_err(|e| e.print(py))
+            .expect("could not setitem");
+        d.set_item("exc", err)
+            .map_err(|e| e.print(py))
+            .expect("could not setitem");
+
+        py.run(
+            "assert isinstance(exc, email.errors.MessageError)",
+            None,
+            Some(d),
+        ).map_err(|e| e.print(py))
+        .expect("assertion failed");
+    }
+}

src/types/floatob.rs

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ use ffi;
 use instance::{Py, PyObjectWithToken};
 use object::PyObject;
 use objectprotocol::ObjectProtocol;
-use objects::PyObjectRef;
 use python::{Python, ToPyPointer};
 use std::os::raw::c_double;
+use types::PyObjectRef;
 use FromPyObject;
 use PyResult;
 

src/types/iterator.rs

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 use err::{PyDowncastError, PyErr, PyResult};
 use ffi;
 use instance::PyObjectWithToken;
-use objects::PyObjectRef;
 use python::{Python, ToPyPointer};
+use types::PyObjectRef;
 
 /// A python iterator object.
 ///
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ mod tests {
     use conversion::{PyTryFrom, ToPyObject};
     use instance::AsPyRef;
     use objectprotocol::ObjectProtocol;
-    use objects::{PyList, PyObjectRef};
     use python::Python;
     use pythonrun::GILPool;
+    use types::{PyList, PyObjectRef};
 
     #[test]
     fn vec_iter() {

src/types/list.rs

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ use err::{self, PyResult};
 use ffi::{self, Py_ssize_t};
 use instance::PyObjectWithToken;
 use object::PyObject;
-use objects::PyObjectRef;
 use python::{IntoPyPointer, Python, ToPyPointer};
+use types::PyObjectRef;
 
 /// Represents a Python `list`.
 #[repr(transparent)]
@@ -191,8 +191,8 @@ mod test {
     use conversion::{PyTryFrom, ToPyObject};
     use instance::AsPyRef;
     use objectprotocol::ObjectProtocol;
-    use objects::PyList;
     use python::Python;
+    use types::PyList;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_new() {

src/types/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2017-present PyO3 Project and Contributors
 
+//! Various types defined by the python interpreter such as `int`, `str` and `tuple`
+
 pub use self::boolobject::PyBool;
 pub use self::bytearray::PyByteArray;
 pub use self::complex::PyComplex;
@@ -11,7 +13,7 @@ pub use self::dict::PyDict;
 pub use self::floatob::PyFloat;
 pub use self::iterator::PyIterator;
 pub use self::list::PyList;
-pub use self::module::{make_module, PyModule};
+pub use self::module::PyModule;
 #[cfg(not(Py_3))]
 pub use self::num2::{PyInt, PyLong};
 #[cfg(Py_3)]
@@ -31,9 +33,6 @@ pub use self::typeobject::PyType;
 use ffi;
 use python::ToPyPointer;
 
-#[macro_use]
-mod exc_impl;
-
 /// Implements a typesafe conversions throught [FromPyObject], given a typecheck function as second
 /// parameter
 #[macro_export]
@@ -42,11 +41,11 @@ macro_rules! pyobject_downcast (
         impl<'a, $($type_param,)*> $crate::FromPyObject<'a> for &'a $name
         {
             /// Extracts `Self` from the source `PyObject`.
-            fn extract(ob: &'a $crate::PyObjectRef) -> $crate::PyResult<Self>
+            fn extract(ob: &'a $crate::types::PyObjectRef) -> $crate::PyResult<Self>
             {
                 unsafe {
                     if $checkfunction(ob.as_ptr()) != 0 {
-                        Ok(&*(ob as *const $crate::PyObjectRef as *const $name))
+                        Ok(&*(ob as *const $crate::types::PyObjectRef as *const $name))
                     } else {
                         Err($crate::PyDowncastError.into())
                     }
@@ -61,9 +60,9 @@ macro_rules! pyobject_native_type_named (
     ($name: ty $(,$type_param: ident)*) => {
         impl<$($type_param,)*> $crate::PyNativeType for $name {}
 
-        impl<$($type_param,)*> ::std::convert::AsRef<$crate::PyObjectRef> for $name {
+        impl<$($type_param,)*> ::std::convert::AsRef<$crate::types::PyObjectRef> for $name {
-            fn as_ref(&self) -> &$crate::PyObjectRef {
+            fn as_ref(&self) -> &$crate::types::PyObjectRef {
-                unsafe{&*(self as *const $name as *const $crate::PyObjectRef)}
+                unsafe{&*(self as *const $name as *const $crate::types::PyObjectRef)}
             }
         }
 
@@ -97,9 +96,9 @@ macro_rules! pyobject_native_type (
         pyobject_native_type_named!($name $(,$type_param)*);
         pyobject_native_type_convert!($name, $typeobject, $checkfunction $(,$type_param)*);
 
-        impl<'a, $($type_param,)*> ::std::convert::From<&'a $name> for &'a $crate::PyObjectRef {
+        impl<'a, $($type_param,)*> ::std::convert::From<&'a $name> for &'a $crate::types::PyObjectRef {
             fn from(ob: &'a $name) -> Self {
-                unsafe{&*(ob as *const $name as *const $crate::PyObjectRef)}
+                unsafe{&*(ob as *const $name as *const $crate::types::PyObjectRef)}
             }
         }
     };
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ macro_rules! pyobject_native_type_convert(
     ($name: ty, $typeobject: expr, $checkfunction: path $(,$type_param: ident)*) => {
         impl<$($type_param,)*> $crate::typeob::PyTypeInfo for $name {
             type Type = ();
-            type BaseType = $crate::PyObjectRef;
+            type BaseType = $crate::types::PyObjectRef;
 
             const NAME: &'static str = stringify!($name);
             const SIZE: usize = ::std::mem::size_of::<$crate::ffi::PyObject>();
@@ -121,7 +120,7 @@ macro_rules! pyobject_native_type_convert(
                 &mut $typeobject
             }
 
-            fn is_instance(ptr: &$crate::objects::PyObjectRef) -> bool {
+            fn is_instance(ptr: &$crate::types::PyObjectRef) -> bool {
                 #[allow(unused_unsafe)]
                 unsafe { $checkfunction(ptr.as_ptr()) > 0 }
             }
@@ -132,8 +131,8 @@ macro_rules! pyobject_native_type_convert(
             fn init_type() {}
 
             #[inline]
-            fn type_object() -> $crate::Py<$crate::PyType> {
+            fn type_object() -> $crate::Py<$crate::types::PyType> {
-                $crate::PyType::new::<$name>()
+                $crate::types::PyType::new::<$name>()
             }
         }
 
@@ -188,7 +187,7 @@ mod bytearray;
 mod complex;
 mod datetime;
 mod dict;
-pub mod exc;
+pub mod exceptions;
 mod floatob;
 mod iterator;
 mod list;

src/types/module.rs

@@ -5,18 +5,15 @@
 use conversion::{IntoPyTuple, ToPyObject};
 use err::{PyErr, PyResult};
 use ffi;
-use init_once;
 use instance::PyObjectWithToken;
 use object::PyObject;
 use objectprotocol::ObjectProtocol;
-use objects::{exc, PyDict, PyObjectRef, PyType};
 use python::{Python, ToPyPointer};
 use std::ffi::{CStr, CString};
 use std::os::raw::c_char;
-use std::ptr;
 use std::str;
 use typeob::{initialize_type, PyTypeInfo};
-use GILPool;
+use types::{exceptions, PyDict, PyObjectRef, PyType};
 
 /// Represents a Python `module` object.
 #[repr(transparent)]
@@ -84,11 +81,9 @@ impl PyModule {
             let slice = CStr::from_ptr(ptr).to_bytes();
             match str::from_utf8(slice) {
                 Ok(s) => Ok(s),
-                Err(e) => Err(PyErr::from_instance(exc::UnicodeDecodeError::new_utf8(
+                Err(e) => Err(PyErr::from_instance(
-                    self.py(),
+                    exceptions::UnicodeDecodeError::new_utf8(self.py(), slice, e)?,
-                    slice,
+                )),
-                    e,
-                )?)),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -194,90 +189,3 @@ impl PyModule {
         self.add(name.extract(self.py()).unwrap(), function)
     }
 }
-
-#[cfg(Py_3)]
-#[doc(hidden)]
-/// Builds a module (or null) from a user given initializer. Used for `#[pymodinit]`.
-pub unsafe fn make_module(
-    name: &str,
-    doc: &str,
-    initializer: impl Fn(Python, &PyModule) -> PyResult<()>,
-) -> *mut ffi::PyObject {
-    use python::IntoPyPointer;
-
-    init_once();
-
-    #[cfg(py_sys_config = "WITH_THREAD")]
-    // > Changed in version 3.7: This function is now called by Py_Initialize(), so you don’t have
-    // > to call it yourself anymore.
-    #[cfg(not(Py_3_7))]
-    ffi::PyEval_InitThreads();
-
-    static mut MODULE_DEF: ffi::PyModuleDef = ffi::PyModuleDef_INIT;
-    // We can't convert &'static str to *const c_char within a static initializer,
-    // so we'll do it here in the module initialization:
-    MODULE_DEF.m_name = name.as_ptr() as *const _;
-
-    let module = ffi::PyModule_Create(&mut MODULE_DEF);
-    if module.is_null() {
-        return module;
-    }
-
-    let _pool = GILPool::new();
-    let py = Python::assume_gil_acquired();
-    let module = match py.from_owned_ptr_or_err::<PyModule>(module) {
-        Ok(m) => m,
-        Err(e) => {
-            e.restore(py);
-            return ptr::null_mut();
-        }
-    };
-
-    module
-        .add("__doc__", doc)
-        .expect("Failed to add doc for module");
-    match initializer(py, module) {
-        Ok(_) => module.into_ptr(),
-        Err(e) => {
-            e.restore(py);
-            ptr::null_mut()
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(not(Py_3))]
-#[doc(hidden)]
-/// Builds a module (or null) from a user given initializer. Used for `#[pymodinit]`.
-pub unsafe fn make_module(
-    name: &str,
-    doc: &str,
-    initializer: impl Fn(Python, &PyModule) -> PyResult<()>,
-) {
-    init_once();
-
-    #[cfg(py_sys_config = "WITH_THREAD")]
-    ffi::PyEval_InitThreads();
-
-    let _name = name.as_ptr() as *const _;
-    let _pool = GILPool::new();
-    let py = Python::assume_gil_acquired();
-    let _module = ffi::Py_InitModule(_name, ptr::null_mut());
-    if _module.is_null() {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    let _module = match py.from_borrowed_ptr_or_err::<PyModule>(_module) {
-        Ok(m) => m,
-        Err(e) => {
-            e.restore(py);
-            return;
-        }
-    };
-
-    _module
-        .add("__doc__", doc)
-        .expect("Failed to add doc for module");
-    if let Err(e) = initializer(py, _module) {
-        e.restore(py)
-    }
-}

src/types/num2.rs

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ use err::{PyErr, PyResult};
 use ffi;
 use instance::{Py, PyObjectWithToken};
 use object::PyObject;
-use objects::{exc, PyObjectRef};
 use python::{IntoPyPointer, Python, ToPyPointer};
+use types::{exceptions, PyObjectRef};
 
 /// Represents a Python `int` object.
 ///
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ macro_rules! int_fits_c_long(
                 }
                 match cast::<c_long, $rust_type>(val) {
                     Some(v) => Ok(v),
-                    None => Err(exc::OverflowError.into())
+                    None => Err(exceptions::OverflowError.into())
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ macro_rules! int_convert_u64_or_i64 (
                     } else if ffi::PyInt_Check(ptr) != 0 {
                         match cast::<c_long, $rust_type>(ffi::PyInt_AS_LONG(ptr)) {
                             Some(v) => Ok(v),
-                            None => Err(exc::OverflowError.into())
+                            None => Err(exceptions::OverflowError.into())
                         }
                     } else {
                         let num = PyObject::from_owned_ptr_or_err(

src/types/num3.rs

@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ use err::{PyErr, PyResult};
 use ffi;
 use instance::PyObjectWithToken;
 use object::PyObject;
-use objects::{exc, PyObjectRef};
 use python::{Python, ToPyPointer};
 use std::i64;
 use std::os::raw::{c_long, c_uchar};
+use types::{exceptions, PyObjectRef};
 
 /// Represents a Python `int` object.
 ///
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ macro_rules! int_fits_c_long (
                 }?;
                 match cast::<c_long, $rust_type>(val) {
                     Some(v) => Ok(v),
-                    None => Err(exc::OverflowError.into())
+                    None => Err(exceptions::OverflowError.into())
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ mod test {
     macro_rules! test_common (
         ($test_mod_name:ident, $t:ty) => (
             mod $test_mod_name {
-                use objects::exc;
+                use types::exceptions;
                 use conversion::ToPyObject;
                 use python::Python;
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ mod test {
 
                     let obj = ("123").to_object(py);
                     let err = obj.extract::<$t>(py).unwrap_err();
-                    assert!(err.is_instance::<exc::TypeError>(py));
+                    assert!(err.is_instance::<exceptions::TypeError>(py));
                 }
 
                 #[test]
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ mod test {
 
                     let obj = (12.3).to_object(py);
                     let err = obj.extract::<$t>(py).unwrap_err();
-                    assert!(err.is_instance::<exc::TypeError>(py));
+                    assert!(err.is_instance::<exceptions::TypeError>(py));
                 }
 
                 #[test]

src/types/num_common.rs

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ macro_rules! int_fits_larger_int(
                 let val = try!($crate::objectprotocol::ObjectProtocol::extract::<$larger_type>(obj));
                 match cast::<$larger_type, $rust_type>(val) {
                     Some(v) => Ok(v),
-                    None => Err(exc::OverflowError.into())
+                    None => Err(exceptions::OverflowError.into())
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ mod test {
     fn test_u128_overflow() {
         use ffi;
         use object::PyObject;
-        use objects::exc;
         use std::os::raw::c_uchar;
+        use types::exceptions;
         let gil = Python::acquire_gil();
         let py = gil.python();
         let overflow_bytes: [c_uchar; 20] = [255; 20];
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ mod test {
             );
             let obj = PyObject::from_owned_ptr_or_panic(py, obj);
             let err = obj.extract::<u128>(py).unwrap_err();
-            assert!(err.is_instance::<exc::OverflowError>(py));
+            assert!(err.is_instance::<exceptions::OverflowError>(py));
         }
     }
 }

src/types/sequence.rs

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ use ffi::{self, Py_ssize_t};
 use instance::PyObjectWithToken;
 use object::PyObject;
 use objectprotocol::ObjectProtocol;
-use objects::{PyList, PyObjectRef, PyTuple};
 use python::ToPyPointer;
+use types::{PyList, PyObjectRef, PyTuple};
 
 /// Represents a reference to a python object supporting the sequence protocol.
 #[repr(transparent)]
@@ -313,8 +313,8 @@ mod test {
     use instance::AsPyRef;
     use object::PyObject;
     use objectprotocol::ObjectProtocol;
-    use objects::PySequence;
     use python::{Python, ToPyPointer};
+    use types::PySequence;
 
     fn get_object() -> PyObject {
         // Convenience function for getting a single unique object

src/types/string.rs

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ use err::{PyErr, PyResult};
 use ffi;
 use instance::{Py, PyObjectWithToken};
 use object::PyObject;
-use objects::PyObjectRef;
 use python::{Python, ToPyPointer};
+use types::PyObjectRef;
 
 /// Represents a Python `string`.
 #[repr(transparent)]
@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@ pyobject_native_type!(PyString, ffi::PyUnicode_Type, ffi::PyUnicode_Check);
 
 /// Represents a Python `unicode string`.
 /// Corresponds to `unicode` in Python 2, and `str` in Python 3.
-pub use PyString as PyUnicode;
+//pub use PyString as PyUnicode;
+
+pub struct PyUnicode();
 
 /// Represents a Python `byte` string.
 #[repr(transparent)]

src/types/stringdata.rs

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::{char, str};
 
 use err::{PyErr, PyResult};
-use objects::exc;
 use python::Python;
+use types::exceptions;
 
 /// Enum of possible Python string representations.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ impl<'a> PyStringData<'a> {
         match self {
             PyStringData::Utf8(data) => match str::from_utf8(data) {
                 Ok(s) => Ok(Cow::Borrowed(s)),
-                Err(e) => Err(PyErr::from_instance(exc::UnicodeDecodeError::new_utf8(
+                Err(e) => Err(PyErr::from_instance(
-                    py, data, e,
+                    exceptions::UnicodeDecodeError::new_utf8(py, data, e)?,
-                )?)),
+                )),
             },
             PyStringData::Latin1(data) => {
                 if data.iter().all(|&b| b.is_ascii()) {
@@ -67,13 +67,15 @@ impl<'a> PyStringData<'a> {
                 }
                 match String::from_utf16(data) {
                     Ok(s) => Ok(Cow::Owned(s)),
-                    Err(_) => Err(PyErr::from_instance(exc::UnicodeDecodeError::new_err(
+                    Err(_) => Err(PyErr::from_instance(
-                        py,
+                        exceptions::UnicodeDecodeError::new_err(
-                        cstr!("utf-16"),
+                            py,
-                        utf16_bytes(data),
+                            cstr!("utf-16"),
-                        0..2 * data.len(),
+                            utf16_bytes(data),
-                        cstr!("invalid utf-16"),
+                            0..2 * data.len(),
-                    )?)),
+                            cstr!("invalid utf-16"),
+                        )?,
+                    )),
                 }
             }
             PyStringData::Utf32(data) => {
@@ -82,13 +84,15 @@ impl<'a> PyStringData<'a> {
                 }
                 match data.iter().map(|&u| char::from_u32(u)).collect() {
                     Some(s) => Ok(Cow::Owned(s)),
-                    None => Err(PyErr::from_instance(exc::UnicodeDecodeError::new_err(
+                    None => Err(PyErr::from_instance(
-                        py,
+                        exceptions::UnicodeDecodeError::new_err(
-                        cstr!("utf-32"),
+                            py,
-                        utf32_bytes(data),
+                            cstr!("utf-32"),
-                        0..4 * data.len(),
+                            utf32_bytes(data),
-                        cstr!("invalid utf-32"),
+                            0..4 * data.len(),
-                    )?)),
+                            cstr!("invalid utf-32"),
+                        )?,
+                    )),
                 }
             }
         }

src/types/stringutils.rs

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ use conversion::{IntoPyObject, PyTryFrom, ToPyObject};
 use err::PyResult;
 use instance::PyObjectWithToken;
 use object::PyObject;
-use objects::{PyObjectRef, PyString};
 use python::Python;
 use std::borrow::Cow;
+use types::{PyObjectRef, PyString};
 use FromPyObject;
 
 /// Converts Rust `str` to Python object.

src/types/tuple.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 // Copyright (c) 2017-present PyO3 Project and Contributors
 
-use super::exc;
+use super::exceptions;
 use conversion::{FromPyObject, IntoPyObject, IntoPyTuple, PyTryFrom, ToPyObject};
 use err::{PyErr, PyResult};
 use ffi::{self, Py_ssize_t};
 use instance::{AsPyRef, Py, PyObjectWithToken};
 use object::PyObject;
-use objects::PyObjectRef;
 use python::{IntoPyPointer, Python, ToPyPointer};
 use std::slice;
+use types::PyObjectRef;
 
 /// Represents a Python `tuple` object.
 #[repr(transparent)]
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ fn wrong_tuple_length(t: &PyTuple, expected_length: usize) -> PyErr {
         expected_length,
         t.len()
     );
-    exc::ValueError::py_err(msg)
+    exceptions::ValueError::py_err(msg)
 }
 
 macro_rules! tuple_conversion ({$length:expr,$(($refN:ident, $n:tt, $T:ident)),+} => {
@@ -268,10 +268,10 @@ mod test {
     use conversion::{PyTryFrom, ToPyObject};
     use instance::AsPyRef;
     use objectprotocol::ObjectProtocol;
-    use objects::PyObjectRef;
     use python::Python;
     use std::collections::HashSet;
-    use PyTuple;
+    use types::PyObjectRef;
+    use types::PyTuple;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_new() {

tests/common.rs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ pub fn indoc(commands: &str) -> String {
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! py_run {
     ($py:expr, $val:expr, $code:expr) => {{
-        let d = PyDict::new($py);
+        let d = pyo3::types::PyDict::new($py);
         d.set_item(stringify!($val), &$val).unwrap();
         $py.run(&common::indoc($code), None, Some(d))
             .map_err(|e| {
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ macro_rules! py_assert {
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! py_expect_exception {
     ($py:expr, $val:ident, $code:expr, $err:ident) => {{
-        let d = PyDict::new($py);
+        let d = pyo3::types::PyDict::new($py);
         d.set_item(stringify!($val), &$val).unwrap();
         let res = $py.run($code, None, Some(d));
         let err = res.unwrap_err();
-        if !err.matches($py, $py.get_type::<exc::$err>()) {
+        if !err.matches($py, $py.get_type::<pyo3::exceptions::$err>()) {
             panic!(format!("Expected {} but got {:?}", stringify!($err), err))
         }
     }};

tests/test_arithmetics.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@
 
 extern crate pyo3;
 
+use pyo3::class::*;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3::types::PyObjectRef;
+use pyo3::PyObjectWithToken;
 
 #[macro_use]
 mod common;

tests/test_buffer_protocol.rs

@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@ extern crate pyo3;
 use std::os::raw::{c_int, c_void};
 use std::ptr;
 
-use pyo3::exc::BufferError;
+use pyo3::class::PyBufferProtocol;
+use pyo3::exceptions::BufferError;
 use pyo3::ffi;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3::types::PyDict;
 
 #[pyclass]
 struct TestClass {

tests/test_class_new.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 extern crate pyo3;
 
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3::PyRawObject;
 
 #[pyclass]
 struct EmptyClassWithNew {}

tests/test_datetime.rs

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 extern crate pyo3;
 
-use std::iter;
-
 use pyo3::ffi::*;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3::types::{PyDate, PyDateTime, PyDict, PyObjectRef, PyTime};
+use std::iter;
 
 fn _get_subclasses<'p>(
     py: &'p Python,
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ fn _get_subclasses<'p>(
 macro_rules! assert_check_exact {
     ($check_func:ident, $obj: expr) => {
         unsafe {
+            use pyo3::ToPyPointer;
             assert!($check_func(($obj).as_ptr()) != 0);
             assert!(concat_idents!($check_func, Exact)(($obj).as_ptr()) != 0);
         }
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ macro_rules! assert_check_exact {
 macro_rules! assert_check_only {
     ($check_func:ident, $obj: expr) => {
         unsafe {
+            use pyo3::ToPyPointer;
             assert!($check_func(($obj).as_ptr()) != 0);
             assert!(concat_idents!($check_func, Exact)(($obj).as_ptr()) == 0);
         }

tests/test_dunder.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,15 @@
 
 extern crate pyo3;
 
+use pyo3::class::{
+    PyContextProtocol, PyIterProtocol, PyMappingProtocol, PyObjectProtocol, PySequenceProtocol,
+};
+use pyo3::exceptions::{IndexError, ValueError};
 use pyo3::ffi;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3::python::ToPyPointer;
+use pyo3::types::{PyBytes, PyDict, PyObjectRef, PySlice, PyString, PyType};
+use pyo3::PyObjectWithToken;
 use std::{isize, iter};
 
 #[macro_use]
@@ -171,7 +178,7 @@ impl PySequenceProtocol for Sequence {
 
     fn __getitem__(&self, key: isize) -> PyResult<isize> {
         if key == 5 {
-            return Err(PyErr::new::<exc::IndexError, NoArgs>(NoArgs));
+            return Err(PyErr::new::<IndexError, NoArgs>(NoArgs));
         }
         Ok(key)
     }
@@ -369,7 +376,7 @@ impl<'p> PyContextProtocol<'p> for ContextManager {
         _traceback: Option<&'p PyObjectRef>,
     ) -> PyResult<bool> {
         self.exit_called = true;
-        if ty == Some(self.py().get_type::<exc::ValueError>()) {
+        if ty == Some(self.py().get_type::<ValueError>()) {
             Ok(true)
         } else {
             Ok(false)
@@ -435,7 +442,7 @@ impl<'p> PyMappingProtocol<'p> for Test {
                 return Ok("int".into_object(self.py()));
             }
         }
-        Err(PyErr::new::<exc::ValueError, _>("error"))
+        Err(PyErr::new::<ValueError, _>("error"))
     }
 }
 

tests/test_gc.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,16 @@
 
 extern crate pyo3;
 
+use pyo3::class::PyGCProtocol;
+use pyo3::class::PyTraverseError;
+use pyo3::class::PyVisit;
 use pyo3::ffi;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3::python::ToPyPointer;
+use pyo3::types::PyObjectRef;
+use pyo3::types::PyTuple;
+use pyo3::PyObjectWithToken;
+use pyo3::PyRawObject;
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 use std::sync::Arc;

tests/test_inheritance.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 extern crate pyo3;
 
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3::types::PyDict;
 use std::isize;
 
 #[macro_use]

tests/test_methods.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 extern crate pyo3;
 
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3::types::{PyDict, PyString, PyTuple, PyType};
+use pyo3::PyObjectWithToken;
+use pyo3::PyRawObject;
 
 #[macro_use]
 mod common;

tests/test_module.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 extern crate pyo3;
 
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3::types::PyDict;
 
 #[macro_use]
 mod common;

tests/test_various.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 extern crate pyo3;
 
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3::types::PyDict;
 use std::isize;
 
 #[macro_use]