pyo3/src/argparse.rs

// Copyright (c) 2015 Daniel Grunwald
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this
// software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software
// without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
// publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons
// to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
// substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
// INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
// PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
// FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

//! This module contains logic for parsing a python argument list.
//! See also the macros `py_argparse!`, `py_fn!` and `py_method!`.

use std::ptr;
use python::{Python, PythonObject};
use objects::{PyObject, PyTuple, PyDict, PyString, exc};
use conversion::ToPyObject;
use ffi;
use err::{self, PyResult};

/// Description of a python parameter; used for `parse_args()`.
pub struct ParamDescription<'a> {
    /// The name of the parameter.
    pub name: &'a str,
    /// Whether the parameter is optional.
    pub is_optional: bool
}

/// Parse argument list
///
/// * fname:  Name of the current function
/// * params: Declared parameters of the function
/// * args:   Positional arguments
/// * kwargs: Keyword arguments
/// * output: Output array that receives the arguments.
///           Must have same length as `params` and must be initialized to `None`.
pub fn parse_args(
    py: Python,
    fname: Option<&str>, params: &[ParamDescription],
    args: &PyTuple, kwargs: Option<&PyDict>,
    output: &mut[Option<PyObject>]
) -> PyResult<()>
{
    assert!(params.len() == output.len());
    let nargs = args.len(py);
    let nkeywords = kwargs.map_or(0, |d| d.len(py));
    if nargs + nkeywords > params.len() {
        return Err(err::PyErr::new::<exc::TypeError, _>(py,
            format!("{}{} takes at most {} argument{} ({} given)",
                    fname.unwrap_or("function"),
                    if fname.is_some() { "()" } else { "" },
                    params.len(),
                    if params.len() == 1 { "s" } else { "" },
                    nargs + nkeywords
                )));
    }
    let mut used_keywords = 0;
    // Iterate through the parameters and assign values to output:
    for (i, (p, out)) in params.iter().zip(output).enumerate() {
        match kwargs.and_then(|d| d.get_item(py, p.name)) {
            Some(kwarg) => {
                *out = Some(kwarg);
                used_keywords += 1;
                if i < nargs {
                    return Err(err::PyErr::new::<exc::TypeError, _>(py,
                        format!("Argument given by name ('{}') and position ({})",
                                p.name, i+1)));
                }
            },
            None => {
                if i < nargs {
                    *out = Some(args.get_item(py, i));
                } else {
                    *out = None;
                    if !p.is_optional {
                        return Err(err::PyErr::new::<exc::TypeError, _>(py,
                            format!("Required argument ('{}') (pos {}) not found",
                                    p.name, i+1)));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if used_keywords != nkeywords {
        // check for extraneous keyword arguments
        for (key, _value) in kwargs.unwrap().items(py) {
            let key = try!(PyString::extract(py, &key));
            if !params.iter().any(|p| p.name == key) {
                return Err(err::PyErr::new::<exc::TypeError, _>(py,
                    format!("'{}' is an invalid keyword argument for this function",
                            key)));
            }
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

#[doc(hidden)]
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! py_argparse_extract {
    ( $py:ident, $iter:expr, ( ) $body:block ) => { $body };
    ( $py:ident, $iter:expr, ( $pname:ident : $ptype:ty ) $body:block) => {
        match <$ptype as $crate::ExtractPyObject>::prepare_extract($py, $iter.next().unwrap().as_ref().unwrap()) {
            Ok(prepared) => {
                match <$ptype as $crate::ExtractPyObject>::extract($py, &prepared) {
                    Ok($pname) => $body,
                    Err(e) => Err(e)
                }
            },
            Err(e) => Err(e)
        }
    };
    ( $py: ident, $iter:expr, ( $pname:ident : $ptype:ty , $($r:tt)+ ) $body:block) => {
        py_argparse_extract!($py, $iter, ($pname: $ptype) {
            py_argparse_extract!( $py, $iter, ( $($r)* ) $body)
        })
    }
}

#[doc(hidden)]
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! py_argparse_snd {
    ( $fst:expr, $snd:expr ) => { $snd }
}

/// This macro is used to parse a parameter list into a set of variables.
/// 
/// Syntax: `py_argparse!(py, fname, args, kwargs, (parameter-list) { body })`
///
/// * `py`: the `Python` token
/// * `fname`: expression of type `Option<&str>`: Name of the function used in error messages.
/// * `args`: expression of type `&PyTuple`: The position arguments
/// * `kwargs`: expression of type `Option<&PyDict>`: The named arguments
/// * `parameter-list`: a comma-separated list of Rust parameter declarations (`name: type`).
///   The types used must implement the `ExtractPyObject` trait.
/// * `body`: expression of type `PyResult<_>`.
///
/// `py_argparse!()` expands to code that extracts values from `args` and `kwargs` and assigns
/// them to the parameters. If the extraction is successful, `py_argparse!()` evaluates
/// the body expression (where the extracted parameters are available) and returns the result
/// value of the body expression.
/// If extraction fails, `py_argparse!()` returns a failed `PyResult` without evaluating `body`.
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! py_argparse {
    // main py_argparse!() macro
    ($py:expr, $fname:expr, $args:expr, $kwargs:expr, ($( $pname:ident : $ptype:ty ),*) $body:block) => {{
        const PARAMS: &'static [$crate::argparse::ParamDescription<'static>] = &[
            $(
                $crate::argparse::ParamDescription {
                    name: stringify!($pname),
                    is_optional: false
                }
            ),*
        ];
        let py: $crate::Python = $py;
        let mut output = [$( py_argparse_snd!($pname, None) ),*];
        match $crate::argparse::parse_args(py, $fname, PARAMS, $args, $kwargs, &mut output) {
            Ok(()) => {
                // We can't use experimental slice pattern syntax in macros
                //let &[$(ref $pname),*] = &output;
                let mut iter = output.iter();
                let ret = py_argparse_extract!( py, iter, ( $( $pname : $ptype ),* ) $body );
                assert!(iter.next() == None);
                ret
            },
            Err(e) => Err(e)
        }
    }};
}

#[macro_export]
#[doc(hidden)]
macro_rules! py_argparse_declare_item_in_impl {
    // argparse_declare_item_in_impl!({implhead} {head} (params) (,plist,) {tail} )
    //   = implhead { head(params, pname:ptype...) tail }

    { {$($implhead:tt)*} {$($head:tt)*} $params:tt ( $(,)* ) {$($tail:tt)*} } => {
        py_coerce_item!{ 
            $($implhead)* {
                $($head)* $params $($tail)*
            }
        }
    };
    { $implhead:tt $head:tt ($($params:tt)*) ( ,$pname:ident : $ptype:ty, $($r:tt)* ) $tail:tt } => {
        py_argparse_declare_item_in_impl!( $implhead $head ($($params)* , $pname : $ptype) ( ,$($r)* ) $tail)
    };
}


#[macro_export]
#[doc(hidden)]
macro_rules! py_argparse_call_with_names {
    // py_argparse_call_with_names!(f, (lhs) (,plist,))
    //   = f(lhs, pnames...)

    ( $f:expr, $lhs:tt ( $(,)* )) => (
        py_coerce_expr!{ $f $lhs }
    );
    ( $f:expr, ($($lhs:tt)*) ( ,$pname:ident : $ptype:ty, $($r:tt)* )) => {
        py_argparse_call_with_names!( $f, ($($lhs)* , $pname) ( ,$($r)* ))
    };
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use python::{Python, PythonObject};
    use conversion::ToPyObject;

    #[test]
    pub fn test_parse() {
        let gil_guard = Python::acquire_gil();
        let py = gil_guard.python();
        let mut called = false;
        let tuple = ("abc", 42).to_py_object(py);
        py_argparse!(py, None, &tuple, None, (x: &str, y: i32) {
            assert_eq!(x, "abc");
            assert_eq!(y, 42);
            called = true;
            Ok(())
        }).unwrap();
        assert!(called);
    }
}