open-vault/website/content/docs/secrets/pki/quick-start-intermediate-ca.mdx
Alexander Scheel 92dbe3b22a
Fix Learn->Tutorial in internal PKI docs (#15531)
Signed-off-by: Alexander Scheel <alex.scheel@hashicorp.com>
2022-05-23 11:53:13 -04:00

273 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext

---
layout: docs
page_title: 'PKI - Secrets Engines: Quick Start: Intermediate CA Setup'
description: The PKI secrets engine for Vault generates TLS certificates.
---
# PKI Secrets Engine - Quick Start - Intermediate CA Setup
In the [first Quick Start guide](/docs/secrets/pki/quick-start-root-ca),
certificates were issued directly from the root certificate authority.
As described in the example, this is not a recommended practice. This guide
builds on the previous guide's root certificate authority and creates an
intermediate authority using the root authority to sign the intermediate's
certificate.
#### Mount the backend
To add another certificate authority to our Vault instance, we have to mount it
at a different path.
```shell-session
$ vault secrets enable -path=pki_int pki
Successfully mounted 'pki' at 'pki_int'!
```
#### Configure an Intermediate CA
```shell-session
$ vault secrets tune -max-lease-ttl=43800h pki_int
Successfully tuned mount 'pki_int'!
```
That sets the maximum TTL for secrets issued from the mount to 5 years. This
value should be less than or equal to the root certificate authority.
Now, we generate our intermediate certificate signing request:
```shell-session
$ vault write pki_int/intermediate/generate/internal common_name="myvault.com Intermediate Authority" ttl=43800h
Key Value
csr -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----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-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
```
Take the signing request from the intermediate authority and sign it using
another certificate authority, in this case the root certificate authority
generated in the first example.
```shell-session
$ vault write pki/root/sign-intermediate csr=@pki_int.csr format=pem_bundle ttl=43800h
Key Value
certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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zimZDu6WjWvvgkKcJqJEbOOS9DWBvCTdmmml1NMXZtcytpod2Y7mxninqNRx3qpx
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YmChIML/f++S
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
expiration 1669568873
issuing_ca -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIDNTCCAh2gAwIBAgIUdR44qhhyh3CZjnCtflGKQlTI8NswDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
BQAwFjEUMBIGA1UEAxMLbXl2YXVsdC5jb20wHhcNMTcxMTI4MTYxODA2WhcNMjcx
MTI2MTYxODM1WjAWMRQwEgYDVQQDEwtteXZhdWx0LmNvbTCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcN
AQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBANTPnQ2CUkuLrYT4V6/IIK/gWFZXFG4lWTmgM5Zh
PDquMhLEikZCbZKbupouBI8MOr5i8tycENaTnSs9dBwVEOWAHbLkliVgvCKgLi0F
PfPM87FnBoKVctO2ip8AdmYcAt/wc096dWBG6eKLVP5xsAe7NcYDtF/inHgEZ22q
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nDRdJi6k6ewk94c0KK2tUUM/TN6ZSRfx6ccgfPH8zNcVPVcCAwEAAaN7MHkwDgYD
VR0PAQH/BAQDAgEGMA8GA1UdEwEB/wQFMAMBAf8wHQYDVR0OBBYEFFxywIBGqzfB
AONbskw1dLqlaUVIMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFFxywIBGqzfBAONbskw1dLqlaUVIMBYG
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MDVhOP116M5HJfQlRPVd29qS8pFrjBvXKjJSnJNG1UFdrWBJRJ3QrBxUQALKrJlR
g5lvTeymHjS/
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
serial_number 10:dc:50:0f:b2:88:26:2d:73:13:f8:c4:89:8a:80:1b:55:42:e0:dc
```
Now set the intermediate certificate authorities signing certificate to the
root-signed certificate.
```shell-session
$ vault write pki_int/intermediate/set-signed certificate=@signed_certificate.pem
Success! Data written to: pki_int/intermediate/set-signed
```
The intermediate certificate authority is now configured and ready to issue
certificates.
#### Set URL configuration
Generated certificates can have the CRL location and the location of the
issuing certificate encoded. These values must be set manually, but can be
changed at any time.
```shell-session
$ vault write pki_int/config/urls issuing_certificates="http://127.0.0.1:8200/v1/pki_int/ca" crl_distribution_points="http://127.0.0.1:8200/v1/pki_int/crl"
Success! Data written to: pki_int/ca/urls
```
#### Configure a role
The next step is to configure a role. A role is a logical name that maps to a
policy used to generate those credentials. For example, let's create an
"example-dot-com" role:
```shell-session
$ vault write pki_int/roles/example-dot-com \
allowed_domains=example.com \
allow_subdomains=true max_ttl=72h
Success! Data written to: pki_int/roles/example-dot-com
```
#### Issue Certificates
By writing to the `roles/example-dot-com` path we are defining the
`example-dot-com` role. To generate a new certificate, we simply write
to the `issue` endpoint with that role name: Vault is now configured to create
and manage certificates!
```shell-session
$ vault write pki_int/issue/example-dot-com \
common_name=blah.example.com
Key Value
--- -----
certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIDbDCCAlSgAwIBAgIUPiAyxq+nIE6xlWf7hrzLkPQxtvMwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
BQAwMzExMC8GA1UEAxMoVmF1bHQgVGVzdGluZyBJbnRlcm1lZGlhdGUgU3ViIEF1
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2ekZoSeCgFRDlHGkr7Vv9w==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
issuing_ca -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIDijCCAnKgAwIBAgIUB28DoGwgGFKL7fbOu9S4FalHLn0wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
BQAwLzEtMCsGA1UEAxMkVmF1bHQgVGVzdGluZyBJbnRlcm1lZGlhdGUgQXV0aG9y
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wsOledU0fLl8KLq8W3OXqJwhGLK65fscrP0/omPAcFgzXf+L4VUADM4XhW6Xyg==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
ca_chain [-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIDijCCAnKgAwIBAgIUB28DoGwgGFKL7fbOu9S4FalHLn0wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
BQAwLzEtMCsGA1UEAxMkVmF1bHQgVGVzdGluZyBJbnRlcm1lZGlhdGUgQXV0aG9y
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wsOledU0fLl8KLq8W3OXqJwhGLK65fscrP0/omPAcFgzXf+L4VUADM4XhW6Xyg==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----]
private_key -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIIEpgIBAAKCAQEAyQGAdOCFXZkgv04pmgOgW15b4AU2Ry+cAVE5juIh4Xpy9Hgx
F1XthXe2Ku+S4gSZnAveoSm6oea8EvCsDfRJWSOdv5kjAviL6DZWBwH+7IcH7I61
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MMhhpYny9+7rAlemM8ZJIqtvAoGBAKOI3zpKDNCdd98A4v7B7H2usZUIJ7gOTZDo
XqiNyRENWb2PK6GNq/e6SrxvuclvyKA+zFnXULJoYtsj7tAH69lieGaOCc5uoRgZ
eBU7/euMj/McE6vEO3GgJawaJYCQi3uJMjvA+bp7i81+hehOfU5ZfmmbFaZSBoMh
u+U5Vu3tAoGBANnBIbHfD3E7rqnqdpH1oRRHLA1VdghzEKgyUTPHNDzPJG87RY3c
rRqeXepblud3qFjD60xS9BzcBijOvZ4+KHk6VIMpkyqoeNVFCJbBVCw+JGMp88+v
e9t+2iwryh5+rnq+pg6anmgwHldptJc1XEFZA2UUQ89RP7kOGQF6IkIS
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
private_key_type rsa
serial_number 3e:20:32:c6:af:a7:20:4e:b1:95:67:fb:86:bc:cb:90:f4:31:b6:f3
```
Vault has now generated a new set of credentials using the `example-dot-com`
role configuration. Here we see the dynamically generated private key and
certificate. The issuing CA certificate and CA trust chain are returned as well.
The CA Chain returns all the intermediate authorities in the trust chain. The root
authority is not included since that will usually be trusted by the underlying
OS.
## Tutorial
Refer to the [Build Your Own Certificate Authority (CA)](https://learn.hashicorp.com/vault/secrets-management/sm-pki-engine)
guide for a step-by-step tutorial.
Have a look at the [PKI Secrets Engine with Managed Keys](https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/vault/managed-key-pki?in=vault/enterprise)
for more about how to use externally managed keys with PKI.
## API
The PKI secrets engine has a full HTTP API. Please see the
[PKI secrets engine API](/api-docs/secret/pki) for more
details.