Filipe Varela a5a480551c Makes naming consistent w/ other storage backends (ie: etcd)

2017-07-31 15:18:07 +01:00

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layout	page_title	sidebar_current	description
docs	Server Configuration	docs-config	Vault server configuration reference.

Server Configuration

Outside of development mode, Vault servers are configured using a file. The format of this file is HCL or JSON. An example configuration is shown below:

backend "consul" {
  address = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  path = "vault"
}

listener "tcp" {
  address = "127.0.0.1:8200"
  tls_disable = 1
}

telemetry {
  statsite_address = "127.0.0.1:8125"
  disable_hostname = true
}

After the configuration is written, use the -config flag with vault server to specify where the configuration is.

Starting with 0.5.2, limited configuration options can be changed on-the-fly by sending a SIGHUP to the server process. These are denoted below.

Reference

backend (required) - Configures the storage backend where Vault data is stored. There are multiple options available for storage backends, and they're documented below.
ha_backend (optional) - Configures the storage backend where Vault HA coordination will take place. Must be an HA-supporting backend using the configuration options as documented below. If not set, HA will be attempted on the backend given in the backend parameter.
cluster_name (optional) - An identifier for your Vault cluster. If omitted, Vault will generate a value for cluster_name. If connecting to Vault Enterprise, this value will be used in the interface.
listener (required) - Configures how Vault is listening for API requests. "tcp" and "atlas" are valid values. A full reference for the inner syntax is below.
cache_size (optional) - If set, the size of the read cache used by the physical storage subsystem will be set to this value. The value is in number of entries so the total cache size is dependent on the entries being stored. Defaults to 32k entries.
disable_cache (optional) - A boolean. If true, this will disable all caches within Vault, including the read cache used by the physical storage subsystem. This will very significantly impact performance.
disable_mlock (optional) - A boolean. If true, this will disable the server from executing the mlock syscall to prevent memory from being swapped to disk. This is not recommended in production (see below).
telemetry (optional) - Configures the telemetry reporting system (see below).
default_lease_ttl (optional) - Configures the default lease duration for tokens and secrets. This is a string value using a suffix, e.g. "768h". Default value is 32 days. This value cannot be larger than max_lease_ttl.
max_lease_ttl (optional) - Configures the maximum possible lease duration for tokens and secrets. This is a string value using a suffix, e.g. "768h". Default value is 32 days.
ui (optional, Vault Enterprise only) - If set true, enables the built-in web-based UI. Once enabled, the UI will be available to browsers at the standard Vault address.

In production it is a risk to run Vault on systems where mlock is unavailable or the setting has been disabled via the disable_mlock. Disabling mlock is not recommended unless the systems running Vault only use encrypted swap or do not use swap at all. Vault only supports memory locking on UNIX-like systems (Linux, FreeBSD, Darwin, etc). Non-UNIX like systems (e.g. Windows, NaCL, Android) lack the primitives to keep a process's entire memory address space from spilling to disk and is therefore automatically disabled on unsupported platforms.

On Linux, to give the Vault executable the ability to use the mlock syscall without running the process as root, run:

sudo setcap cap_ipc_lock=+ep $(readlink -f $(which vault))

Listener Reference

For the listener section, the only required listener is "tcp". Regardless of future plans, this is the recommended listener, as it allows for HA mode. If you wish to use the Vault Enterprise interface in HashiCorp Atlas, you may add an "atlas" listener block in addition to the "tcp" one.

The supported options are:

address (optional) - The address to bind to for listening. This defaults to "127.0.0.1:8200".
cluster_address (optional) - The address to bind to for cluster server-to-server requests. This defaults to one port higher than the value of address, so with the default value of address, this would be "127.0.0.1:8201".
tls_disable (optional) - If true, then TLS will be disabled. This will parse as boolean value, and can be set to "0", "no", "false", "1", "yes", or "true". This is an opt-in; Vault assumes by default that TLS will be used.
tls_cert_file (required unless disabled) - The path to the certificate for TLS. To configure the listener to use a CA certificate, concatenate the primary certificate and the CA certificate together. The primary certificate should appear first in the combined file. This is reloaded via SIGHUP.
tls_key_file (required unless disabled) - The path to the private key for the certificate. This is reloaded via SIGHUP.
tls_min_version (optional) - (Vault > 0.2) If provided, specifies the minimum supported version of TLS. Accepted values are "tls10", "tls11" or "tls12". This defaults to "tls12". WARNING: TLS 1.1 and lower are generally considered less secure; avoid using these if possible.

Connecting to Vault Enterprise in HashiCorp Atlas

Adding an "atlas" block will initiate a long-running connection to the SCADA service. The SCADA connection allows the Vault Enterprise interface to securely communicate with and operate on your Vault cluster.

The "atlas" listener supports these options:

endpoint (optional) - The endpoint address used for Vault Enterprise interface integration. Defaults to the public Vault Enterprise endpoints on Atlas.
infrastructure (required) - Used to provide the Atlas infrastructure name and the SCADA connection. The format of this is username/environment.
node_id (required) - The identifier for an individual node—used in the Vault Enterprise dashboard.
token (required) - A token from Atlas used to authenticate SCADA session. Generate one in the Atlas.

Additionally, the cluster_name config option will be used to identify your cluster members inside the infrastructure in the Vault Enterprise interface. It is important for operators to use the same value for cluster_name across cluster members because Vault overwrites this value internally on instance instantiation.

This allows the connection of multiple clusters to a single infrastructure.

For more on Vault Enterprise, see the help documentation.

Telemetry Reference

For the telemetry section, there is no resource name. All configuration is within the object itself.

statsite_address (optional) - An address to a Statsite instance for metrics. This is highly recommended for production usage.
statsd_address (optional) - This is the same as statsite_address but for StatsD.
disable_hostname (optional) - Whether or not to prepend runtime telemetry with the machines hostname. This is a global option. Defaults to false.
circonus_api_token A valid Circonus API Token used to create/manage check. If provided, metric management is enabled.
circonus_api_app A valid app name associated with the API token. By default, this is set to "consul".
circonus_api_url The base URL to use for contacting the Circonus API. By default, this is set to "https://api.circonus.com/v2".
circonus_submission_interval The interval at which metrics are submitted to Circonus. By default, this is set to "10s" (ten seconds).
circonus_submission_url The check.config.submission_url field, of a Check API object, from a previously created HTTPTRAP check.
circonus_check_id The Check ID (not check bundle) from a previously created HTTPTRAP check. The numeric portion of the check._cid field in the Check API object.
circonus_check_force_metric_activation Force activation of metrics which already exist and are not currently active. If check management is enabled, the default behavior is to add new metrics as they are encountered. If the metric already exists in the check, it will not be activated. This setting overrides that behavior. By default, this is set to "false".
circonus_check_instance_id Serves to uniquely identify the metrics coming from this instance. It can be used to maintain metric continuity with transient or ephemeral instances as they move around within an infrastructure. By default, this is set to hostname:application name (e.g. "host123:vault").
circonus_check_search_tag A special tag which, when coupled with the instance id, helps to narrow down the search results when neither a Submission URL or Check ID is provided. By default, this is set to service:app (e.g. "service:vault").
circonus_check_display_name Specifies a name to give a check when it is created. This name is displayed in the Circonus UI Checks list.
circonus_check_tags Comma separated list of additional tags to add to a check when it is created.
circonus_broker_id The ID of a specific Circonus Broker to use when creating a new check. The numeric portion of broker._cid field in a Broker API object. If metric management is enabled and neither a Submission URL nor Check ID is provided, an attempt will be made to search for an existing check using Instance ID and Search Tag. If one is not found, a new HTTPTRAP check will be created. By default, this is not used and a random Enterprise Broker is selected, or, the default Circonus Public Broker.
circonus_broker_select_tag A special tag which will be used to select a Circonus Broker when a Broker ID is not provided. The best use of this is to as a hint for which broker should be used based on where this particular instance is running (e.g. a specific geo location or datacenter, dc:sfo). By default, this is not used.

Backend Reference

For the backend section, the supported physical backends are shown below. Vault requires that the backend itself will be responsible for backups, durability, etc.

Please note: The only physical backends actively maintained by HashiCorp are consul, inmem, and file. The other backends are community-derived and community-supported. We include them in the hope that they will be useful to those users that wish to utilize them, but they receive minimal validation and testing from HashiCorp, and HashiCorp staff may not be knowledgeable about the data store being utilized. If you encounter problems with them, we will attempt to help you, but may refer you to the backend author.

consul - Store data within Consul. This backend supports HA. It is the most recommended backend for Vault and has been shown to work at high scale under heavy load.
etcd - Store data within etcd. This backend supports HA. This is a community-supported backend.
zookeeper - Store data within Zookeeper. This backend supports HA. This is a community-supported backend.
dynamodb - Store data in a DynamoDB table. This backend optionally supports HA. This is a community-supported backend.
s3 - Store data within an S3 bucket S3. This backend does not support HA. This is a community-supported backend.
gcs - Store data within a Google Cloud Storage bucket. This backend does not support HA. This is a community-supported backend.
azure - Store data in an Azure Storage container Azure. This backend does not support HA. This is a community-supported backend.
swift - Store data within an OpenStack Swift container Swift. This backend does not support HA. This is a community-supported backend.
mysql - Store data within MySQL. This backend does not support HA. This is a community-supported backend.
postgresql - Store data within PostgreSQL. This backend does not support HA. This is a community-supported backend.
cassandra – Store data within Cassandra. This backend does not support HA. This is a community-supported backend.
inmem - Store data in-memory. This is only really useful for development and experimentation. Data is lost whenever Vault is restarted.
file - Store data on the filesystem using a directory structure. This backend does not support HA.

High Availability Options

All HA backends support the following options. These are discussed in much more detail in the High Availability concepts page.

redirect_addr (required) - This is the address to advertise to other Vault servers in the cluster for client redirection. This can also be set via the VAULT_REDIRECT_ADDR environment variable, which takes precedence. Some HA backends may be able to autodetect this value, but if not it is required to be manually specified.
cluster_addr (optional) - This is the address to advertise to other Vault servers in the cluster for request forwarding. This can also be set via the VAULT_CLUSTER_ADDR environment variable, which takes precedence.
disable_clustering (optional) - This controls whether clustering features (currently, request forwarding) are enabled. Setting this on a node will disable these features when that node is the active node.

Backend Reference: Consul

For Consul, the following options are supported:

path (optional) - The path within Consul where data will be stored. Defaults to "vault/".
address (optional) - The address of the Consul agent to talk to. Defaults to the local agent address, if available.
scheme (optional) - "http" or "https" for talking to Consul.
check_timeout (optional) - The check interval used to send health check information to Consul. Defaults to "5s".
disable_registration (optional) - If true, then Vault will not register itself with Consul. Defaults to "false".
service (optional) - The name of the service to register with Consul. Defaults to "vault".
service_tags (optional) - Comma separated list of tags that are to be applied to the service that gets registered with Consul.
token (optional) - An access token to use to write data to Consul.
max_parallel (optional) - The maximum number of concurrent requests to Consul. Defaults to "128".
tls_skip_verify (optional) - If non-empty, then TLS host verification will be disabled for Consul communication. Defaults to false.
tls_min_version (optional) - Minimum TLS version to use. Accepted values are 'tls10', 'tls11' or 'tls12'. Defaults to 'tls12'.

The following settings should be set according to your Consul encryption settings:

tls_ca_file (optional) - The path to the CA certificate used for Consul communication. Defaults to system bundle if not specified. Set accordingly to the ca_file setting in Consul.
tls_cert_file (optional) - The path to the certificate for Consul communication. Set accordingly to the cert_file setting in Consul.
tls_key_file (optional) - The path to the private key for Consul communication. Set accordingly to the key_file setting in Consul.

// Sample Consul Backend configuration with local Consul Agent
backend "consul" {
  // address MUST match Consul's `addresses.http` config value (or
  // `addresses.https` depending on the scheme provided below).
  address = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  #address = "unix:///tmp/.consul.http.sock"

  // scheme defaults to "http" (suitable for loopback and UNIX sockets), but
  // should be "https" when Consul exists on a remote node (a non-standard
  // deployment).  All decryption happen within Vault so this value does not
  // change Vault's Threat Model.
  scheme = "http"

  // token is a Consul ACL Token that has write privileges to the path
  // specified below.  Use of a Consul ACL Token is a best pracitce.
  token = "[redacted]" // Vault's Consul ACL Token

  // path must be writable by the Consul ACL Token
  path = "vault/"
}

Once properly configured, an unsealed Vault installation should be available on the network at active.vault.service.consul. Unsealed Vault instances in the standby state are available at standby.vault.service.consul. All unsealed Vault instances are available as healthy in the vault.service.consul pool. Sealed Vault instances will mark themselves as critical to avoid showing up by default in Consul's service discovery.

% dig active.vault.service.consul srv
; <<>> DiG 9.8.3-P1 <<>> active.vault.service.consul srv
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 11331
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;active.vault.service.consul.   IN      SRV

;; ANSWER SECTION:
active.vault.service.consul. 0  IN      SRV     1 1 8200 vault1.node.dc1.consul.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
vault1.node.dc1.consul.      0  IN      A       172.17.33.46

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
;; WHEN: Sat Apr 23 17:33:14 2016
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 172
% dig +short standby.vault.service.consul srv
1 1 8200 vault3.node.dc1.consul.
1 1 8200 vault2.node.dc1.consul.
% dig +short vault.service.consul srv
1 1 8200 vault3.node.dc1.consul.
1 1 8200 vault1.node.dc1.consul.
1 1 8200 vault2.node.dc1.consul.
% dig +short vault.service.consul a
172.17.33.46
172.17.34.32
172.17.35.29
vault1% vault seal
% dig +short vault.service.consul srv
1 1 8200 vault3.node.dc1.consul.
1 1 8200 vault2.node.dc1.consul.
vault1% vault unseal
Key (will be hidden):
Sealed: false
Key Shares: 5
Key Threshold: 3
Unseal Progress: 0
% dig +short vault.service.consul srv
1 1 8200 vault1.node.dc1.consul.
1 1 8200 vault3.node.dc1.consul.
1 1 8200 vault2.node.dc1.consul.

Backend Reference: etcd (Community-Supported)

For etcd, the following options are supported:

path (optional) - The path within etcd where data will be stored. Defaults to "vault/".
address (optional) - The address(es) of the etcd instance(s) to talk to. Can be comma separated list (protocol://host:port) of many etcd instances. Defaults to "http://localhost:2379" if not specified. May also be specified via the ETCD_ADDR environment variable.
sync (optional) - Should we synchronize the list of available etcd servers on startup? This is a string value to allow for auto-sync to be implemented later. It can be set to "0", "no", "n", "false", "1", "yes", "y", or "true". Defaults to on. Set to false if your etcd cluster is behind a proxy server and syncing causes Vault to fail.
ha_enabled (optional) - Setting this to "1", "t", or "true" will enable HA mode. This is currently known broken. This option can also be provided via the environment variable ETCD_HA_ENABLED. If you are upgrading from a version of Vault where HA support was enabled by default, it is very important that you set this parameter before upgrading!
username (optional) - Username to use when authenticating with the etcd server. May also be specified via the ETCD_USERNAME environment variable.
password (optional) - Password to use when authenticating with the etcd server. May also be specified via the ETCD_PASSWORD environment variable.
tls_ca_file (optional) - The path to the CA certificate used for etcd communication. Defaults to system bundle if not specified.
tls_cert_file (optional) - The path to the certificate for etcd communication.
tls_key_file (optional) - The path to the private key for etcd communication.

Backend Reference: Zookeeper (Community-Supported)

For Zookeeper, the following options are supported:

path (optional) - The path within Zookeeper where data will be stored. Defaults to "vault/".
address (optional) - The address(es) of the Zookeeper instance(s) to talk to. Can be comma separated list (host:port) of many Zookeeper instances. Defaults to "localhost:2181" if not specified.

The following optional settings can be used to configure zNode ACLs:

auth_info (optional) - Authentication string in Zookeeper AddAuth format (schema:auth). As an example, digest:UserName:Password could be used to authenticate as user UserName using password Password with the digest mechanism.
znode_owner (optional) - If specified, Vault will always set all permissions (CRWDA) to the ACL identified here via the Schema and User parts of the Zookeeper ACL format. The expected format is schema:user-ACL-match. Some examples:
- digest:UserName:HIDfRvTv623G== - Access for the user UserName with the corresponding digest HIDfRvTv623G==
- ip:127.0.0.1 - Access from localhost only
- ip:70.95.0.0/16 - Any host on the 70.95.0.0 network (CIDRs are supported starting from Zookeeper 3.5.0)

If neither of these is set, the backend will not authenticate with Zookeeper and will set the OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE ACL on all nodes. In this scenario, anyone connected to Zookeeper could change Vault’s znodes and, potentially, take Vault out of service.

Some sample configurations:

backend "zookeeper" {
  znode_owner = "digest:vaultUser:raxgVAfnDRljZDAcJFxznkZsExs="
  auth_info = "digest:vaultUser:abc"
}

The above configuration causes Vault to set an ACL on all of its zNodes permitting access to vaultUser only. If the digest schema is used, please protect this file as it contains the cleartext password. As per Zookeeper's ACL model, the digest value (in znode_owner) must match the user (in znode_owner).

backend "zookeeper" {
  znode_owner = "ip:127.0.0.1"
}

The above example allows access from localhost only - as this is the ip no auth_info is required since Zookeeper uses the address of the client for the ACL check.

Backend Reference: DynamoDB (Community-Supported)

The DynamoDB optionally supports HA. Because Dynamo does not support session lifetimes on its locks, a Vault node that has failed, rather than shut down in an orderly fashion, will require manual cleanup rather than failing over automatically. See the documentation of recovery_mode to better understand this process. To enable HA, set the ha_enabled option.

The DynamoDB backend has the following options:

table (optional) - The name of the DynamoDB table to store data in. The default table name is vault-dynamodb-backend. This option can also be provided via the environment variable AWS_DYNAMODB_TABLE. If the specified table does not yet exist, it will be created during initialization.
read_capacity (optional) - The read capacity to provision when creating the DynamoDB table. This is the maximum number of reads consumed per second on the table. The default value is 5. This option can also be provided via the environment variable AWS_DYNAMODB_READ_CAPACITY.
write_capacity (optional) - The write capacity to provision when creating the DynamoDB table. This is the maximum number of writes performed per second on the table. The default value is 5. This option can also be provided via the environment variable AWS_DYNAMODB_WRITE_CAPACITY.
access_key - (required) The AWS access key. It must be provided, but it can also be sourced from the AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID environment variable.
secret_key - (required) The AWS secret key. It must be provided, but it can also be sourced from the AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY environment variable.
session_token - (optional) The AWS session token. It can also be sourced from the AWS_SESSION_TOKEN environment variable.
endpoint - (optional) An alternative (AWS compatible) DynamoDB endpoint to use. It can also be sourced from the AWS_DYNAMODB_ENDPOINT environment variable.
region (optional) - The AWS region. It can be sourced from the AWS_DEFAULT_REGION environment variable and will default to us-east-1 if not specified.
max_parallel (optional) - The maximum number of concurrent requests to DynamoDB. Defaults to "128".
ha_enabled (optional) - Setting this to "1", "t", or "true" will enable HA mode. Please ensure you have read the documentation for the recovery_mode option before enabling this. This option can also be provided via the environment variable DYNAMODB_HA_ENABLED. If you are upgrading from a version of Vault where HA support was enabled by default, it is very important that you set this parameter before upgrading!
recovery_mode (optional) - When the Vault leader crashes or is killed without being able to shut down properly, no other node can become the new leader because the DynamoDB table still holds the old leader's lock record. To recover from this situation, one can start a single Vault node with this option set to "1", "t", or "true" and the node will remove the old lock from DynamoDB. It is important that only one node is running in recovery mode! After this node has become the leader, other nodes can be started with regular configuration. This option can also be provided via the environment variable RECOVERY_MODE.

For more information about the read/write capacity of DynamoDB tables, see the official AWS DynamoDB docs. If you are running your Vault server on an EC2 instance, you can also make use of the EC2 instance profile service to provide the credentials Vault will use to make DynamoDB API calls. Leaving the access_key and secret_key fields empty will cause Vault to attempt to retrieve credentials from the metadata service.

Backend Reference: S3 (Community-Supported)

For S3, the following options are supported:

bucket (required) - The name of the S3 bucket to use. It must be provided, but it can also be sourced from the AWS_S3_BUCKET environment variable.
access_key - (required) The AWS access key. It must be provided, but it can also be sourced from the AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID environment variable.
secret_key - (required) The AWS secret key. It must be provided, but it can also be sourced from the AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY environment variable.
session_token - (optional) The AWS session token. It can also be sourced from the AWS_SESSION_TOKEN environment variable.
endpoint - (optional) An alternative (AWS compatible) S3 endpoint to use. It can also be sourced from the AWS_S3_ENDPOINT environment variable.
region (optional) - The AWS region. It can be sourced from the AWS_DEFAULT_REGION environment variable and will default to us-east-1 if not specified.

If you are running your Vault server on an EC2 instance, you can also make use of the EC2 instance profile service to provide the credentials Vault will use to make S3 API calls. Leaving the access_key and secret_key fields empty will cause Vault to attempt to retrieve credentials from the metadata service. You are responsible for ensuring your instance is launched with the appropriate profile enabled. Vault will handle renewing profile credentials as they rotate.

Backend Reference: Google Cloud Storage (Community-Supported)

For Google Cloud Storage, the following options are supported:

bucket (required) - The name of the Google Cloud Storage bucket to use. It must be provided, but it can also be sourced from the GOOGLE_STORAGE_BUCKET environment variable.
credentials_file - (required) The path to a GCP service account private key file in JSON format. It must be provided, but it can also be sourced from the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS environment variable.
max_parallel (optional) - The maximum number of concurrent requests to Google Cloud Storage. Defaults to "128".

Backend Reference: Azure (Community-Supported)

accountName (required) - The Azure Storage account name
accountKey (required) - The Azure Storage account key
container (required) - The Azure Storage Blob container name
max_parallel (optional) - The maximum number of concurrent requests to Azure. Defaults to "128".

The current implementation is limited to a maximum of 4 MBytes per blob/file.

Backend Reference: Swift (Community-Supported)

For Swift, the following options are valid; only v1.0 auth endpoints are supported:

container (required) - The name of the Swift container to use. It must be provided, but it can also be sourced from the OS_CONTAINER environment variable.
username - (required) The OpenStack account/username. It must be provided, but it can also be sourced from the OS_USERNAME environment variable.
password - (required) The OpenStack password. It must be provided, but it can also be sourced from the OS_PASSWORD environment variable.
auth_url - (required) Then OpenStack auth endpoint to use. It can also be sourced from the OS_AUTH_URL environment variable.
tenant (optional) - The name of Tenant to use. It can be sourced from the OS_TENANT_NAME environment variable and will default to default tenant of for the username if not specified.
max_parallel (optional) - The maximum number of concurrent requests to Swift. Defaults to "128".

Backend Reference: MySQL (Community-Supported)

The MySQL backend has the following options:

username (required) - The MySQL username to connect with.
password (required) - The MySQL password to connect with.
address (optional) - The address of the MySQL host. Defaults to "127.0.0.1:3306.
database (optional) - The name of the database to use. Defaults to "vault".
table (optional) - The name of the table to use. Defaults to "vault".
tls_ca_file (optional) - The path to the CA certificate to connect using TLS

Backend Reference: PostgreSQL (Community-Supported)

The PostgreSQL backend has the following options:

connection_url (required) - The connection string used to connect to PostgreSQL.

Examples:
- postgres://username:password@localhost:5432/database?sslmode=disable
- postgres://username:password@localhost:5432/database?sslmode=verify-full
A list of all supported parameters can be found in the pq library documentation.
table (optional) - The name of the table to write vault data to. Defaults to "vault_kv_store".

Add the following table and index to a new or existing PostgreSQL database:

CREATE TABLE vault_kv_store (
  parent_path TEXT COLLATE "C" NOT NULL,
  path        TEXT COLLATE "C",
  key         TEXT COLLATE "C",
  value       BYTEA,
  CONSTRAINT pkey PRIMARY KEY (path, key)
);

CREATE INDEX parent_path_idx ON vault_kv_store (parent_path);

If you're using a version of PostgreSQL prior to 9.5, create the following function:

CREATE FUNCTION vault_kv_put(_parent_path TEXT, _path TEXT, _key TEXT, _value BYTEA) RETURNS VOID AS
$$
BEGIN
    LOOP
        -- first try to update the key
        UPDATE vault_kv_store
          SET (parent_path, path, key, value) = (_parent_path, _path, _key, _value)
          WHERE _path = path AND key = _key;
        IF found THEN
            RETURN;
        END IF;
        -- not there, so try to insert the key
        -- if someone else inserts the same key concurrently,
        -- we could get a unique-key failure
        BEGIN
            INSERT INTO vault_kv_store (parent_path, path, key, value)
              VALUES (_parent_path, _path, _key, _value);
            RETURN;
        EXCEPTION WHEN unique_violation THEN
            -- Do nothing, and loop to try the UPDATE again.
        END;
    END LOOP;
END;
$$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;

More info can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation:

#### Backend Reference: Cassandra (Community-Supported)

The Cassandra backend has the following options:

hosts (optional) – Comma-separated list of Cassandra hosts to connect to. Defaults to "127.0.0.1".
keyspace (optional) – Cassandra keyspace to use. Defaults to "vault".
table (optional) – Table within the keyspace in which to store data. Defaults to "entries".
consistency (optional) – Consistency level to use when reading/writing data in Cassandra. If set, must be one of "ANY", "ONE", "TWO", "THREE", "QUORUM", "ALL", "LOCAL_QUORUM", "EACH_QUORUM", or "LOCAL_ONE". Defaults to "LOCAL_QUORUM".
protocol_version (optional) - Cassandra protocol version to use. Defaults to 2.
username (optional) - Username to use when authenticating with the Cassandra hosts.
password (optional) - Password to use when authenticating with the Cassandra hosts.
connection_timeout (optional) - A timeout in seconds to wait until a connection is established with the Cassandra hosts.
tls (optional) - Indicates the connection with the Cassandra hosts should use TLS.
pem_bundle_file (optional) - Specifies a file containing a certificate and private key; a certificate, private key, and issuing CA certificate; or just a CA certificate.
pem_json_file (optional) - Specifies a JSON file containing a certificate and private key; a certificate, private key, and issuing CA certificate; or just a CA certificate.
tls_skip_verify (optional) - If set, then TLS host verification will be disabled for Cassandra. Defaults to 0.
tls_min_version (optional) - Minimum TLS version to use. Accepted values are tls10, tls11 or tls12. Defaults to tls12.

You need to ensure the keyspace and table exist in Cassandra:

CREATE KEYSPACE "vault" WITH REPLICATION = {
    'class' : 'SimpleStrategy',
    'replication_factor' : 1
};

CREATE TABLE "vault"."entries" (
    bucket text,
    key text,
    value blob,
    PRIMARY KEY (bucket, key)
) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (key ASC);

Note: Keyspace replication options should be customised appropriately for your environment.

Backend Reference: Inmem

The in-memory backend has no configuration options.

Backend Reference: File

The file backend has the following options:

path (required) - The path on disk to a directory where the data will be stored.

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