168 lines
8 KiB
Plaintext
168 lines
8 KiB
Plaintext
---
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layout: docs
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page_title: Upgrading Vault - Guides
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description: |-
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These are general upgrade instructions for Vault for both non-HA and HA
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setups. Please ensure that you also read the version-specific upgrade notes.
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---
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# Upgrading Vault
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These are general upgrade instructions for Vault for both non-HA and HA setups.
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_Please ensure that you also read any version-specific upgrade notes which can be
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found in the sidebar._
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!> **Important:** Always back up your data before upgrading! Vault does not
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make backward-compatibility guarantees for its data store. Simply replacing the
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newly-installed Vault binary with the previous version will not cleanly
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downgrade Vault, as upgrades may perform changes to the underlying data
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structure that make the data incompatible with a downgrade. If you need to roll
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back to a previous version of Vault, you should roll back your data store as
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well.
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Vault upgrades are designed such that large jumps (ie 1.3.10 -> 1.7.x) are
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supported. The upgrade notes for each intervening version must be reviewed. The
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upgrade notes may describe additional steps or configuration to update before,
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during, or after the upgrade.
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## Integrated Storage Autopilot
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Vault 1.11 introduced [automated
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upgrades](/docs/concepts/integrated-storage/autopilot#automated-upgrades) as
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part of the Integrated Storage Autopilot feature. If your Vault environment is
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configured to use Integrated Storage, consider leveraging this new feature to
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upgrade your Vault environment.
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-> **Tutorial:** Refer to the [Automate Upgrades with Vault
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Enterprise](https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/vault/raft-upgrade-automation)
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tutorial for more details.
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## Agent
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The Vault Agent is an API client of the Vault Server. Vault APIs are almost
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always backwards compatible. When they are not, this is called out in the
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upgrade guide for the new Vault version, and there is a lengthy deprecation
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period. The Vault Agent version can lag behind the Vault Server version, though
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we recommend keeping all Vault instances up to date with the most recent minor Vault version
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to the extent possible.
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## Testing the Upgrade
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It's always a good idea to try to ensure that the upgrade will be successful in
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your environment. The ideal way to do this is to take a snapshot of your data
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and load it into a test cluster. However, if you are issuing secrets to third
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party resources (cloud credentials, database credentials, etc.) ensure that you
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do not allow external network connectivity during testing, in case credentials
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expire. This prevents the test cluster from trying to revoke these resources
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along with the non-test cluster.
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## OSS to Enterprise Installations
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Upgrading to Vault Enterprise installations follow the same steps as OSS upgrades except that the Vault Enterprise binary is to be used and the license file [applied](/api-docs/system/license#install-license), when applicable. The Enterprise binary and license file can be obtained through your HashiCorp sales team.
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## Non-HA Installations
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Upgrading non-HA installations of Vault is as simple as replacing the Vault
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binary with the new version and restarting Vault. Any upgrade tasks that can be
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performed for you will be taken care of when Vault is unsealed.
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Always use `SIGINT` or `SIGTERM` to properly shut down Vault.
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Be sure to also read and follow any instructions in the version-specific
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upgrade notes.
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## HA Installations
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!> **Important:** Note that these instructions are not relevant if you're on a
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version of Vault greater than or equal to 1.11 and you have Autopilot enabled.
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If so, you should let Autopilot do the upgrade for you, as that's easier and
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less prone to human error. Please refer to our [automated
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upgrades](/docs/concepts/integrated-storage/autopilot#automated-upgrades)
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documentation for information on this feature and our
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[Automate Upgrades with Vault
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Enterprise](https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/vault/raft-upgrade-automation)
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tutorial for more details.
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This is our recommended upgrade procedure if you're on a version of Vault before
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1.11, or you've chosen not to use Autopilot. However, you should consider how to
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apply these steps to your particular setup since HA setups can differ on whether
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a load balancer is in use, what addresses clients are being given to connect to
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Vault (standby + leader, leader-only, or discovered via service discovery), etc.
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Whatever method you use, you should ensure that you never fail over from a
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newer version of Vault to an older version. Our suggested procedure is designed
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to prevent this.
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Please note that Vault does not support true zero-downtime upgrades, but with
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proper upgrade procedure the downtime should be very short (a few hundred
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milliseconds to a second depending on how the speed of access to the storage
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backend).
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Perform these steps on each standby:
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1. Properly shut down Vault on the standby node via `SIGINT` or `SIGTERM`
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2. Replace the Vault binary with the new version; ensure that `mlock()` capability is added to the new binary with [setcap](/docs/configuration#disable_mlock)
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3. Start the standby node
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4. Unseal the standby node
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5. Verify `vault status` shows correct Version and HA Mode is `standby`
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6. Review the node's logs to ensure successful startup and unseal
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At this point all standby nodes will be upgraded and ready to take over. The
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upgrade will not be complete until one of the upgraded standby nodes takes over
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active duty. To do this:
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1. Properly shut down the remaining (active) node
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~> **Note:** It is important that you shut the node down properly.
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This will perform a step-down and release the HA lock, allowing a standby
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node to take over with a very short delay.
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If you kill Vault without letting it release the lock, a standby node will
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not be able to take over until the lock's timeout period has expired. This
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is backend-specific but could be ten seconds or more.
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2. Replace the Vault binary with the new version; ensure that `mlock()` capability is added to the new binary with [setcap](/docs/configuration#disable_mlock)
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3. Start the node
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4. Unseal the node
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5. Verify `vault status` shows correct Version and HA Mode is `standby`
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6. Review the node's logs to ensure successful startup and unseal
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Internal upgrade tasks will happen after one of the upgraded standby nodes
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takes over active duty.
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Be sure to also read and follow any instructions in the version-specific
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upgrade notes.
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## Replication Installations
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-> **Note:** Prior to any upgrade, be sure to also read and follow any instructions in the version-specific
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upgrade notes which are found in the navigation menu for this documentation.
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Upgrading installations of Vault which participate in [Enterprise Replication](/docs/enterprise/replication) requires the following basic order of operations:
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- **Upgrade the replication secondary instances first** using appropriate
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guidance from the previous sections depending on whether each secondary
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instance is Non-HA or HA
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- Verify functionality of each secondary instance after upgrading
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- When satisfied with functionality of upgraded secondary instances, upgrade
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the primary instance
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~> **Note:** It is not safe to replicate from a newer version of Vault to an
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older version. When upgrading replicated clusters, ensure that upstream clusters
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are always on older versions of Vault than downstream clusters.
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Here is an example of upgrading four Vault replicated Vault clusters:
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In the above scenario, the ideal upgrade procedure would be as follows,
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verifying functionality after each cluster upgrade.
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1. Upgrade Clusters B and D, using the HA upgrade process above. These clusters
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have no downstream clusters, so they should be upgraded first, but the
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ordering of B vs D does not matter.
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2. Upgrade Cluster C, which now has an upgraded downstream cluster (Cluster D).
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Because Cluster C is a cluster, it should also use the HA upgrade process.
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3. Finally, upgrade Cluster A. All clusters downstream of A will already be
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upgraded. It should be upgraded last, as it is a Performance Primary and a DR
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Primary.
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