open-vault/builtin/logical/pki/crl_util.go
Alexander Scheel 3e7414b605
Always return PKI configs for CRLs, URLs (#15470)
* Always return non-nil CRL configuration

When using the default CRL configuration (as none has been set), return
the default configuration rather than inferring it in buildCRL. This
additionally allows us to return the default configuration on GET
operations to /config/crl.

Signed-off-by: Alexander Scheel <alex.scheel@hashicorp.com>

* Always return non-nil URL configuration

When using the default (empty) URL configuration as none has been set,
return the default configuration rather than inferring it inside of
fetchCAInfoByIssuerId or generateCert. This additionally allows us to
return the default configuration on GET operations to /config/urls.

Signed-off-by: Alexander Scheel <alex.scheel@hashicorp.com>

* Add changelog

Signed-off-by: Alexander Scheel <alex.scheel@hashicorp.com>
2022-05-17 11:40:09 -04:00

636 lines
23 KiB
Go

package pki
import (
"bytes"
"context"
"crypto/rand"
"crypto/x509"
"crypto/x509/pkix"
"fmt"
"math/big"
"strings"
"sync"
"sync/atomic"
"time"
"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/helper/consts"
"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/helper/certutil"
"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/helper/errutil"
"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/logical"
)
const revokedPath = "revoked/"
type revocationInfo struct {
CertificateBytes []byte `json:"certificate_bytes"`
RevocationTime int64 `json:"revocation_time"`
RevocationTimeUTC time.Time `json:"revocation_time_utc"`
CertificateIssuer issuerID `json:"issuer_id"`
}
// crlBuilder is gatekeeper for controlling various read/write operations to the storage of the CRL.
// The extra complexity arises from secondary performance clusters seeing various writes to its storage
// without the actual API calls. During the storage invalidation process, we do not have the required state
// to actually rebuild the CRLs, so we need to schedule it in a deferred fashion. This allows either
// read or write calls to perform the operation if required, or have the flag reset upon a write operation
type crlBuilder struct {
m sync.Mutex
forceRebuild uint32
}
const (
_ignoreForceFlag = true
_enforceForceFlag = false
)
// rebuildIfForced is to be called by readers or periodic functions that might need to trigger
// a refresh of the CRL before the read occurs.
func (cb *crlBuilder) rebuildIfForced(ctx context.Context, b *backend, request *logical.Request) error {
if atomic.LoadUint32(&cb.forceRebuild) == 1 {
return cb._doRebuild(ctx, b, request, true, _enforceForceFlag)
}
return nil
}
// rebuild is to be called by various write apis that know the CRL is to be updated and can be now.
func (cb *crlBuilder) rebuild(ctx context.Context, b *backend, request *logical.Request, forceNew bool) error {
return cb._doRebuild(ctx, b, request, forceNew, _ignoreForceFlag)
}
// requestRebuildIfActiveNode will schedule a rebuild of the CRL from the next read or write api call assuming we are the active node of a cluster
func (cb *crlBuilder) requestRebuildIfActiveNode(b *backend) {
// Only schedule us on active nodes, as the active node is the only node that can rebuild/write the CRL.
// Note 1: The CRL is cluster specific, so this does need to run on the active node of a performance secondary cluster.
// Note 2: This is called by the storage invalidation function, so it should not block.
if b.System().ReplicationState().HasState(consts.ReplicationPerformanceStandby) ||
b.System().ReplicationState().HasState(consts.ReplicationDRSecondary) {
b.Logger().Debug("Ignoring request to schedule a CRL rebuild, not on active node.")
return
}
b.Logger().Info("Scheduling PKI CRL rebuild.")
// Set the flag to 1, we don't care if we aren't the ones that actually swap it to 1.
atomic.CompareAndSwapUint32(&cb.forceRebuild, 0, 1)
}
func (cb *crlBuilder) _doRebuild(ctx context.Context, b *backend, request *logical.Request, forceNew bool, ignoreForceFlag bool) error {
cb.m.Lock()
defer cb.m.Unlock()
// Re-read the lock in case someone beat us to the punch between the previous load op.
forceBuildFlag := atomic.LoadUint32(&cb.forceRebuild)
if forceBuildFlag == 1 || ignoreForceFlag {
// Reset our original flag back to 0 before we start the rebuilding. This may lead to another round of
// CRL building, but we want to avoid the race condition caused by clearing the flag after we completed (An
// update/revocation occurred attempting to set the flag, after we listed the certs but before we wrote
// the CRL, so we missed the update and cleared the flag.)
atomic.CompareAndSwapUint32(&cb.forceRebuild, 1, 0)
// if forceRebuild was requested, that should force a complete rebuild even if requested not too by forceNew
myForceNew := forceBuildFlag == 1 || forceNew
return buildCRLs(ctx, b, request, myForceNew)
}
return nil
}
// Revokes a cert, and tries to be smart about error recovery
func revokeCert(ctx context.Context, b *backend, req *logical.Request, serial string, fromLease bool) (*logical.Response, error) {
// As this backend is self-contained and this function does not hook into
// third parties to manage users or resources, if the mount is tainted,
// revocation doesn't matter anyways -- the CRL that would be written will
// be immediately blown away by the view being cleared. So we can simply
// fast path a successful exit.
if b.System().Tainted() {
return nil, nil
}
// Validate that no issuers match the serial number to be revoked. We need
// to gracefully degrade to the legacy cert bundle when it is required, as
// secondary PR clusters might not have been upgraded, but still need to
// handle revoking certs.
var err error
var issuers []issuerID
if !b.useLegacyBundleCaStorage() {
issuers, err = listIssuers(ctx, req.Storage)
if err != nil {
return logical.ErrorResponse(fmt.Sprintf("could not fetch issuers list: %v", err)), nil
}
} else {
// Hack: this isn't a real issuerID, but it works for fetchCAInfo
// since it resolves the reference.
issuers = []issuerID{legacyBundleShimID}
}
for _, issuer := range issuers {
signingBundle, caErr := fetchCAInfoByIssuerId(ctx, b, req, issuer, ReadOnlyUsage)
if caErr != nil {
switch caErr.(type) {
case errutil.UserError:
return logical.ErrorResponse(fmt.Sprintf("could not fetch the CA certificate for issuer id %v: %s", issuer, caErr)), nil
default:
return nil, fmt.Errorf("error fetching CA certificate for issuer id %v: %s", issuer, caErr)
}
}
if signingBundle == nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("faulty reference: %v - CA info not found", issuer)
}
colonSerial := strings.Replace(strings.ToLower(serial), "-", ":", -1)
if colonSerial == certutil.GetHexFormatted(signingBundle.Certificate.SerialNumber.Bytes(), ":") {
return logical.ErrorResponse(fmt.Sprintf("adding issuer (id: %v) to its own CRL is not allowed", issuer)), nil
}
}
alreadyRevoked := false
var revInfo revocationInfo
revEntry, err := fetchCertBySerial(ctx, b, req, revokedPath, serial)
if err != nil {
switch err.(type) {
case errutil.UserError:
return logical.ErrorResponse(err.Error()), nil
default:
return nil, err
}
}
if revEntry != nil {
// Set the revocation info to the existing values
alreadyRevoked = true
err = revEntry.DecodeJSON(&revInfo)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("error decoding existing revocation info")
}
}
if !alreadyRevoked {
certEntry, err := fetchCertBySerial(ctx, b, req, "certs/", serial)
if err != nil {
switch err.(type) {
case errutil.UserError:
return logical.ErrorResponse(err.Error()), nil
default:
return nil, err
}
}
if certEntry == nil {
if fromLease {
// We can't write to revoked/ or update the CRL anyway because we don't have the cert,
// and there's no reason to expect this will work on a subsequent
// retry. Just give up and let the lease get deleted.
b.Logger().Warn("expired certificate revoke failed because not found in storage, treating as success", "serial", serial)
return nil, nil
}
return logical.ErrorResponse(fmt.Sprintf("certificate with serial %s not found", serial)), nil
}
cert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(certEntry.Value)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("error parsing certificate: %w", err)
}
if cert == nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("got a nil certificate")
}
// Add a little wiggle room because leases are stored with a second
// granularity
if cert.NotAfter.Before(time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second)) {
response := &logical.Response{}
response.AddWarning(fmt.Sprintf("certificate with serial %s already expired; refusing to add to CRL", serial))
return response, nil
}
// Compatibility: Don't revoke CAs if they had leases. New CAs going
// forward aren't issued leases.
if cert.IsCA && fromLease {
return nil, nil
}
currTime := time.Now()
revInfo.CertificateBytes = certEntry.Value
revInfo.RevocationTime = currTime.Unix()
revInfo.RevocationTimeUTC = currTime.UTC()
revEntry, err = logical.StorageEntryJSON(revokedPath+normalizeSerial(serial), revInfo)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating revocation entry")
}
err = req.Storage.Put(ctx, revEntry)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("error saving revoked certificate to new location")
}
}
crlErr := b.crlBuilder.rebuild(ctx, b, req, false)
if crlErr != nil {
switch crlErr.(type) {
case errutil.UserError:
return logical.ErrorResponse(fmt.Sprintf("Error during CRL building: %s", crlErr)), nil
default:
return nil, fmt.Errorf("error encountered during CRL building: %w", crlErr)
}
}
resp := &logical.Response{
Data: map[string]interface{}{
"revocation_time": revInfo.RevocationTime,
},
}
if !revInfo.RevocationTimeUTC.IsZero() {
resp.Data["revocation_time_rfc3339"] = revInfo.RevocationTimeUTC.Format(time.RFC3339Nano)
}
return resp, nil
}
func buildCRLs(ctx context.Context, b *backend, req *logical.Request, forceNew bool) error {
// In order to build all CRLs, we need knowledge of all issuers. Any two
// issuers with the same keys _and_ subject should have the same CRL since
// they're functionally equivalent.
//
// When building CRLs, there's two types of CRLs: an "internal" CRL for
// just certificates issued by this issuer, and a "default" CRL, which
// not only contains certificates by this issuer, but also ones issued
// by "unknown" or past issuers. This means we need knowledge of not
// only all issuers (to tell whether or not to include these orphaned
// certs) but whether the present issuer is the configured default.
//
// If a configured default is lacking, we won't provision these
// certificates on any CRL.
//
// In order to know which CRL a given cert belongs on, we have to read
// it into memory, identify the corresponding issuer, and update its
// map with the revoked cert instance. If no such issuer is found, we'll
// place it in the default issuer's CRL.
//
// By not relying on the _cert_'s storage, we allow issuers to come and
// go (either by direct deletion, having their keys deleted, or by usage
// restrictions) -- and when they return, we'll correctly place certs
// on their CRLs.
// See the message in revokedCert about rebuilding CRLs: we need to
// gracefully handle revoking entries with the legacy cert bundle.
var err error
var issuers []issuerID
var wasLegacy bool
if !b.useLegacyBundleCaStorage() {
issuers, err = listIssuers(ctx, req.Storage)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error building CRL: while listing issuers: %v", err)
}
} else {
// Here, we hard-code the legacy issuer entry instead of using the
// default ref. This is because we need to hack some of the logic
// below for revocation to handle the legacy bundle.
issuers = []issuerID{legacyBundleShimID}
wasLegacy = true
}
config, err := getIssuersConfig(ctx, req.Storage)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error building CRLs: while getting the default config: %v", err)
}
// We map issuerID->entry for fast lookup and also issuerID->Cert for
// signature verification and correlation of revoked certs.
issuerIDEntryMap := make(map[issuerID]*issuerEntry, len(issuers))
issuerIDCertMap := make(map[issuerID]*x509.Certificate, len(issuers))
// We use a double map (keyID->subject->issuerID) to store whether or not this
// key+subject paring has been seen before. We can then iterate over each
// key/subject and choose any representative issuer for that combination.
keySubjectIssuersMap := make(map[keyID]map[string][]issuerID)
for _, issuer := range issuers {
// We don't strictly need this call, but by requesting the bundle, the
// legacy path is automatically ignored.
thisEntry, _, err := fetchCertBundleByIssuerId(ctx, req.Storage, issuer, false)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error building CRLs: unable to fetch specified issuer (%v): %v", issuer, err)
}
if len(thisEntry.KeyID) == 0 {
continue
}
// Skip entries which aren't enabled for CRL signing.
if err := thisEntry.EnsureUsage(CRLSigningUsage); err != nil {
continue
}
issuerIDEntryMap[issuer] = thisEntry
thisCert, err := thisEntry.GetCertificate()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error building CRLs: unable to parse issuer (%v)'s certificate: %v", issuer, err)
}
issuerIDCertMap[issuer] = thisCert
subject := string(thisCert.RawSubject)
if _, ok := keySubjectIssuersMap[thisEntry.KeyID]; !ok {
keySubjectIssuersMap[thisEntry.KeyID] = make(map[string][]issuerID)
}
keySubjectIssuersMap[thisEntry.KeyID][subject] = append(keySubjectIssuersMap[thisEntry.KeyID][subject], issuer)
}
// Fetch the cluster-local CRL mapping so we know where to write the
// CRLs.
crlConfig, err := getLocalCRLConfig(ctx, req.Storage)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error building CRLs: unable to fetch cluster-local CRL configuration: %v", err)
}
// Next, we load and parse all revoked certificates. We need to assign
// these certificates to an issuer. Some certificates will not be
// assignable (if they were issued by a since-deleted issuer), so we need
// a separate pool for those.
unassignedCerts, revokedCertsMap, err := getRevokedCertEntries(ctx, req, issuerIDCertMap)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error building CRLs: unable to get revoked certificate entries: %v", err)
}
// Now we can call buildCRL once, on an arbitrary/representative issuer
// from each of these (keyID, subject) sets.
for _, subjectIssuersMap := range keySubjectIssuersMap {
for _, issuersSet := range subjectIssuersMap {
if len(issuersSet) == 0 {
continue
}
var revokedCerts []pkix.RevokedCertificate
representative := issuersSet[0]
var crlIdentifier crlID
var crlIdIssuer issuerID
for _, issuerId := range issuersSet {
if issuerId == config.DefaultIssuerId {
if len(unassignedCerts) > 0 {
revokedCerts = append(revokedCerts, unassignedCerts...)
}
representative = issuerId
}
if thisRevoked, ok := revokedCertsMap[issuerId]; ok && len(thisRevoked) > 0 {
revokedCerts = append(revokedCerts, thisRevoked...)
}
if thisCRLId, ok := crlConfig.IssuerIDCRLMap[issuerId]; ok && len(thisCRLId) > 0 {
if len(crlIdentifier) > 0 && crlIdentifier != thisCRLId {
return fmt.Errorf("error building CRLs: two issuers with same keys/subjects (%v vs %v) have different internal CRL IDs: %v vs %v", issuerId, crlIdIssuer, thisCRLId, crlIdentifier)
}
crlIdentifier = thisCRLId
crlIdIssuer = issuerId
}
}
if len(crlIdentifier) == 0 {
// Create a new random UUID for this CRL if none exists.
crlIdentifier = genCRLId()
crlConfig.CRLNumberMap[crlIdentifier] = 1
}
// Update all issuers in this group to set the CRL Issuer
for _, issuerId := range issuersSet {
crlConfig.IssuerIDCRLMap[issuerId] = crlIdentifier
}
// We always update the CRL Number since we never want to
// duplicate numbers and missing numbers is fine.
crlNumber := crlConfig.CRLNumberMap[crlIdentifier]
crlConfig.CRLNumberMap[crlIdentifier] += 1
// Lastly, build the CRL.
if err := buildCRL(ctx, b, req, forceNew, representative, revokedCerts, crlIdentifier, crlNumber); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error building CRLs: unable to build CRL for issuer (%v): %v", representative, err)
}
}
}
// Before persisting our updated CRL config, check to see if we have
// any dangling references. If we have any issuers that don't exist,
// remove them, remembering their CRLs IDs. If we've completely removed
// all issuers pointing to that CRL number, we can remove it from the
// number map and from storage.
//
// Note that we persist the last generated CRL for a specified issuer
// if it is later disabled for CRL generation. This mirrors the old
// root deletion behavior, but using soft issuer deletes. If there is an
// alternate, equivalent issuer however, we'll keep updating the shared
// CRL; all equivalent issuers must have their CRLs disabled.
for mapIssuerId := range crlConfig.IssuerIDCRLMap {
stillHaveIssuer := false
for _, listedIssuerId := range issuers {
if mapIssuerId == listedIssuerId {
stillHaveIssuer = true
break
}
}
if !stillHaveIssuer {
delete(crlConfig.IssuerIDCRLMap, mapIssuerId)
}
}
for crlId := range crlConfig.CRLNumberMap {
stillHaveIssuerForID := false
for _, remainingCRL := range crlConfig.IssuerIDCRLMap {
if remainingCRL == crlId {
stillHaveIssuerForID = true
break
}
}
if !stillHaveIssuerForID {
if err := req.Storage.Delete(ctx, "crls/"+crlId.String()); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error building CRLs: unable to clean up deleted issuers' CRL: %v", err)
}
}
}
// Finally, persist our potentially updated local CRL config. Only do this
// if we didn't have a legacy CRL bundle.
if !wasLegacy {
if err := setLocalCRLConfig(ctx, req.Storage, crlConfig); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error building CRLs: unable to persist updated cluster-local CRL config: %v", err)
}
}
// All good :-)
return nil
}
func getRevokedCertEntries(ctx context.Context, req *logical.Request, issuerIDCertMap map[issuerID]*x509.Certificate) ([]pkix.RevokedCertificate, map[issuerID][]pkix.RevokedCertificate, error) {
var unassignedCerts []pkix.RevokedCertificate
revokedCertsMap := make(map[issuerID][]pkix.RevokedCertificate)
revokedSerials, err := req.Storage.List(ctx, revokedPath)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, errutil.InternalError{Err: fmt.Sprintf("error fetching list of revoked certs: %s", err)}
}
for _, serial := range revokedSerials {
var revInfo revocationInfo
revokedEntry, err := req.Storage.Get(ctx, revokedPath+serial)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, errutil.InternalError{Err: fmt.Sprintf("unable to fetch revoked cert with serial %s: %s", serial, err)}
}
if revokedEntry == nil {
return nil, nil, errutil.InternalError{Err: fmt.Sprintf("revoked certificate entry for serial %s is nil", serial)}
}
if revokedEntry.Value == nil || len(revokedEntry.Value) == 0 {
// TODO: In this case, remove it and continue? How likely is this to
// happen? Alternately, could skip it entirely, or could implement a
// delete function so that there is a way to remove these
return nil, nil, errutil.InternalError{Err: fmt.Sprintf("found revoked serial but actual certificate is empty")}
}
err = revokedEntry.DecodeJSON(&revInfo)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, errutil.InternalError{Err: fmt.Sprintf("error decoding revocation entry for serial %s: %s", serial, err)}
}
revokedCert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(revInfo.CertificateBytes)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, errutil.InternalError{Err: fmt.Sprintf("unable to parse stored revoked certificate with serial %s: %s", serial, err)}
}
// NOTE: We have to change this to UTC time because the CRL standard
// mandates it but Go will happily encode the CRL without this.
newRevCert := pkix.RevokedCertificate{
SerialNumber: revokedCert.SerialNumber,
}
if !revInfo.RevocationTimeUTC.IsZero() {
newRevCert.RevocationTime = revInfo.RevocationTimeUTC
} else {
newRevCert.RevocationTime = time.Unix(revInfo.RevocationTime, 0).UTC()
}
// If we have a CertificateIssuer field on the revocation entry,
// prefer it to manually checking each issuer signature, assuming it
// appears valid. It's highly unlikely for two different issuers
// to have the same id (after the first was deleted).
if len(revInfo.CertificateIssuer) > 0 {
issuerId := revInfo.CertificateIssuer
if _, issuerExists := issuerIDCertMap[issuerId]; issuerExists {
revokedCertsMap[issuerId] = append(revokedCertsMap[issuerId], newRevCert)
continue
}
// Otherwise, fall through and update the entry.
}
// Now we need to assign the revoked certificate to an issuer.
foundParent := false
for issuerId, issuerCert := range issuerIDCertMap {
if bytes.Equal(revokedCert.RawIssuer, issuerCert.RawSubject) {
if err := revokedCert.CheckSignatureFrom(issuerCert); err == nil {
// Valid mapping. Add it to the specified entry.
revokedCertsMap[issuerId] = append(revokedCertsMap[issuerId], newRevCert)
revInfo.CertificateIssuer = issuerId
foundParent = true
break
}
}
}
if !foundParent {
// If the parent isn't found, add it to the unassigned bucket.
unassignedCerts = append(unassignedCerts, newRevCert)
} else {
// When the CertificateIssuer field wasn't found on the existing
// entry (or was invalid), and we've found a new value for it,
// we should update the entry to make future CRL builds faster.
revokedEntry, err = logical.StorageEntryJSON(revokedPath+serial, revInfo)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating revocation entry for existing cert: %v", serial)
}
err = req.Storage.Put(ctx, revokedEntry)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("error updating revoked certificate at existing location: %v", serial)
}
}
}
return unassignedCerts, revokedCertsMap, nil
}
// Builds a CRL by going through the list of revoked certificates and building
// a new CRL with the stored revocation times and serial numbers.
func buildCRL(ctx context.Context, b *backend, req *logical.Request, forceNew bool, thisIssuerId issuerID, revoked []pkix.RevokedCertificate, identifier crlID, crlNumber int64) error {
crlInfo, err := b.CRL(ctx, req.Storage)
if err != nil {
return errutil.InternalError{Err: fmt.Sprintf("error fetching CRL config information: %s", err)}
}
crlLifetime := b.crlLifetime
var revokedCerts []pkix.RevokedCertificate
if crlInfo.Expiry != "" {
crlDur, err := time.ParseDuration(crlInfo.Expiry)
if err != nil {
return errutil.InternalError{Err: fmt.Sprintf("error parsing CRL duration of %s", crlInfo.Expiry)}
}
crlLifetime = crlDur
}
if crlInfo.Disable {
if !forceNew {
return nil
}
// NOTE: in this case, the passed argument (revoked) is not added
// to the revokedCerts list. This is because we want to sign an
// **empty** CRL (as the CRL was disabled but we've specified the
// forceNew option). In previous versions of Vault (1.10 series and
// earlier), we'd have queried the certs below, whereas we now have
// an assignment from a pre-queried list.
goto WRITE
}
revokedCerts = revoked
WRITE:
signingBundle, caErr := fetchCAInfoByIssuerId(ctx, b, req, thisIssuerId, CRLSigningUsage)
if caErr != nil {
switch caErr.(type) {
case errutil.UserError:
return errutil.UserError{Err: fmt.Sprintf("could not fetch the CA certificate: %s", caErr)}
default:
return errutil.InternalError{Err: fmt.Sprintf("error fetching CA certificate: %s", caErr)}
}
}
revocationListTemplate := &x509.RevocationList{
RevokedCertificates: revokedCerts,
Number: big.NewInt(crlNumber),
ThisUpdate: time.Now(),
NextUpdate: time.Now().Add(crlLifetime),
}
crlBytes, err := x509.CreateRevocationList(rand.Reader, revocationListTemplate, signingBundle.Certificate, signingBundle.PrivateKey)
if err != nil {
return errutil.InternalError{Err: fmt.Sprintf("error creating new CRL: %s", err)}
}
writePath := "crls/" + identifier.String()
if thisIssuerId == legacyBundleShimID {
// Ignore the CRL ID as it won't be persisted anyways; hard-code the
// old legacy path and allow it to be updated.
writePath = legacyCRLPath
}
err = req.Storage.Put(ctx, &logical.StorageEntry{
Key: writePath,
Value: crlBytes,
})
if err != nil {
return errutil.InternalError{Err: fmt.Sprintf("error storing CRL: %s", err)}
}
return nil
}