126 lines
4.6 KiB
Plaintext
126 lines
4.6 KiB
Plaintext
---
|
|
layout: docs
|
|
page_title: AppID - Auth Methods
|
|
sidebar_title: App ID <sup>DEPRECATED</sup>
|
|
description: The AppID auth method is a mechanism for machines to authenticate with Vault.
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# AppID Auth Method
|
|
|
|
~> **DEPRECATED!** As of Vault 0.6.1, AppID is deprecated in favor of
|
|
[AppRole](/docs/auth/approle). AppRole can accommodate the same workflow as
|
|
AppID while enabling much more secure and flexible management and other types
|
|
of authentication workflows. No new features or enhancements are planned for App
|
|
ID, and new users should use AppRole instead of AppID.
|
|
|
|
The AppID auth method is a mechanism for machines to authenticate with Vault.
|
|
It works by requiring two hard-to-guess unique pieces of information: a unique
|
|
app ID, and a unique user ID.
|
|
|
|
The goal of this auth method is to allow elastic users (dynamic
|
|
machines, containers, etc.) to authenticate with Vault without having to store
|
|
passwords outside of Vault. It is a single method of solving the
|
|
chicken-and-egg problem of setting up Vault access on a machine. With this
|
|
provider, nobody except the machine itself has access to both pieces of
|
|
information necessary to authenticate. For example: configuration management
|
|
will have the app IDs, but the machine itself will detect its user ID based on
|
|
some unique machine property such as a MAC address (or a hash of it with some
|
|
salt).
|
|
|
|
An example, real world process for using this provider:
|
|
|
|
1. Create unique app IDs (UUIDs work well) and map them to policies. (Path:
|
|
`map/app-id/<app-id>`)
|
|
|
|
2. Store the app IDs within configuration management systems.
|
|
|
|
3. An out-of-band process run by security operators map unique user IDs to
|
|
these app IDs. Example: when an instance is launched, a cloud-init system
|
|
tells security operators a unique ID for this machine. This process can be
|
|
scripted, but the key is that it is out-of-band and out of reach of
|
|
configuration management. (Path: `map/user-id/<user-id>`)
|
|
|
|
4. A new server is provisioned. Configuration management configures the app
|
|
ID, the server itself detects its user ID. With both of these pieces of
|
|
information, Vault can be accessed according to the policy set by the app
|
|
ID.
|
|
|
|
More details on this process follow:
|
|
|
|
- The app ID is a unique ID that maps to a set of policies. This ID is generated
|
|
by an operator and configured into the method. The ID itself is usually a
|
|
UUID-formatted random value, but any hard-to-guess unique value can be used.
|
|
|
|
- After creating app IDs, an operator authorizes a fixed set of user IDs with
|
|
each app ID. When a valid {app ID, user ID} tuple is given to the "login"
|
|
path, then the user is authenticated with the configured app ID policies.
|
|
|
|
- The user ID can be any value (just like the app ID), however it is generally a
|
|
value unique to a machine, such as a MAC address or instance ID, or a value
|
|
hashed from these unique values.
|
|
|
|
## Authentication
|
|
|
|
Via the CLI:
|
|
|
|
```shell-session
|
|
$ vault write auth/app-id/login/:app-id user_id=:user_id
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Via the API:
|
|
|
|
```shell-session
|
|
$ curl \
|
|
--method POST \
|
|
--data '{"user_id": ":user_id"}' \
|
|
http://127.0.0.1:8200/v1/auth/app-id/login/:app_id
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Configuration
|
|
|
|
Auth methods must be configured in advance before users or machines can
|
|
authenticate. These steps are usually completed by an operator or configuration
|
|
management tool.
|
|
|
|
1. Enable the AppID auth method:
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
$ vault auth enable app-id
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
1. Configure it with the set of AppIDs, user IDs, and the mapping between them:
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
$ vault write auth/app-id/map/app-id/foo value=admins display_name=foo
|
|
# ...
|
|
|
|
$ vault write auth/app-id/map/user-id/bar value=foo cidr_block=10.0.0.0/16
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
This will create an AppID "foo" that associates with the policy "admins".
|
|
The `display_name` sets the display name for audit logs and secrets. Next,
|
|
we configure the user ID "bar" and say that the user ID bar can be paired
|
|
with "foo" but only if the client is in the "10.0.0.0/16" CIDR block. The
|
|
`cidr_block` configuration is optional.
|
|
|
|
This means that if a client authenticates and provide both "foo" and "bar",
|
|
then the app ID will authenticate that client with the policy "admins".
|
|
|
|
In practice, both the user and app ID are likely hard-to-guess UUID-like
|
|
values.
|
|
|
|
Note that it is possible to authorize multiple app IDs with each user ID by
|
|
writing them as comma-separated values to the user ID mapping:
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
$ vault write auth/app-id/map/user-id/bar value=foo,baz cidr_block=10.0.0.0/16
|
|
# ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## API
|
|
|
|
The AppID auth method has a full HTTP API. Please see the
|
|
[AppID auth method API](/api/auth/app-id) for more
|
|
details.
|