diff --git a/vault/audited_headers.go b/vault/audited_headers.go
index 18b4aea3c..e7cb69a63 100644
--- a/vault/audited_headers.go
+++ b/vault/audited_headers.go
@@ -2,11 +2,15 @@ package vault
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/logical"
 )
 
+// N.B.: While we could use textproto to get the canonical mime header, HTTP/2
+// requires all headers to be converted to lower case, so we just do that.
+
 const (
 	// Key used in the BarrierView to store and retrieve the header config
 	auditedHeadersEntry = "audited-headers"
@@ -37,7 +41,7 @@ func (a *AuditedHeadersConfig) add(header string, hmac bool) error {
 	a.Lock()
 	defer a.Unlock()
 
-	a.Headers[header] = &auditedHeaderSettings{hmac}
+	a.Headers[strings.ToLower(header)] = &auditedHeaderSettings{hmac}
 	entry, err := logical.StorageEntryJSON(auditedHeadersEntry, a.Headers)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to persist audited headers config: %v", err)
@@ -60,7 +64,7 @@ func (a *AuditedHeadersConfig) remove(header string) error {
 	a.Lock()
 	defer a.Unlock()
 
-	delete(a.Headers, header)
+	delete(a.Headers, strings.ToLower(header))
 	entry, err := logical.StorageEntryJSON(auditedHeadersEntry, a.Headers)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to persist audited headers config: %v", err)
@@ -80,9 +84,16 @@ func (a *AuditedHeadersConfig) ApplyConfig(headers map[string][]string, hashFunc
 	a.RLock()
 	defer a.RUnlock()
 
+	// Make a copy of the incoming headers with everything lower so we can
+	// case-insensitively compare
+	lowerHeaders := make(map[string][]string, len(headers))
+	for k, v := range headers {
+		lowerHeaders[strings.ToLower(k)] = v
+	}
+
 	result = make(map[string][]string, len(a.Headers))
 	for key, settings := range a.Headers {
-		if val, ok := headers[key]; ok {
+		if val, ok := lowerHeaders[key]; ok {
 			// copy the header values so we don't overwrite them
 			hVals := make([]string, len(val))
 			copy(hVals, val)
@@ -120,8 +131,15 @@ func (c *Core) setupAuditedHeadersConfig() error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Ensure that we are able to case-sensitively access the headers;
+	// necessary for the upgrade case
+	lowerHeaders := make(map[string]*auditedHeaderSettings, len(headers))
+	for k, v := range headers {
+		lowerHeaders[strings.ToLower(k)] = v
+	}
+
 	c.auditedHeaders = &AuditedHeadersConfig{
-		Headers: headers,
+		Headers: lowerHeaders,
 		view:    view,
 	}
 
diff --git a/vault/audited_headers_test.go b/vault/audited_headers_test.go
index 07da7c9c5..5e82ec71d 100644
--- a/vault/audited_headers_test.go
+++ b/vault/audited_headers_test.go
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func testAuditedHeadersConfig_Add(t *testing.T, conf *AuditedHeadersConfig) {
 		t.Fatalf("Error when adding header to config: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	settings, ok := conf.Headers["X-Test-Header"]
+	settings, ok := conf.Headers["x-test-header"]
 	if !ok {
 		t.Fatal("Expected header to be found in config")
 	}
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func testAuditedHeadersConfig_Add(t *testing.T, conf *AuditedHeadersConfig) {
 	}
 
 	expected := map[string]*auditedHeaderSettings{
-		"X-Test-Header": &auditedHeaderSettings{
+		"x-test-header": &auditedHeaderSettings{
 			HMAC: false,
 		},
 	}
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func testAuditedHeadersConfig_Add(t *testing.T, conf *AuditedHeadersConfig) {
 		t.Fatalf("Error when adding header to config: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	settings, ok = conf.Headers["X-Vault-Header"]
+	settings, ok = conf.Headers["x-vault-header"]
 	if !ok {
 		t.Fatal("Expected header to be found in config")
 	}
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func testAuditedHeadersConfig_Add(t *testing.T, conf *AuditedHeadersConfig) {
 		t.Fatalf("Error decoding header view: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	expected["X-Vault-Header"] = &auditedHeaderSettings{
+	expected["x-vault-header"] = &auditedHeaderSettings{
 		HMAC: true,
 	}
 
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func testAuditedHeadersConfig_Remove(t *testing.T, conf *AuditedHeadersConfig) {
 		t.Fatalf("Error when adding header to config: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	_, ok := conf.Headers["X-Test-Header"]
+	_, ok := conf.Headers["x-Test-HeAder"]
 	if ok {
 		t.Fatal("Expected header to not be found in config")
 	}
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func testAuditedHeadersConfig_Remove(t *testing.T, conf *AuditedHeadersConfig) {
 	}
 
 	expected := map[string]*auditedHeaderSettings{
-		"X-Vault-Header": &auditedHeaderSettings{
+		"x-vault-header": &auditedHeaderSettings{
 			HMAC: true,
 		},
 	}
@@ -126,12 +126,12 @@ func testAuditedHeadersConfig_Remove(t *testing.T, conf *AuditedHeadersConfig) {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected config didn't match actual. Expected: %#v, Got: %#v", expected, headers)
 	}
 
-	err = conf.remove("X-Vault-Header")
+	err = conf.remove("x-VaulT-Header")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Error when adding header to config: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	_, ok = conf.Headers["X-Vault-Header"]
+	_, ok = conf.Headers["x-vault-header"]
 	if ok {
 		t.Fatal("Expected header to not be found in config")
 	}
@@ -157,10 +157,8 @@ func testAuditedHeadersConfig_Remove(t *testing.T, conf *AuditedHeadersConfig) {
 func TestAuditedHeadersConfig_ApplyConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	conf := mockAuditedHeadersConfig(t)
 
-	conf.Headers = map[string]*auditedHeaderSettings{
-		"X-Test-Header":  &auditedHeaderSettings{false},
-		"X-Vault-Header": &auditedHeaderSettings{true},
-	}
+	conf.add("X-TesT-Header", false)
+	conf.add("X-Vault-HeAdEr", true)
 
 	reqHeaders := map[string][]string{
 		"X-Test-Header":  []string{"foo"},
@@ -173,8 +171,8 @@ func TestAuditedHeadersConfig_ApplyConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	result := conf.ApplyConfig(reqHeaders, hashFunc)
 
 	expected := map[string][]string{
-		"X-Test-Header":  []string{"foo"},
-		"X-Vault-Header": []string{"hashed", "hashed"},
+		"x-test-header":  []string{"foo"},
+		"x-vault-header": []string{"hashed", "hashed"},
 	}
 
 	if !reflect.DeepEqual(result, expected) {