Add a little more information about PKI and replicated data sets to the PKI docs. (#15683)
* Add a little more information about PKI and replicated data sets. - Add a TOC to the PKI considerations page - Merge in the existing certificate storage into a new Replicated DataSets section - Move the existing Cluster Scalability section from the api-docs into the considerations page.
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Steven Clark
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@ -2791,30 +2791,7 @@ $ curl \
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## Cluster Scalability
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## Cluster Scalability
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Most non-introspection operations in the PKI secrets engine require a write to
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See [PKI Cluster Scalability](/docs/secrets/pki/considerations#cluster-scalability) in the considerations page.
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storage, and so are forwarded to the cluster's active node for execution.
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This table outlines which operations can be executed on performance standbys
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and thus scale horizontally.
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| Path | Operations |
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| --------------------------- | -------------------- |
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| ca[/pem] | Read |
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| cert/<em>serial-number</em> | Read |
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| cert/ca_chain | Read |
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| config/crl | Read |
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| certs | List |
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| ca_chain | Read |
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| crl[/pem] | Read |
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| crl/pem | Read |
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| issue | Update <sup>\*</sup> |
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| revoked/\* | Read, List |
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| sign | Update <sup>\*</sup> |
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| sign-verbatim | Update <sup>\*</sup> |
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\* Only if the corresponding role has `no_store` set to true and `generate_lease`
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set to false. If `generate_lease` is true the lease creation will be forwarded to
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the active node; if `no_store` is false the entire request will be forwarded to
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the active node.
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## Managed Keys
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## Managed Keys
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@ -11,6 +11,28 @@ considerations to be aware of, as well as some preparatory steps that should be
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undertaken. You should read all of these _before_ using this secrets engine or
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undertaken. You should read all of these _before_ using this secrets engine or
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generating the CA to use with this secrets engine.
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generating the CA to use with this secrets engine.
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## Table of Contents
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- [Be Careful with Root CAs](#be-careful-with-root-cas)
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- [Managed Keys](#managed-keys)
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- [One CA Certificate, One Secrets Engine](#one-ca-certificate-one-secrets-engine)
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- [Always Configure a Default Issuer](#always-configure-a-default-issuer)
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- [Key Types Matter](#key-types-matter)
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- [Use a CA Hierarchy](#use-a-ca-hierarchy)
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- [Keep certificate lifetimes short, for CRL's sake](#keep-certificate-lifetimes-short-for-crls-sake)
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- [NotAfter Behavior on Leaf Certificates](#notafter-behavior-on-leaf-certificates)
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- [Cluster Performance and Quantity of Leaf Certificates](#cluster-performance-and-quantity-of-leaf-certificates)
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- [You must configure issuing/CRL/OCSP information _in advance_](#you-must-configure-issuingcrlocsp-information-_in-advance_)
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- [Automate Leaf Certificate Renewal](#automate-leaf-certificate-renewal)
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- [Safe Minimums](#safe-minimums)
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- [Token Lifetimes and Revocation](#token-lifetimes-and-revocation)
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- [Safe Usage of Roles](#safe-usage-of-roles)
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- [Telemetry](#telemetry)
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- [Auditing](#auditing)
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- [Role-Based Access](#role-based-access)
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- [Replicated DataSets](#replicated-datasets)
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- [Cluster Scalability](#cluster-scalability)
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## Be Careful with Root CAs
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## Be Careful with Root CAs
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Vault storage is secure, but not as secure as a piece of paper in a bank vault.
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Vault storage is secure, but not as secure as a piece of paper in a bank vault.
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@ -271,7 +293,7 @@ be used sparingly, if at all).
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generally recommend to set `no_store` to `true` (defaults to `false`).
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generally recommend to set `no_store` to `true` (defaults to `false`).
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This prevents revocation but allows higher throughput as Vault no longer
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This prevents revocation but allows higher throughput as Vault no longer
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needs to store every issued certificate. This is discussed more in the
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needs to store every issued certificate. This is discussed more in the
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[Certificate Storage](#certificate-storage) section below.
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[Replicated Datasets](#replicated-datasets) section below.
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- Do not use roles with root certificates (`issuer_ref`). Root certificates
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- Do not use roles with root certificates (`issuer_ref`). Root certificates
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should generally only issue intermediates (see the section on [CA hierarchy
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should generally only issue intermediates (see the section on [CA hierarchy
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above](#use-a-ca-hierarchy)), which doesn't rely on roles.
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above](#use-a-ca-hierarchy)), which doesn't rely on roles.
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@ -279,18 +301,6 @@ be used sparingly, if at all).
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for all purposes. Generally the default values are useful for client and
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for all purposes. Generally the default values are useful for client and
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server TLS authentication.
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server TLS authentication.
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## Certificate Storage
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Unlike many secrets engines which replicate their state to all clusters
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in multi-cluster architectures, the PKI secrets engine stores leaf certificates
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issued with `no_store` set to `false` local to the cluster that issued them.
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This allows for both primary and secondary clusters' nodes to issue
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certificates for greater scalability. As a result, these certificates
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and any revocations are visible only on the issuing cluster. This additionally
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means each cluster has its own set of CRLs, distinct from other clusters. These
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CRLs should either be unified into a single CRL for distribution from a single
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URI, or server operators should know to fetch all CRLs from all clusters.
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## Telemetry
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## Telemetry
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Beyond Vault's default telemetry around request processing, PKI exposes count and
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Beyond Vault's default telemetry around request processing, PKI exposes count and
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@ -434,6 +444,63 @@ For these personas, we suggest the following ACLs, in condensed, tabular form:
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| `/root/rotate/+` | Write | Yes | | | | |
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| `/root/rotate/+` | Write | Yes | | | | |
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| `/root/replace` | Write | Yes | | | | |
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| `/root/replace` | Write | Yes | | | | |
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## Replicated DataSets
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When operating with [Performance Secondary](/docs/enterprise/replication#architecture)
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clusters, certain data-sets are maintained across all clusters, while others for performance
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and scalability reasons are kept within a given cluster.
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The following table breaks down by data type what data sets will cross the cluster boundaries.
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For data-types that do not cross a cluster boundary, read requests for that data will need to be
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sent to the appropriate cluster that the data was generated on.
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| Data Set | Replicated Across Clusters |
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|--------------------------|----------------------------|
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| Issuers & Keys | Yes |
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| Roles | Yes |
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| CRL Config | Yes |
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| URL Config | Yes |
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| Issuer Config | Yes |
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| Key Config | Yes |
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| CRL | No |
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| Revoked Certificates | No |
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| Leaf/Issued Certificates | No |
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The main effect is that within the PKI secrets engine leaf certificates
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issued with `no_store` set to `false` are stored local to the cluster that issued them.
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This allows for both primary and [Performance Secondary](/docs/enterprise/replication#architecture)
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clusters' active node to issue certificates for greater scalability. As a
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result, these certificates and any revocations are visible only on the issuing
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cluster. This additionally means each cluster has its own set of CRLs, distinct
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from other clusters. These CRLs should either be unified into a single CRL for
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distribution from a single URI, or server operators should know to fetch all
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CRLs from all clusters.
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## Cluster Scalability
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Most non-introspection operations in the PKI secrets engine require a write to
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storage, and so are forwarded to the cluster's active node for execution.
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This table outlines which operations can be executed on performance standby nodes
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and thus scale horizontally across all nodes within a cluster.
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| Path | Operations |
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|-------------------------------|----------------------|
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| ca[/pem] | Read |
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| cert/<em>serial-number</em> | Read |
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| cert/ca_chain | Read |
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| config/crl | Read |
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| certs | List |
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| ca_chain | Read |
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| crl[/pem] | Read |
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| issue | Update <sup>\*</sup> |
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| revoke/<em>serial-number</em> | Read |
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| sign | Update <sup>\*</sup> |
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| sign-verbatim | Update <sup>\*</sup> |
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\* Only if the corresponding role has `no_store` set to true and `generate_lease`
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set to false. If `generate_lease` is true the lease creation will be forwarded to
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the active node; if `no_store` is false the entire request will be forwarded to
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the active node.
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## Tutorial
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## Tutorial
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