open-vault/website/content/docs/agent/index.mdx

---
layout: docs
page_title: Vault Agent
description: |-
  Vault Agent is a client-side daemon that can be used to perform some Vault
  functionality automatically.
---

# Vault Agent

A valid client token must accompany most requests to Vault. This
includes all API requests, as well as via the Vault CLI and other libraries.
Therefore, Vault clients must first authenticate with Vault to acquire a token.
Vault provides several different authentication methods to assist in
delivering this initial token.

![Client authentication](/img/diagram-vault-agent.png)

If the client can securely acquire the token, all subsequent requests (e.g., request
database credentials, read key/value secrets) are processed based on the
trust established by a successful authentication.

This means that client application must invoke the Vault API to authenticate
with Vault and manage the acquired token, in addition to invoking the API to
request secrets from Vault. This implies code changes to client applications
along with additional testing and maintenance of the application.

The following code example implements Vault API to authenticate with Vault
through [AppRole auth method](/vault/docs/auth/approle#code-example), and then uses
the returned client token to read secrets at `kv-v2/data/creds`.

```go
package main

import (
    ...snip...
    vault "github.com/hashicorp/vault/api"
)

// Fetches a key-value secret (kv-v2) after authenticating via AppRole
func getSecretWithAppRole() (string, error) {
    config := vault.DefaultConfig()

    client := vault.NewClient(config)
    wrappingToken := ioutil.ReadFile("path/to/wrapping-token")
    unwrappedToken := client.Logical().Unwrap(strings.TrimSuffix(string(wrappingToken), "\n"))

    secretID := unwrappedToken.Data["secret_id"]
    roleID := os.Getenv("APPROLE_ROLE_ID")

    params := map[string]interface{}{
        "role_id":   roleID,
        "secret_id": secretID,
    }
    resp := client.Logical().Write("auth/approle/login", params)
    client.SetToken(resp.Auth.ClientToken)

    secret, err := client.Logical().Read("kv-v2/data/creds")
    if err != nil {
        return "", fmt.Errorf("unable to read secret: %w", err)
    }

    data := secret.Data["data"].(map[string]interface{})

    ...snip...
}
```

For some Vault deployments, making (and maintaining) these changes to
applications may not be a problem, and may actually be preferred. This may be
applied to scenarios where you have a small number of applications or you want
to keep strict, customized control over how each application interacts with
Vault. However, in other situations where you have a large number of
applications, as in large enterprises, you may not have the resources or expertise
to update and maintain the Vault integration code for every application. When
third party applications are being deployed by the application, it is prohibited
to add the Vault integration code.

Vault Agent aims to remove this initial hurdle to adopt Vault by providing a
more scalable and simpler way for applications to integrate with Vault.

## What is Vault Agent?

Vault Agent is a client daemon that provides the following features:

- [Auto-Auth][autoauth] - Automatically authenticate to Vault and manage the
  token renewal process for locally-retrieved dynamic secrets.
- [API Proxy][apiproxy] - Allows Vault Agent to act as a proxy for Vault's API,
  optionally using (or forcing the use of) the Auto-Auth token.
- [Caching][caching] - Allows client-side caching of responses containing newly
  created tokens and responses containing leased secrets generated off of these
  newly created tokens. The agent also manages the renewals of the cached tokens and leases.
- [Windows Service][winsvc] - Allows running the Vault Agent as a Windows
  service.
- [Templating][template] - Allows rendering of user-supplied templates by Vault
  Agent, using the token generated by the Auto-Auth step.

## Auto-Auth

Vault Agent allows easy authentication to Vault in a wide variety of
environments. Please see the [Auto-Auth docs][autoauth]
for information.

Auto-Auth functionality takes place within an `auto_auth` configuration stanza.

## API Proxy

Vault Agent can act as an API proxy for Vault, allowing you to talk to Vault's
API via a listener defined for Agent. It can be configured to optionally allow or force the automatic use of
the Auto-Auth token for these requests. Please see the [API Proxy docs][apiproxy]
for more information.

API Proxy functionality takes place within a defined `listener`, and its behaviour can be configured with an
[`api_proxy` stanza](/vault/docs/agent/apiproxy#configuration-api_proxy).

## Caching

Vault Agent allows client-side caching of responses containing newly created tokens
and responses containing leased secrets generated off of these newly created tokens.
Please see the [Caching docs][caching] for information.

## API

### Quit

This endpoints triggers shutdown of the agent. By default, it is disabled, and can
be enabled per listener using the [`agent_api`][agent-api] stanza. It is recommended
to only enable this on trusted interfaces, as it does not require any authorization to use.

| Method | Path             |
| :----- | :--------------- |
| `POST` | `/agent/v1/quit` |

### Cache

See the [caching](/vault/docs/agent/caching#api) page for details on the cache API.

## Configuration

### Command Options

- `-log-level` ((#\_log_level)) `(string: "info")` - Log verbosity level. Supported values (in
  order of descending detail) are `trace`, `debug`, `info`, `warn`, and `error`. This can
  also be specified via the `VAULT_LOG_LEVEL` environment variable.

- `-log-format` ((#\_log_format)) `(string: "standard")` - Log format. Supported values
  are `standard` and `json`. This can also be specified via the
  `VAULT_LOG_FORMAT` environment variable.

- `-log-file` ((#\_log_file)) - writes all the Vault agent log messages
  to a file. This value is used as a prefix for the log file name. The current timestamp
  is appended to the file name. If the value ends in a path separator, `vault-agent`
  will be appended to the value. If the file name is missing an extension, `.log`
  is appended. For example, setting `log-file` to `/var/log/` would result in a log
  file path of `/var/log/vault-agent-{timestamp}.log`. `log-file` can be combined with
  [`-log-rotate-bytes`](#_log_rotate_bytes) and [`-log-rotate-duration`](#_log_rotate_duration)
  for a fine-grained log rotation experience.

- `-log-rotate-bytes` ((#\_log_rotate_bytes)) - to specify the number of
  bytes that should be written to a log before it needs to be rotated. Unless specified,
  there is no limit to the number of bytes that can be written to a log file.

- `-log-rotate-duration` ((#\_log_rotate_duration)) - to specify the maximum
  duration a log should be written to before it needs to be rotated. Must be a duration
  value such as 30s. Defaults to 24h.

- `-log-rotate-max-files` ((#\_log_rotate_max_files)) - to specify the maximum
  number of older log file archives to keep. Defaults to `0` (no files are ever deleted).
  Set to `-1` to discard old log files when a new one is created.

### Configuration File Options

These are the currently-available general configuration options:

- `vault` <code>([vault][vault]: <optional\>)</code> - Specifies the remote Vault server the Agent connects to.

- `auto_auth` <code>([auto_auth][autoauth]: <optional\>)</code> - Specifies the method and other options used for Auto-Auth functionality.

- `api_proxy` <code>([api_proxy][apiproxy]: <optional\>)</code> - Specifies options used for API Proxy functionality.

- `cache` <code>([cache][caching]: <optional\>)</code> - Specifies options used for Caching functionality.

- `listener` <code>([listener][listener]: <optional\>)</code> - Specifies the addresses and ports on which the Agent will respond to requests.

  ~> **Note:** On `SIGHUP` (`kill -SIGHUP $(pidof vault)`), Vault Agent will attempt to reload listener TLS configuration.
  This method can be used to refresh certificates used by Vault Agent without having to restart its process.

- `pid_file` `(string: "")` - Path to the file in which the agent's Process ID
  (PID) should be stored

- `exit_after_auth` `(bool: false)` - If set to `true`, the agent will exit
  with code `0` after a single successful auth, where success means that a
  token was retrieved and all sinks successfully wrote it

- `disable_idle_connections` `(string array: [])` - A list of strings that disables idle connections for various features in Vault Agent.
  Valid values include: `auto-auth`, `caching`, `proxying`, and `templating`. `proxying` configures this for the API proxy, which is
  identical in function to `caching` for historical reasons. Can also be configured by setting the `VAULT_AGENT_DISABLE_IDLE_CONNECTIONS`
  environment variable as a comma separated string. This environment variable will override any values found in a configuration file.

- `disable_keep_alives` `(string array: [])` - A list of strings that disables keep alives for various features in Vault Agent.
  Valid values include: `auto-auth`, `caching`, `proxying`, and `templating`. `proxying` configures this for the API proxy, which is
  identical in function to `caching` for historical reasons. Can also be configured by setting the `VAULT_AGENT_DISABLE_KEEP_ALIVES`
  environment variable as a comma separated string. This environment variable will override any values found in a configuration file.

- `template` <code>([template][template]: <optional\>)</code> - Specifies options used for templating Vault secrets to files.

- `template_config` <code>([template_config][template-config]: <optional\>)</code> - Specifies templating engine behavior.

- `telemetry` <code>([telemetry][telemetry]: <optional\>)</code> – Specifies the telemetry
  reporting system. See the [telemetry Stanza](/vault/docs/agent#telemetry-stanza) section below
  for a list of metrics specific to Agent.

- `log_level` - Equivalent to the [`-log-level` command-line flag](#_log_level).

  ~> **Note:** On `SIGHUP` (`kill -SIGHUP $(pidof vault)`), Vault Agent will update the log level to the value
  specified by configuration file (including overriding values set using CLI or environment variable parameters).

- `log_format` - Equivalent to the [`-log-format` command-line flag](#_log_format).

- `log_file` - Equivalent to the [`-log-file` command-line flag](#_log_file).

- `log_rotate_duration` - Equivalent to the [`-log-rotate-duration` command-line flag](#_log_rotate_duration).

- `log_rotate_bytes` - Equivalent to the [`-log-rotate-bytes` command-line flag](#_log_rotate_bytes).

- `log_rotate_max_files` - Equivalent to the [`-log-rotate-max-files` command-line flag](#_log_rotate_max_files).

### vault Stanza

There can at most be one top level `vault` block, and it has the following
configuration entries:

- `address` `(string: <optional>)` - The address of the Vault server to
  connect to. This should be a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) or IP
  such as `https://vault-fqdn:8200` or `https://172.16.9.8:8200`.
  This value can be overridden by setting the `VAULT_ADDR` environment variable.

- `ca_cert` `(string: <optional>)` - Path on the local disk to a single PEM-encoded
  CA certificate to verify the Vault server's SSL certificate. This value can
  be overridden by setting the `VAULT_CACERT` environment variable.

- `ca_path` `(string: <optional>)` - Path on the local disk to a directory of
  PEM-encoded CA certificates to verify the Vault server's SSL certificate.
  This value can be overridden by setting the `VAULT_CAPATH` environment
  variable.

- `client_cert` `(string: <optional>)` - Path on the local disk to a single
  PEM-encoded CA certificate to use for TLS authentication to the Vault server.
  This value can be overridden by setting the `VAULT_CLIENT_CERT` environment
  variable.

- `client_key` `(string: <optional>)` - Path on the local disk to a single
  PEM-encoded private key matching the client certificate from `client_cert`.
  This value can be overridden by setting the `VAULT_CLIENT_KEY` environment
  variable.

- `tls_skip_verify` `(string: <optional>)` - Disable verification of TLS
  certificates. Using this option is highly discouraged as it decreases the
  security of data transmissions to and from the Vault server. This value can
  be overridden by setting the `VAULT_SKIP_VERIFY` environment variable.

- `tls_server_name` `(string: <optional>)` - Name to use as the SNI host when
  connecting via TLS. This value can be overridden by setting the
  `VAULT_TLS_SERVER_NAME` environment variable.

#### retry Stanza

The `vault` stanza may contain a `retry` stanza that controls how failing Vault
requests are handled, whether these requests are issued in order to render
templates, or are proxied requests coming from the api proxy subsystem.
Auto-auth, however, has its own notion of retrying and is not affected by this
section.

For requests from the templating engine, Vaul Agent will reset its retry counter and
perform retries again once all retries are exhausted. This means that templating
will retry on failures indefinitely unless `exit_on_retry_failure` from the
[`template_config`][template-config] stanza is set to `true`.

Here are the options for the `retry` stanza:

- `num_retries` `(int: 12)` - Specify how many times a failing request will
  be retried. A value of `0` translates to the default, i.e. 12 retries.
  A value of `-1` disables retries. The environment variable `VAULT_MAX_RETRIES`
  overrides this setting.

There are a few subtleties to be aware of here. First, requests originating
from the proxy cache will only be retried if they resulted in specific HTTP
result codes: any 50x code except 501 ("not implemented"), as well as 412
("precondition failed"); 412 is used in Vault Enterprise 1.7+ to indicate a
stale read due to eventual consistency. Requests coming from the template
subsystem are retried regardless of the failure.

Second, templating retries may be performed by both the templating engine _and_
the cache proxy if Vault Agent [persistent
cache][persistent-cache] is enabled. This is due to the
fact that templating requests go through the cache proxy when persistence is
enabled.

Third, the backoff algorithm used to set the time between retries differs for
the template and cache subsystems. This is a technical limitation we hope
to address in the future.

### listener Stanza

Vault Agent supports one or more [listener][listener_main] stanzas. Listeners
can be configured with or without [caching][caching], but will use the cache if it
has been configured, and will enable the [API proxy][apiproxy]. In addition to the standard
listener configuration, an Agent's listener configuration also supports the following:

- `require_request_header` `(bool: false)` - Require that all incoming HTTP
  requests on this listener must have an `X-Vault-Request: true` header entry.
  Using this option offers an additional layer of protection from Server Side
  Request Forgery attacks. Requests on the listener that do not have the proper
  `X-Vault-Request` header will fail, with a HTTP response status code of `412: Precondition Failed`.

- `role` `(string: default)` - `role` determines which APIs the listener serves.
  It can be configured to `metrics_only` to serve only metrics, or the default role, `default`,
  which serves everything (including metrics). The `require_request_header` does not apply
  to `metrics_only` listeners.

- `agent_api` <code>([agent_api][agent-api]: <optional\>)</code> - Manages optional Agent API endpoints.

#### agent_api Stanza

- `enable_quit` `(bool: false)` - If set to `true`, the agent will enable the [quit](/vault/docs/agent#quit) API.

### telemetry Stanza

Vault Agent supports the [telemetry][telemetry] stanza and collects various
runtime metrics about its performance, the auto-auth and the cache status:

| Metric                           | Description                                          | Type    |
| -------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| `vault.agent.auth.failure`       | Number of authentication failures                    | counter |
| `vault.agent.auth.success`       | Number of authentication successes                   | counter |
| `vault.agent.proxy.success`      | Number of requests successfully proxied              | counter |
| `vault.agent.proxy.client_error` | Number of requests for which Vault returned an error | counter |
| `vault.agent.proxy.error`        | Number of requests the agent failed to proxy         | counter |
| `vault.agent.cache.hit`          | Number of cache hits                                 | counter |
| `vault.agent.cache.miss`         | Number of cache misses                               | counter |

## Start Vault Agent

To run Vault Agent:

1. [Download](/vault/downloads) the Vault binary where the client application runs
   (virtual machine, Kubernetes pod, etc.)

1. Create a Vault Agent configuration file. (See the [Example
   Configuration](#example-configuration) section for an example configuration.)

1. Start a Vault Agent with the configuration file.

   **Example:**

   ```shell-session
   $ vault agent -config=/etc/vault/agent-config.hcl
   ```

   To get help, run:

   ```shell-session
   $ vault agent -h
   ```

As with Vault, the `-config` flag can be used in three different ways:

- Use the flag once to name the path to a single specific configuration file.
- Use the flag multiple times to name multiple configuration files, which will be composed at runtime.
- Use the flag to name a directory of configuration files, the contents of which will be composed at runtime.

## Example Configuration

An example configuration, with very contrived values, follows:

```hcl
pid_file = "./pidfile"

vault {
  address = "https://vault-fqdn:8200"
  retry {
    num_retries = 5
  }
}

auto_auth {
  method "aws" {
    mount_path = "auth/aws-subaccount"
    config = {
      type = "iam"
      role = "foobar"
    }
  }

  sink "file" {
    config = {
      path = "/tmp/file-foo"
    }
  }

  sink "file" {
    wrap_ttl = "5m"
    aad_env_var = "TEST_AAD_ENV"
    dh_type = "curve25519"
    dh_path = "/tmp/file-foo-dhpath2"
    config = {
      path = "/tmp/file-bar"
    }
  }
}

cache {
  // An empty cache stanza still enables caching
}

api_proxy {
  use_auto_auth_token = true
}

listener "unix" {
  address = "/path/to/socket"
  tls_disable = true

  agent_api {
    enable_quit = true
  }
}

listener "tcp" {
  address = "127.0.0.1:8100"
  tls_disable = true
}

template {
  source = "/etc/vault/server.key.ctmpl"
  destination = "/etc/vault/server.key"
}

template {
  source = "/etc/vault/server.crt.ctmpl"
  destination = "/etc/vault/server.crt"
}
```

[vault]: /vault/docs/agent#vault-stanza
[autoauth]: /vault/docs/agent/autoauth
[caching]: /vault/docs/agent/caching
[apiproxy]: /vault/docs/agent/apiproxy
[persistent-cache]: /vault/docs/agent/caching/persistent-caches
[template]: /vault/docs/agent/template
[template-config]: /vault/docs/agent/template#template-configurations
[agent-api]: /vault/docs/agent/#agent_api-stanza
[listener]: /vault/docs/agent#listener-stanza
[listener_main]: /vault/docs/configuration/listener/tcp
[winsvc]: /vault/docs/agent/winsvc
[telemetry]: /vault/docs/configuration/telemetry