// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc. // SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0 package nomad import ( "fmt" "path" "testing" "time" msgpackrpc "github.com/hashicorp/net-rpc-msgpackrpc" "github.com/hashicorp/nomad/acl" "github.com/hashicorp/nomad/ci" "github.com/hashicorp/nomad/helper/pointer" "github.com/hashicorp/nomad/helper/uuid" "github.com/hashicorp/nomad/nomad/mock" "github.com/hashicorp/nomad/nomad/structs" "github.com/hashicorp/nomad/nomad/structs/config" "github.com/hashicorp/nomad/testutil" "github.com/shoenig/test" "github.com/shoenig/test/must" "github.com/stretchr/testify/require" ) func TestAuthenticate_mTLS(t *testing.T) { ci.Parallel(t) // Set up a cluster with mTLS and ACLs dir := t.TempDir() tlsCfg := &config.TLSConfig{ EnableHTTP: true, EnableRPC: true, VerifyServerHostname: true, CAFile: "../helper/tlsutil/testdata/nomad-agent-ca.pem", CertFile: "../helper/tlsutil/testdata/regionFoo-server-nomad.pem", KeyFile: "../helper/tlsutil/testdata/regionFoo-server-nomad-key.pem", } clientTLSCfg := tlsCfg.Copy() clientTLSCfg.CertFile = "../helper/tlsutil/testdata/regionFoo-client-nomad.pem" clientTLSCfg.KeyFile = "../helper/tlsutil/testdata/regionFoo-client-nomad-key.pem" setCfg := func(name string, bootstrapExpect int) func(*Config) { return func(c *Config) { c.Region = "regionFoo" c.AuthoritativeRegion = "regionFoo" c.ACLEnabled = true c.BootstrapExpect = bootstrapExpect c.NumSchedulers = 0 c.DevMode = false c.DataDir = path.Join(dir, name) c.TLSConfig = tlsCfg } } leader, cleanupLeader := TestServer(t, setCfg("node1", 1)) defer cleanupLeader() testutil.WaitForLeader(t, leader.RPC) follower, cleanupFollower := TestServer(t, setCfg("node2", 0)) defer cleanupFollower() TestJoin(t, leader, follower) testutil.WaitForLeader(t, leader.RPC) testutil.Wait(t, func() (bool, error) { keyset, err := follower.encrypter.activeKeySet() return keyset != nil, err }) rootToken := uuid.Generate() var bootstrapResp *structs.ACLTokenUpsertResponse codec := rpcClientWithTLS(t, follower, tlsCfg) must.NoError(t, msgpackrpc.CallWithCodec(codec, "ACL.Bootstrap", &structs.ACLTokenBootstrapRequest{ BootstrapSecret: rootToken, WriteRequest: structs.WriteRequest{Region: "regionFoo"}, }, &bootstrapResp)) must.NotNil(t, bootstrapResp) must.Len(t, 1, bootstrapResp.Tokens) rootAccessor := bootstrapResp.Tokens[0].AccessorID // create some ACL tokens directly into raft so we can bypass RPC validation // around expiration times token1 := mock.ACLToken() token2 := mock.ACLToken() expireTime := time.Now().Add(time.Second * -10) token2.ExpirationTime = &expireTime _, _, err := leader.raftApply(structs.ACLTokenUpsertRequestType, &structs.ACLTokenUpsertRequest{Tokens: []*structs.ACLToken{token1, token2}}) must.NoError(t, err) // create a node so we can test client RPCs node := mock.Node() nodeRegisterReq := &structs.NodeRegisterRequest{ Node: node, WriteRequest: structs.WriteRequest{Region: "regionFoo"}, } var nodeRegisterResp structs.NodeUpdateResponse must.NoError(t, msgpackrpc.CallWithCodec(codec, "Node.Register", nodeRegisterReq, &nodeRegisterResp)) must.NotNil(t, bootstrapResp) // create some allocations so we can test WorkloadIdentity claims. we'll // create directly into raft so we can bypass RPC validation and the whole // eval, plan, etc. workflow. job := mock.Job() _, _, err = leader.raftApply(structs.JobRegisterRequestType, &structs.JobRegisterRequest{Job: job}) must.NoError(t, err) alloc1 := mock.Alloc() alloc1.NodeID = node.ID alloc1.ClientStatus = structs.AllocClientStatusFailed alloc1.Job = job alloc1.JobID = job.ID alloc2 := mock.Alloc() alloc2.NodeID = node.ID alloc2.Job = job alloc2.JobID = job.ID alloc2.ClientStatus = structs.AllocClientStatusRunning claims1 := alloc1.ToTaskIdentityClaims(nil, "web") claims1Token, _, err := leader.encrypter.SignClaims(claims1) must.NoError(t, err, must.Sprint("could not sign claims")) claims2 := alloc2.ToTaskIdentityClaims(nil, "web") claims2Token, _, err := leader.encrypter.SignClaims(claims2) must.NoError(t, err, must.Sprint("could not sign claims")) planReq := &structs.ApplyPlanResultsRequest{ AllocUpdateRequest: structs.AllocUpdateRequest{ Alloc: []*structs.Allocation{alloc1, alloc2}, Job: job, }, } _, _, err = leader.raftApply(structs.ApplyPlanResultsRequestType, planReq) must.NoError(t, err) testutil.WaitForResult(func() (bool, error) { store := follower.fsm.State() alloc, err := store.AllocByID(nil, alloc1.ID) return alloc != nil, err }, func(err error) { t.Fatalf("alloc was not replicated via raft: %v", err) // should never happen }) testCases := []struct { name string tlsCfg *config.TLSConfig stale bool testToken string expectAccessor string expectClientID string expectAllocID string expectTLSName string expectIP string expectErr string expectIDKey string sendFromPeer *Server }{ { name: "root token", tlsCfg: clientTLSCfg, // TODO: this is a mixed use cert testToken: rootToken, expectAccessor: rootAccessor, expectIDKey: fmt.Sprintf("token:%s", rootAccessor), }, { name: "from peer to leader without token", // ex. Eval.Dequeue tlsCfg: tlsCfg, expectTLSName: "server.regionFoo.nomad", expectAccessor: "anonymous", expectIP: follower.GetConfig().RPCAddr.IP.String(), sendFromPeer: follower, expectIDKey: "token:anonymous", }, { // note: this test is somewhat bogus because under test all the // servers share the same IP address with the RPC client name: "anonymous forwarded from peer to leader", tlsCfg: tlsCfg, expectAccessor: "anonymous", expectTLSName: "server.regionFoo.nomad", expectIP: "127.0.0.1", expectIDKey: "token:anonymous", }, { name: "invalid token", tlsCfg: clientTLSCfg, testToken: uuid.Generate(), expectTLSName: "server.regionFoo.nomad", expectIP: follower.GetConfig().RPCAddr.IP.String(), expectIDKey: "server.regionFoo.nomad:127.0.0.1", expectErr: "rpc error: Permission denied", }, { name: "from peer to leader with leader ACL", // ex. core job GC tlsCfg: tlsCfg, testToken: leader.getLeaderAcl(), expectTLSName: "server.regionFoo.nomad", expectAccessor: "leader", expectIP: follower.GetConfig().RPCAddr.IP.String(), sendFromPeer: follower, expectIDKey: "token:leader", }, { name: "from client", // ex. Node.GetAllocs tlsCfg: clientTLSCfg, testToken: node.SecretID, expectClientID: node.ID, expectIDKey: fmt.Sprintf("client:%s", node.ID), }, { name: "from client missing secret", // ex. Node.Register tlsCfg: clientTLSCfg, expectAccessor: "anonymous", expectTLSName: "server.regionFoo.nomad", expectIP: follower.GetConfig().RPCAddr.IP.String(), }, { name: "from failed workload", // ex. Variables.List tlsCfg: clientTLSCfg, testToken: claims1Token, expectErr: "rpc error: allocation is terminal", }, { name: "from running workload", // ex. Variables.List tlsCfg: clientTLSCfg, testToken: claims2Token, expectAllocID: alloc2.ID, expectIDKey: fmt.Sprintf("alloc:%s", alloc2.ID), }, { name: "valid user token", tlsCfg: clientTLSCfg, testToken: token1.SecretID, expectAccessor: token1.AccessorID, expectIDKey: fmt.Sprintf("token:%s", token1.AccessorID), }, { name: "expired user token", tlsCfg: clientTLSCfg, testToken: token2.SecretID, expectErr: "rpc error: ACL token expired", }, } for _, tc := range testCases { t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) { req := &structs.GenericRequest{ QueryOptions: structs.QueryOptions{ Region: "regionFoo", AllowStale: tc.stale, AuthToken: tc.testToken, }, } var resp structs.ACLWhoAmIResponse var err error if tc.sendFromPeer != nil { aclEndpoint := NewACLEndpoint(tc.sendFromPeer, nil) err = aclEndpoint.WhoAmI(req, &resp) } else { err = msgpackrpc.CallWithCodec(codec, "ACL.WhoAmI", req, &resp) } if tc.expectErr != "" { must.EqError(t, err, tc.expectErr) return } must.NoError(t, err) must.NotNil(t, resp) must.NotNil(t, resp.Identity) if tc.expectIDKey != "" { must.Eq(t, tc.expectIDKey, resp.Identity.String(), must.Sprintf("expected identity key for metrics to match")) } if tc.expectAccessor != "" { must.NotNil(t, resp.Identity.ACLToken, must.Sprint("expected ACL token")) test.Eq(t, tc.expectAccessor, resp.Identity.ACLToken.AccessorID, test.Sprint("expected ACL token accessor ID")) } test.Eq(t, tc.expectClientID, resp.Identity.ClientID, test.Sprint("expected client ID")) if tc.expectAllocID != "" { must.NotNil(t, resp.Identity.Claims, must.Sprint("expected claims")) test.Eq(t, tc.expectAllocID, resp.Identity.Claims.AllocationID, test.Sprint("expected workload identity")) } test.Eq(t, tc.expectTLSName, resp.Identity.TLSName, test.Sprint("expected TLS name")) if tc.expectIP == "" { test.Nil(t, resp.Identity.RemoteIP, test.Sprint("expected no remote IP")) } else { test.Eq(t, tc.expectIP, resp.Identity.RemoteIP.String()) } }) } } func TestResolveACLToken(t *testing.T) { ci.Parallel(t) testCases := []struct { name string testFn func() }{ { name: "leader token", testFn: func() { testServer, _, testServerCleanup := TestACLServer(t, nil) defer testServerCleanup() testutil.WaitForLeader(t, testServer.RPC) // Check the leader ACL token is correctly set. leaderACL := testServer.getLeaderAcl() require.NotEmpty(t, leaderACL) // Resolve the token and ensure it's a management token. aclResp, err := testServer.ResolveToken(leaderACL) require.NoError(t, err) require.NotNil(t, aclResp) require.True(t, aclResp.IsManagement()) }, }, { name: "anonymous token", testFn: func() { testServer, _, testServerCleanup := TestACLServer(t, nil) defer testServerCleanup() testutil.WaitForLeader(t, testServer.RPC) // Call the function with an empty input secret ID which is // classed as representing anonymous access in clusters with // ACLs enabled. aclResp, err := testServer.ResolveToken("") require.NoError(t, err) require.NotNil(t, aclResp) require.False(t, aclResp.IsManagement()) }, }, { name: "token not found", testFn: func() { testServer, _, testServerCleanup := TestACLServer(t, nil) defer testServerCleanup() testutil.WaitForLeader(t, testServer.RPC) // Call the function with randomly generated secret ID which // does not exist within state. aclResp, err := testServer.ResolveToken(uuid.Generate()) require.Equal(t, structs.ErrTokenNotFound, err) require.Nil(t, aclResp) }, }, { name: "token expired", testFn: func() { testServer, _, testServerCleanup := TestACLServer(t, nil) defer testServerCleanup() testutil.WaitForLeader(t, testServer.RPC) // Create a mock token with an expiration time long in the // past, and upsert. token := mock.ACLToken() token.ExpirationTime = pointer.Of(time.Date( 1970, time.January, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)) err := testServer.State().UpsertACLTokens( structs.MsgTypeTestSetup, 10, []*structs.ACLToken{token}) require.NoError(t, err) // Perform the function call which should result in finding the // token has expired. aclResp, err := testServer.ResolveToken(uuid.Generate()) require.Equal(t, structs.ErrTokenNotFound, err) require.Nil(t, aclResp) }, }, { name: "management token", testFn: func() { testServer, _, testServerCleanup := TestACLServer(t, nil) defer testServerCleanup() testutil.WaitForLeader(t, testServer.RPC) // Generate a management token and upsert this. managementToken := mock.ACLToken() managementToken.Type = structs.ACLManagementToken managementToken.Policies = nil err := testServer.State().UpsertACLTokens( structs.MsgTypeTestSetup, 10, []*structs.ACLToken{managementToken}) require.NoError(t, err) // Resolve the token and check that we received a management // ACL. aclResp, err := testServer.ResolveToken(managementToken.SecretID) require.Nil(t, err) require.NotNil(t, aclResp) require.True(t, aclResp.IsManagement()) require.Equal(t, acl.ManagementACL, aclResp) }, }, { name: "client token with policies only", testFn: func() { testServer, _, testServerCleanup := TestACLServer(t, nil) defer testServerCleanup() testutil.WaitForLeader(t, testServer.RPC) // Generate a client token with associated policies and upsert // these. policy1 := mock.ACLPolicy() policy2 := mock.ACLPolicy() err := testServer.State().UpsertACLPolicies( structs.MsgTypeTestSetup, 10, []*structs.ACLPolicy{policy1, policy2}) clientToken := mock.ACLToken() clientToken.Policies = []string{policy1.Name, policy2.Name} err = testServer.State().UpsertACLTokens( structs.MsgTypeTestSetup, 20, []*structs.ACLToken{clientToken}) require.NoError(t, err) // Resolve the token and check that we received a client // ACL with appropriate permissions. aclResp, err := testServer.ResolveToken(clientToken.SecretID) require.Nil(t, err) require.NotNil(t, aclResp) require.False(t, aclResp.IsManagement()) allowed := aclResp.AllowNamespaceOperation("default", acl.NamespaceCapabilityListJobs) require.True(t, allowed) allowed = aclResp.AllowNamespaceOperation("other", acl.NamespaceCapabilityListJobs) require.False(t, allowed) // Resolve the same token again and ensure we get the same // result. aclResp2, err := testServer.ResolveToken(clientToken.SecretID) require.Nil(t, err) require.NotNil(t, aclResp2) require.Equal(t, aclResp, aclResp2) // Bust the cache by upserting the policy err = testServer.State().UpsertACLPolicies( structs.MsgTypeTestSetup, 30, []*structs.ACLPolicy{policy1}) require.Nil(t, err) // Resolve the same token again, should get different value aclResp3, err := testServer.ResolveToken(clientToken.SecretID) require.Nil(t, err) require.NotNil(t, aclResp3) require.NotEqual(t, aclResp2, aclResp3) }, }, { name: "client token with roles only", testFn: func() { testServer, _, testServerCleanup := TestACLServer(t, nil) defer testServerCleanup() testutil.WaitForLeader(t, testServer.RPC) // Create a client token that only has a link to a role. policy1 := mock.ACLPolicy() policy2 := mock.ACLPolicy() err := testServer.State().UpsertACLPolicies( structs.MsgTypeTestSetup, 10, []*structs.ACLPolicy{policy1, policy2}) aclRole := mock.ACLRole() aclRole.Policies = []*structs.ACLRolePolicyLink{ {Name: policy1.Name}, {Name: policy2.Name}, } err = testServer.State().UpsertACLRoles( structs.MsgTypeTestSetup, 30, []*structs.ACLRole{aclRole}, false) require.NoError(t, err) clientToken := mock.ACLToken() clientToken.Policies = []string{} clientToken.Roles = []*structs.ACLTokenRoleLink{{ID: aclRole.ID}} err = testServer.State().UpsertACLTokens( structs.MsgTypeTestSetup, 30, []*structs.ACLToken{clientToken}) require.NoError(t, err) // Resolve the token and check that we received a client // ACL with appropriate permissions. aclResp, err := testServer.ResolveToken(clientToken.SecretID) require.Nil(t, err) require.NotNil(t, aclResp) require.False(t, aclResp.IsManagement()) allowed := aclResp.AllowNamespaceOperation("default", acl.NamespaceCapabilityListJobs) require.True(t, allowed) allowed = aclResp.AllowNamespaceOperation("other", acl.NamespaceCapabilityListJobs) require.False(t, allowed) // Remove the policies from the ACL role and ensure the resolution // permissions are updated. aclRole.Policies = []*structs.ACLRolePolicyLink{} err = testServer.State().UpsertACLRoles( structs.MsgTypeTestSetup, 40, []*structs.ACLRole{aclRole}, false) require.NoError(t, err) aclResp, err = testServer.ResolveToken(clientToken.SecretID) require.Nil(t, err) require.NotNil(t, aclResp) require.False(t, aclResp.IsManagement()) require.False(t, aclResp.AllowNamespaceOperation("default", acl.NamespaceCapabilityListJobs)) }, }, { name: "client with roles and policies", testFn: func() { testServer, _, testServerCleanup := TestACLServer(t, nil) defer testServerCleanup() testutil.WaitForLeader(t, testServer.RPC) // Generate two policies, each with a different namespace // permission set. policy1 := &structs.ACLPolicy{ Name: "policy-" + uuid.Generate(), Rules: `namespace "platform" { policy = "write"}`, CreateIndex: 10, ModifyIndex: 10, } policy1.SetHash() policy2 := &structs.ACLPolicy{ Name: "policy-" + uuid.Generate(), Rules: `namespace "web" { policy = "write"}`, CreateIndex: 10, ModifyIndex: 10, } policy2.SetHash() err := testServer.State().UpsertACLPolicies( structs.MsgTypeTestSetup, 10, []*structs.ACLPolicy{policy1, policy2}) require.NoError(t, err) // Create a role which references the policy that has access to // the web namespace. aclRole := mock.ACLRole() aclRole.Policies = []*structs.ACLRolePolicyLink{{Name: policy2.Name}} err = testServer.State().UpsertACLRoles( structs.MsgTypeTestSetup, 20, []*structs.ACLRole{aclRole}, false) require.NoError(t, err) // Create a token which references the policy and role. clientToken := mock.ACLToken() clientToken.Policies = []string{policy1.Name} clientToken.Roles = []*structs.ACLTokenRoleLink{{ID: aclRole.ID}} err = testServer.State().UpsertACLTokens( structs.MsgTypeTestSetup, 30, []*structs.ACLToken{clientToken}) require.NoError(t, err) // Resolve the token and check that we received a client // ACL with appropriate permissions. aclResp, err := testServer.ResolveToken(clientToken.SecretID) require.Nil(t, err) require.NotNil(t, aclResp) require.False(t, aclResp.IsManagement()) allowed := aclResp.AllowNamespaceOperation("platform", acl.NamespaceCapabilityListJobs) require.True(t, allowed) allowed = aclResp.AllowNamespaceOperation("web", acl.NamespaceCapabilityListJobs) require.True(t, allowed) }, }, } for _, tc := range testCases { t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) { tc.testFn() }) } } func TestResolveSecretToken(t *testing.T) { ci.Parallel(t) testServer, _, testServerCleanup := TestACLServer(t, nil) defer testServerCleanup() testutil.WaitForLeader(t, testServer.RPC) testCases := []struct { name string testFn func(testServer *Server) }{ { name: "valid token", testFn: func(testServer *Server) { // Generate and upsert a token. token := mock.ACLToken() err := testServer.State().UpsertACLTokens( structs.MsgTypeTestSetup, 10, []*structs.ACLToken{token}) require.NoError(t, err) // Attempt to look up the token and perform checks. tokenResp, err := testServer.ResolveSecretToken(token.SecretID) require.NoError(t, err) require.NotNil(t, tokenResp) require.Equal(t, token, tokenResp) }, }, { name: "anonymous token", testFn: func(testServer *Server) { // Call the function with an empty input secret ID which is // classed as representing anonymous access in clusters with // ACLs enabled. tokenResp, err := testServer.ResolveSecretToken("") require.NoError(t, err) require.NotNil(t, tokenResp) require.Equal(t, structs.AnonymousACLToken, tokenResp) }, }, { name: "token not found", testFn: func(testServer *Server) { // Call the function with randomly generated secret ID which // does not exist within state. tokenResp, err := testServer.ResolveSecretToken(uuid.Generate()) require.Equal(t, structs.ErrTokenNotFound, err) require.Nil(t, tokenResp) }, }, { name: "token expired", testFn: func(testServer *Server) { // Create a mock token with an expiration time long in the // past, and upsert. token := mock.ACLToken() token.ExpirationTime = pointer.Of(time.Date( 1970, time.January, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)) err := testServer.State().UpsertACLTokens( structs.MsgTypeTestSetup, 10, []*structs.ACLToken{token}) require.NoError(t, err) // Perform the function call which should result in finding the // token has expired. tokenResp, err := testServer.ResolveSecretToken(uuid.Generate()) require.Equal(t, structs.ErrTokenNotFound, err) require.Nil(t, tokenResp) }, }, } for _, tc := range testCases { t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) { tc.testFn(testServer) }) } } func TestResolveClaims(t *testing.T) { ci.Parallel(t) srv, _, cleanup := TestACLServer(t, nil) defer cleanup() store := srv.fsm.State() index := uint64(100) alloc := mock.Alloc() claims := &structs.IdentityClaims{ Namespace: alloc.Namespace, JobID: alloc.Job.ID, AllocationID: alloc.ID, TaskName: alloc.Job.TaskGroups[0].Tasks[0].Name, } // unrelated policy policy0 := mock.ACLPolicy() // policy for job policy1 := mock.ACLPolicy() policy1.JobACL = &structs.JobACL{ Namespace: claims.Namespace, JobID: claims.JobID, } // policy for job and group policy2 := mock.ACLPolicy() policy2.JobACL = &structs.JobACL{ Namespace: claims.Namespace, JobID: claims.JobID, Group: alloc.Job.TaskGroups[0].Name, } // policy for job and group and task policy3 := mock.ACLPolicy() policy3.JobACL = &structs.JobACL{ Namespace: claims.Namespace, JobID: claims.JobID, Group: alloc.Job.TaskGroups[0].Name, Task: claims.TaskName, } // policy for job and group but different task policy4 := mock.ACLPolicy() policy4.JobACL = &structs.JobACL{ Namespace: claims.Namespace, JobID: claims.JobID, Group: alloc.Job.TaskGroups[0].Name, Task: "another", } // policy for job but different group policy5 := mock.ACLPolicy() policy5.JobACL = &structs.JobACL{ Namespace: claims.Namespace, JobID: claims.JobID, Group: "another", } // policy for same namespace but different job policy6 := mock.ACLPolicy() policy6.JobACL = &structs.JobACL{ Namespace: claims.Namespace, JobID: "another", } // policy for same job in different namespace policy7 := mock.ACLPolicy() policy7.JobACL = &structs.JobACL{ Namespace: "another", JobID: claims.JobID, } aclObj, err := srv.ResolveClaims(claims) must.Nil(t, aclObj) must.EqError(t, err, "allocation does not exist") // upsert the allocation index++ err = store.UpsertAllocs(structs.MsgTypeTestSetup, index, []*structs.Allocation{alloc}) must.NoError(t, err) // Resolve claims and check we that the ACL object without policies provides no access aclObj, err = srv.ResolveClaims(claims) must.NoError(t, err) must.NotNil(t, aclObj) must.False(t, aclObj.AllowNamespaceOperation("default", acl.NamespaceCapabilityListJobs)) // Add the policies index++ err = store.UpsertACLPolicies(structs.MsgTypeTestSetup, index, []*structs.ACLPolicy{ policy0, policy1, policy2, policy3, policy4, policy5, policy6, policy7}) must.NoError(t, err) // Re-resolve and check that the resulting ACL looks reasonable aclObj, err = srv.ResolveClaims(claims) must.NoError(t, err) must.NotNil(t, aclObj) must.False(t, aclObj.IsManagement()) must.True(t, aclObj.AllowNamespaceOperation("default", acl.NamespaceCapabilityListJobs)) must.False(t, aclObj.AllowNamespaceOperation("other", acl.NamespaceCapabilityListJobs)) // Resolve the same claim again, should get cache value aclObj2, err := srv.ResolveClaims(claims) must.NoError(t, err) must.NotNil(t, aclObj) must.Eq(t, aclObj, aclObj2, must.Sprintf("expected cached value")) policies, err := srv.resolvePoliciesForClaims(claims) must.NoError(t, err) must.Len(t, 3, policies) must.SliceContainsAll(t, policies, []*structs.ACLPolicy{policy1, policy2, policy3}) }