package client import ( "archive/tar" "bytes" "fmt" "io" "io/ioutil" "log" "net" "os" "path/filepath" "runtime" "sync/atomic" "testing" "time" "github.com/hashicorp/nomad/client/config" "github.com/hashicorp/nomad/command/agent/consul" "github.com/hashicorp/nomad/nomad" "github.com/hashicorp/nomad/nomad/mock" "github.com/hashicorp/nomad/nomad/structs" "github.com/hashicorp/nomad/testutil" "github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure" ctestutil "github.com/hashicorp/nomad/client/testutil" ) var ( nextPort uint32 = 16000 osExecDriverSupport = map[string]bool{ "linux": true, } ) func getPort() int { return int(atomic.AddUint32(&nextPort, 1)) } func testServer(t *testing.T, cb func(*nomad.Config)) (*nomad.Server, string) { f := false // Setup the default settings config := nomad.DefaultConfig() config.VaultConfig.Enabled = &f config.Build = "unittest" config.DevMode = true config.RPCAddr = &net.TCPAddr{ IP: []byte{127, 0, 0, 1}, Port: getPort(), } config.NodeName = fmt.Sprintf("Node %d", config.RPCAddr.Port) // Tighten the Serf timing config.SerfConfig.MemberlistConfig.BindAddr = "127.0.0.1" config.SerfConfig.MemberlistConfig.BindPort = getPort() config.SerfConfig.MemberlistConfig.SuspicionMult = 2 config.SerfConfig.MemberlistConfig.RetransmitMult = 2 config.SerfConfig.MemberlistConfig.ProbeTimeout = 50 * time.Millisecond config.SerfConfig.MemberlistConfig.ProbeInterval = 100 * time.Millisecond config.SerfConfig.MemberlistConfig.GossipInterval = 100 * time.Millisecond // Tighten the Raft timing config.RaftConfig.LeaderLeaseTimeout = 20 * time.Millisecond config.RaftConfig.HeartbeatTimeout = 40 * time.Millisecond config.RaftConfig.ElectionTimeout = 40 * time.Millisecond config.RaftConfig.StartAsLeader = true config.RaftTimeout = 500 * time.Millisecond // Invoke the callback if any if cb != nil { cb(config) } shutdownCh := make(chan struct{}) logger := log.New(config.LogOutput, "", log.LstdFlags) consulSyncer, err := consul.NewSyncer(config.ConsulConfig, shutdownCh, logger) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } // Create server server, err := nomad.NewServer(config, consulSyncer, logger) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } return server, config.RPCAddr.String() } func testClient(t *testing.T, cb func(c *config.Config)) *Client { f := false conf := config.DefaultConfig() conf.VaultConfig.Enabled = &f conf.DevMode = true conf.Node = &structs.Node{ Reserved: &structs.Resources{ DiskMB: 0, }, } if cb != nil { cb(conf) } shutdownCh := make(chan struct{}) consulSyncer, err := consul.NewSyncer(conf.ConsulConfig, shutdownCh, log.New(os.Stderr, "", log.LstdFlags)) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } logger := log.New(conf.LogOutput, "", log.LstdFlags) client, err := NewClient(conf, consulSyncer, logger) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } return client } func TestClient_StartStop(t *testing.T) { client := testClient(t, nil) if err := client.Shutdown(); err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } } func TestClient_RPC(t *testing.T) { s1, addr := testServer(t, nil) defer s1.Shutdown() c1 := testClient(t, func(c *config.Config) { c.Servers = []string{addr} }) defer c1.Shutdown() // RPC should succeed testutil.WaitForResult(func() (bool, error) { var out struct{} err := c1.RPC("Status.Ping", struct{}{}, &out) return err == nil, err }, func(err error) { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) }) } func TestClient_RPC_Passthrough(t *testing.T) { s1, _ := testServer(t, nil) defer s1.Shutdown() c1 := testClient(t, func(c *config.Config) { c.RPCHandler = s1 }) defer c1.Shutdown() // RPC should succeed testutil.WaitForResult(func() (bool, error) { var out struct{} err := c1.RPC("Status.Ping", struct{}{}, &out) return err == nil, err }, func(err error) { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) }) } func TestClient_Fingerprint(t *testing.T) { c := testClient(t, nil) defer c.Shutdown() // Ensure kernel and arch are always present node := c.Node() if node.Attributes["kernel.name"] == "" { t.Fatalf("missing kernel.name") } if node.Attributes["cpu.arch"] == "" { t.Fatalf("missing cpu arch") } } func TestClient_HasNodeChanged(t *testing.T) { c := testClient(t, nil) defer c.Shutdown() node := c.Node() attrHash, err := hashstructure.Hash(node.Attributes, nil) if err != nil { c.logger.Printf("[DEBUG] client: unable to calculate node attributes hash: %v", err) } // Calculate node meta map hash metaHash, err := hashstructure.Hash(node.Meta, nil) if err != nil { c.logger.Printf("[DEBUG] client: unable to calculate node meta hash: %v", err) } if changed, _, _ := c.hasNodeChanged(attrHash, metaHash); changed { t.Fatalf("Unexpected hash change.") } // Change node attribute node.Attributes["arch"] = "xyz_86" if changed, newAttrHash, _ := c.hasNodeChanged(attrHash, metaHash); !changed { t.Fatalf("Expected hash change in attributes: %d vs %d", attrHash, newAttrHash) } // Change node meta map node.Meta["foo"] = "bar" if changed, _, newMetaHash := c.hasNodeChanged(attrHash, metaHash); !changed { t.Fatalf("Expected hash change in meta map: %d vs %d", metaHash, newMetaHash) } } func TestClient_Fingerprint_InWhitelist(t *testing.T) { c := testClient(t, func(c *config.Config) { if c.Options == nil { c.Options = make(map[string]string) } // Weird spacing to test trimming. Whitelist all modules expect cpu. c.Options["fingerprint.whitelist"] = " arch, consul,cpu,env_aws,env_gce,host,memory,network,storage,foo,bar " }) defer c.Shutdown() node := c.Node() if node.Attributes["cpu.frequency"] == "" { t.Fatalf("missing cpu fingerprint module") } } func TestClient_Fingerprint_InBlacklist(t *testing.T) { c := testClient(t, func(c *config.Config) { if c.Options == nil { c.Options = make(map[string]string) } // Weird spacing to test trimming. Blacklist cpu. c.Options["fingerprint.blacklist"] = " cpu " }) defer c.Shutdown() node := c.Node() if node.Attributes["cpu.frequency"] != "" { t.Fatalf("cpu fingerprint module loaded despite blacklisting") } } func TestClient_Fingerprint_OutOfWhitelist(t *testing.T) { c := testClient(t, func(c *config.Config) { if c.Options == nil { c.Options = make(map[string]string) } c.Options["fingerprint.whitelist"] = "arch,consul,env_aws,env_gce,host,memory,network,storage,foo,bar" }) defer c.Shutdown() node := c.Node() if node.Attributes["cpu.frequency"] != "" { t.Fatalf("found cpu fingerprint module") } } func TestClient_Fingerprint_WhitelistBlacklistCombination(t *testing.T) { c := testClient(t, func(c *config.Config) { if c.Options == nil { c.Options = make(map[string]string) } // With both white- and blacklist, should return the set difference of modules (arch, cpu) c.Options["fingerprint.whitelist"] = "arch,memory,cpu" c.Options["fingerprint.blacklist"] = "memory,nomad" }) defer c.Shutdown() node := c.Node() // Check expected modules are present if node.Attributes["cpu.frequency"] == "" { t.Fatalf("missing cpu fingerprint module") } if node.Attributes["cpu.arch"] == "" { t.Fatalf("missing arch fingerprint module") } // Check remainder _not_ present if node.Attributes["memory.totalbytes"] != "" { t.Fatalf("found memory fingerprint module") } if node.Attributes["nomad.version"] != "" { t.Fatalf("found nomad fingerprint module") } } func TestClient_Drivers(t *testing.T) { c := testClient(t, nil) defer c.Shutdown() node := c.Node() if node.Attributes["driver.exec"] == "" { if v, ok := osExecDriverSupport[runtime.GOOS]; v && ok { t.Fatalf("missing exec driver") } else { t.Skipf("missing exec driver, no OS support") } } } func TestClient_Drivers_InWhitelist(t *testing.T) { c := testClient(t, func(c *config.Config) { if c.Options == nil { c.Options = make(map[string]string) } // Weird spacing to test trimming c.Options["driver.whitelist"] = " exec , foo " }) defer c.Shutdown() node := c.Node() if node.Attributes["driver.exec"] == "" { if v, ok := osExecDriverSupport[runtime.GOOS]; v && ok { t.Fatalf("missing exec driver") } else { t.Skipf("missing exec driver, no OS support") } } } func TestClient_Drivers_InBlacklist(t *testing.T) { c := testClient(t, func(c *config.Config) { if c.Options == nil { c.Options = make(map[string]string) } // Weird spacing to test trimming c.Options["driver.blacklist"] = " exec , foo " }) defer c.Shutdown() node := c.Node() if node.Attributes["driver.exec"] != "" { if v, ok := osExecDriverSupport[runtime.GOOS]; !v && ok { t.Fatalf("exec driver loaded despite blacklist") } else { t.Skipf("missing exec driver, no OS support") } } } func TestClient_Drivers_OutOfWhitelist(t *testing.T) { c := testClient(t, func(c *config.Config) { if c.Options == nil { c.Options = make(map[string]string) } c.Options["driver.whitelist"] = "foo,bar,baz" }) defer c.Shutdown() node := c.Node() if node.Attributes["driver.exec"] != "" { t.Fatalf("found exec driver") } } func TestClient_Drivers_WhitelistBlacklistCombination(t *testing.T) { c := testClient(t, func(c *config.Config) { if c.Options == nil { c.Options = make(map[string]string) } // Expected output is set difference (raw_exec) c.Options["driver.whitelist"] = "raw_exec,exec" c.Options["driver.blacklist"] = "exec" }) defer c.Shutdown() node := c.Node() // Check expected present if node.Attributes["driver.raw_exec"] == "" { t.Fatalf("missing raw_exec driver") } // Check expected absent if node.Attributes["driver.exec"] != "" { t.Fatalf("exec driver loaded despite blacklist") } } func TestClient_Register(t *testing.T) { s1, _ := testServer(t, nil) defer s1.Shutdown() testutil.WaitForLeader(t, s1.RPC) c1 := testClient(t, func(c *config.Config) { c.RPCHandler = s1 }) defer c1.Shutdown() req := structs.NodeSpecificRequest{ NodeID: c1.Node().ID, QueryOptions: structs.QueryOptions{Region: "global"}, } var out structs.SingleNodeResponse // Register should succeed testutil.WaitForResult(func() (bool, error) { err := s1.RPC("Node.GetNode", &req, &out) if err != nil { return false, err } if out.Node == nil { return false, fmt.Errorf("missing reg") } return out.Node.ID == req.NodeID, nil }, func(err error) { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) }) } func TestClient_Heartbeat(t *testing.T) { s1, _ := testServer(t, func(c *nomad.Config) { c.MinHeartbeatTTL = 50 * time.Millisecond }) defer s1.Shutdown() testutil.WaitForLeader(t, s1.RPC) c1 := testClient(t, func(c *config.Config) { c.RPCHandler = s1 }) defer c1.Shutdown() req := structs.NodeSpecificRequest{ NodeID: c1.Node().ID, QueryOptions: structs.QueryOptions{Region: "global"}, } var out structs.SingleNodeResponse // Register should succeed testutil.WaitForResult(func() (bool, error) { err := s1.RPC("Node.GetNode", &req, &out) if err != nil { return false, err } if out.Node == nil { return false, fmt.Errorf("missing reg") } return out.Node.Status == structs.NodeStatusReady, nil }, func(err error) { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) }) } func TestClient_UpdateAllocStatus(t *testing.T) { s1, _ := testServer(t, nil) defer s1.Shutdown() testutil.WaitForLeader(t, s1.RPC) c1 := testClient(t, func(c *config.Config) { c.RPCHandler = s1 }) defer c1.Shutdown() // Wait til the node is ready waitTilNodeReady(c1, t) job := mock.Job() alloc := mock.Alloc() alloc.NodeID = c1.Node().ID alloc.Job = job alloc.JobID = job.ID originalStatus := "foo" alloc.ClientStatus = originalStatus // Insert at zero so they are pulled state := s1.State() if err := state.UpsertJob(0, job); err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } if err := state.UpsertJobSummary(100, mock.JobSummary(alloc.JobID)); err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } state.UpsertAllocs(101, []*structs.Allocation{alloc}) testutil.WaitForResult(func() (bool, error) { out, err := state.AllocByID(alloc.ID) if err != nil { return false, err } if out == nil { return false, fmt.Errorf("no such alloc") } if out.ClientStatus == originalStatus { return false, fmt.Errorf("Alloc client status not updated; got %v", out.ClientStatus) } return true, nil }, func(err error) { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) }) } func TestClient_WatchAllocs(t *testing.T) { ctestutil.ExecCompatible(t) s1, _ := testServer(t, nil) defer s1.Shutdown() testutil.WaitForLeader(t, s1.RPC) c1 := testClient(t, func(c *config.Config) { c.RPCHandler = s1 }) defer c1.Shutdown() // Wait til the node is ready waitTilNodeReady(c1, t) // Create mock allocations job := mock.Job() alloc1 := mock.Alloc() alloc1.JobID = job.ID alloc1.Job = job alloc1.NodeID = c1.Node().ID alloc2 := mock.Alloc() alloc2.NodeID = c1.Node().ID alloc2.JobID = job.ID alloc2.Job = job // Insert at zero so they are pulled state := s1.State() if err := state.UpsertJob(100, job); err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } if err := state.UpsertJobSummary(101, mock.JobSummary(alloc1.JobID)); err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } err := state.UpsertAllocs(102, []*structs.Allocation{alloc1, alloc2}) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } // Both allocations should get registered testutil.WaitForResult(func() (bool, error) { c1.allocLock.RLock() num := len(c1.allocs) c1.allocLock.RUnlock() return num == 2, nil }, func(err error) { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) }) // Delete one allocation err = state.DeleteEval(103, nil, []string{alloc1.ID}) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } // Update the other allocation. Have to make a copy because the allocs are // shared in memory in the test and the modify index would be updated in the // alloc runner. alloc2_2 := new(structs.Allocation) *alloc2_2 = *alloc2 alloc2_2.DesiredStatus = structs.AllocDesiredStatusStop err = state.UpsertAllocs(104, []*structs.Allocation{alloc2_2}) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } // One allocations should get de-registered testutil.WaitForResult(func() (bool, error) { c1.allocLock.RLock() num := len(c1.allocs) c1.allocLock.RUnlock() return num == 1, nil }, func(err error) { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) }) // One allocations should get updated testutil.WaitForResult(func() (bool, error) { c1.allocLock.RLock() ar := c1.allocs[alloc2.ID] c1.allocLock.RUnlock() return ar.Alloc().DesiredStatus == structs.AllocDesiredStatusStop, nil }, func(err error) { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) }) } func waitTilNodeReady(client *Client, t *testing.T) { testutil.WaitForResult(func() (bool, error) { n := client.Node() if n.Status != structs.NodeStatusReady { return false, fmt.Errorf("node not registered") } return true, nil }, func(err error) { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) }) } func TestClient_SaveRestoreState(t *testing.T) { ctestutil.ExecCompatible(t) s1, _ := testServer(t, nil) defer s1.Shutdown() testutil.WaitForLeader(t, s1.RPC) c1 := testClient(t, func(c *config.Config) { c.DevMode = false c.RPCHandler = s1 }) defer c1.Shutdown() // Wait til the node is ready waitTilNodeReady(c1, t) // Create mock allocations job := mock.Job() alloc1 := mock.Alloc() alloc1.NodeID = c1.Node().ID alloc1.Job = job alloc1.JobID = job.ID alloc1.Job.TaskGroups[0].Tasks[0].Driver = "mock_driver" task := alloc1.Job.TaskGroups[0].Tasks[0] task.Config["run_for"] = "10s" state := s1.State() if err := state.UpsertJob(100, job); err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } if err := state.UpsertJobSummary(101, mock.JobSummary(alloc1.JobID)); err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } if err := state.UpsertAllocs(102, []*structs.Allocation{alloc1}); err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } // Allocations should get registered testutil.WaitForResult(func() (bool, error) { c1.allocLock.RLock() ar := c1.allocs[alloc1.ID] c1.allocLock.RUnlock() if ar == nil { return false, fmt.Errorf("nil alloc runner") } if ar.Alloc().ClientStatus != structs.AllocClientStatusRunning { return false, fmt.Errorf("client status: got %v; want %v", ar.Alloc().ClientStatus, structs.AllocClientStatusRunning) } return true, nil }, func(err error) { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) }) // Shutdown the client, saves state if err := c1.Shutdown(); err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } // Create a new client shutdownCh := make(chan struct{}) logger := log.New(c1.config.LogOutput, "", log.LstdFlags) consulSyncer, err := consul.NewSyncer(c1.config.ConsulConfig, shutdownCh, logger) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } c2, err := NewClient(c1.config, consulSyncer, logger) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } defer c2.Shutdown() // Ensure the allocation is running testutil.WaitForResult(func() (bool, error) { c2.allocLock.RLock() ar := c2.allocs[alloc1.ID] c2.allocLock.RUnlock() status := ar.Alloc().ClientStatus alive := status != structs.AllocClientStatusRunning || status != structs.AllocClientStatusPending if !alive { return false, fmt.Errorf("incorrect client status: %#v", ar.Alloc()) } return true, nil }, func(err error) { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) }) // Destroy all the allocations for _, ar := range c2.getAllocRunners() { ar.Destroy() } for _, ar := range c2.getAllocRunners() { <-ar.WaitCh() } } func TestClient_Init(t *testing.T) { dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "nomad") if err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %s", err) } defer os.RemoveAll(dir) allocDir := filepath.Join(dir, "alloc") client := &Client{ config: &config.Config{ AllocDir: allocDir, }, logger: log.New(os.Stderr, "", log.LstdFlags), } if err := client.init(); err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %s", err) } if _, err := os.Stat(allocDir); err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %s", err) } } func TestClient_BlockedAllocations(t *testing.T) { s1, _ := testServer(t, nil) defer s1.Shutdown() testutil.WaitForLeader(t, s1.RPC) c1 := testClient(t, func(c *config.Config) { c.RPCHandler = s1 }) defer c1.Shutdown() // Wait for the node to be ready state := s1.State() testutil.WaitForResult(func() (bool, error) { out, err := state.NodeByID(c1.Node().ID) if err != nil { return false, err } if out == nil || out.Status != structs.NodeStatusReady { return false, fmt.Errorf("bad node: %#v", out) } return true, nil }, func(err error) { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) }) // Add an allocation alloc := mock.Alloc() alloc.NodeID = c1.Node().ID alloc.Job.TaskGroups[0].Tasks[0].Driver = "mock_driver" alloc.Job.TaskGroups[0].Tasks[0].Config = map[string]interface{}{ "kill_after": "1s", "run_for": "100s", "exit_code": 0, "exit_signal": 0, "exit_err": "", } state.UpsertJobSummary(99, mock.JobSummary(alloc.JobID)) state.UpsertAllocs(100, []*structs.Allocation{alloc}) // Wait until the client downloads and starts the allocation testutil.WaitForResult(func() (bool, error) { out, err := state.AllocByID(alloc.ID) if err != nil { return false, err } if out == nil || out.ClientStatus != structs.AllocClientStatusRunning { return false, fmt.Errorf("bad alloc: %#v", out) } return true, nil }, func(err error) { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) }) // Add a new chained alloc alloc2 := alloc.Copy() alloc2.ID = structs.GenerateUUID() alloc2.Job = alloc.Job alloc2.JobID = alloc.JobID alloc2.PreviousAllocation = alloc.ID if err := state.UpsertAllocs(200, []*structs.Allocation{alloc2}); err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } // Enusre that the chained allocation is being tracked as blocked testutil.WaitForResult(func() (bool, error) { alloc, ok := c1.blockedAllocations[alloc2.PreviousAllocation] if ok && alloc.ID == alloc2.ID { return true, nil } return false, fmt.Errorf("no blocked allocations") }, func(err error) { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) }) // Change the desired state of the parent alloc to stop alloc1 := alloc.Copy() alloc1.DesiredStatus = structs.AllocDesiredStatusStop if err := state.UpsertAllocs(300, []*structs.Allocation{alloc1}); err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } // Ensure that there are no blocked allocations testutil.WaitForResult(func() (bool, error) { _, ok := c1.blockedAllocations[alloc2.PreviousAllocation] if ok { return false, fmt.Errorf("blocked evals present") } return true, nil }, func(err error) { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) }) // Destroy all the allocations for _, ar := range c1.getAllocRunners() { ar.Destroy() } for _, ar := range c1.getAllocRunners() { <-ar.WaitCh() } } func TestClient_UnarchiveAllocDir(t *testing.T) { dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "") if err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } defer os.RemoveAll(dir) if err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(dir, "foo"), 0777); err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } dirInfo, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, "foo")) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } f, err := os.Create(filepath.Join(dir, "foo", "bar")) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } if _, err := f.WriteString("foo"); err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } if err := f.Chmod(0644); err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } fInfo, err := f.Stat() if err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } f.Close() buf := new(bytes.Buffer) tw := tar.NewWriter(buf) walkFn := func(path string, fileInfo os.FileInfo, err error) error { // Ignore if the file is a symlink if fileInfo.Mode() == os.ModeSymlink { return nil } // Include the path of the file name relative to the alloc dir // so that we can put the files in the right directories hdr, err := tar.FileInfoHeader(fileInfo, "") if err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("error creating file header: %v", err) } hdr.Name = fileInfo.Name() tw.WriteHeader(hdr) // If it's a directory we just write the header into the tar if fileInfo.IsDir() { return nil } // Write the file into the archive file, err := os.Open(path) if err != nil { return err } defer file.Close() if _, err := io.Copy(tw, file); err != nil { return err } return nil } if err := filepath.Walk(dir, walkFn); err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } tw.Close() dir1, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "") if err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } defer os.RemoveAll(dir1) c1 := testClient(t, func(c *config.Config) { c.RPCHandler = nil }) defer c1.Shutdown() rc := ioutil.NopCloser(buf) c1.migratingAllocs["123"] = newMigrateAllocCtrl() if err := c1.unarchiveAllocDir(rc, "123", dir1); err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } // Ensure foo is present fi, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir1, "foo")) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } if fi.Mode() != dirInfo.Mode() { t.Fatalf("mode: %v", fi.Mode()) } fi1, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir1, "bar")) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("err: %v", err) } if fi1.Mode() != fInfo.Mode() { t.Fatalf("mode: %v", fi1.Mode()) } }