The test starts enough connections to hit the limit, then closes the
connection and immediately starts one expecting the new one to succeed.
We must wait until the server side recognizes the connection
closing and free up a limits slot. The current test attempts to achieve
that by waiting to get an error on conn.Read, however, this error is
returned from local client without waiting for server update.
As such, I change the logic so it retries on connection rejection but
force the first non-EOF failure to be a deadline error.
This change updates tests to honor `BootstrapExpect` exclusively when
forming test clusters and removes test only knobs, e.g.
`config.DevDisableBootstrap`.
Background:
Test cluster creation is fragile. Test servers don't follow the
BootstapExpected route like production clusters. Instead they start as
single node clusters and then get rejoin and may risk causing brain
split or other test flakiness.
The test framework expose few knobs to control those (e.g.
`config.DevDisableBootstrap` and `config.Bootstrap`) that control
whether a server should bootstrap the cluster. These flags are
confusing and it's unclear when to use: their usage in multi-node
cluster isn't properly documented. Furthermore, they have some bad
side-effects as they don't control Raft library: If
`config.DevDisableBootstrap` is true, the test server may not
immediately attempt to bootstrap a cluster, but after an election
timeout (~50ms), Raft may force a leadership election and win it (with
only one vote) and cause a split brain.
The knobs are also confusing as Bootstrap is an overloaded term. In
BootstrapExpect, we refer to bootstrapping the cluster only after N
servers are connected. But in tests and the knobs above, it refers to
whether the server is a single node cluster and shouldn't wait for any
other server.
Changes:
This commit makes two changes:
First, it relies on `BootstrapExpected` instead of `Bootstrap` and/or
`DevMode` flags. This change is relatively trivial.
Introduce a `Bootstrapped` flag to track if the cluster is bootstrapped.
This allows us to keep `BootstrapExpected` immutable. Previously, the
flag was a config value but it gets set to 0 after cluster bootstrap
completes.
MultiplexV2 is a new connection multiplex header that supports multiplex both
RPC and streaming requests over the same Yamux connection.
MultiplexV2 was added in 0.8.0 as part of
https://github.com/hashicorp/nomad/pull/3892 . So Nomad 0.11 can expect it to
be supported. Though, some more rigorous testing is required before merging
this.
I want to call out some implementation details:
First, the current connection pool reuses the Yamux stream for multiple RPC calls,
and doesn't close them until an error is encountered. This commit doesn't
change it, and sets the `RpcNomad` byte only at stream creation.
Second, the StreamingRPC session gets closed by callers and cannot be reused.
Every StreamingRPC opens a new Yamux session.
Introduce limits to prevent unauthorized users from exhausting all
ephemeral ports on agents:
* `{https,rpc}_handshake_timeout`
* `{http,rpc}_max_conns_per_client`
The handshake timeout closes connections that have not completed the TLS
handshake by the deadline (5s by default). For RPC connections this
timeout also separately applies to first byte being read so RPC
connections with TLS enabled have `rpc_handshake_time * 2` as their
deadline.
The connection limit per client prevents a single remote TCP peer from
exhausting all ephemeral ports. The default is 100, but can be lowered
to a minimum of 26. Since streaming RPC connections create a new TCP
connection (until MultiplexV2 is used), 20 connections are reserved for
Raft and non-streaming RPCs to prevent connection exhaustion due to
streaming RPCs.
All limits are configurable and may be disabled by setting them to `0`.
This also includes a fix that closes connections that attempt to create
TLS RPC connections recursively. While only users with valid mTLS
certificates could perform such an operation, it was added as a
safeguard to prevent programming errors before they could cause resource
exhaustion.
Allows addressing servers with nomad monitor using the servers name or
ID.
Also unifies logic for addressing servers for client_agent_endpoint
commands and makes addressing logic region aware.
rpc getServer test
Copy the updated version of freeport (sdk/freeport), and tweak it for use
in Nomad tests. This means staying below port 10000 to avoid conflicts with
the lib/freeport that is still transitively used by the old version of
consul that we vendor. Also provide implementations to find ephemeral ports
of macOS and Windows environments.
Ports acquired through freeport are supposed to be returned to freeport,
which this change now also introduces. Many tests are modified to include
calls to a cleanup function for Server objects.
This should help quite a bit with some flakey tests, but not all of them.
Our port problems will not go away completely until we upgrade our vendor
version of consul. With Go modules, we'll probably do a 'replace' to swap
out other copies of freeport with the one now in 'nomad/helper/freeport'.
This ensures that server-to-server streaming RPC calls use the tls
wrapped connections.
Prior to this, `streamingRpcImpl` function uses tls for setting header
and invoking the rpc method, but returns unwrapped tls connection.
Thus, streaming writes fail with tls errors.
This tls streaming bug existed since 0.8.0[1], but PR #5654[2]
exacerbated it in 0.9.2. Prior to PR #5654, nomad client used to
shuffle servers at every heartbeat -- `servers.Manager.setServers`[3]
always shuffled servers and was called by heartbeat code[4]. Shuffling
servers meant that a nomad client would heartbeat and establish a
connection against all nomad servers eventually. When handling
streaming RPC calls, nomad servers used these local connection to
communicate directly to the client. The server-to-server forwarding
logic was left mostly unexercised.
PR #5654 means that a nomad client may connect to a single server only
and caused the server-to-server forward streaming RPC code to get
exercised more and unearthed the problem.
[1] https://github.com/hashicorp/nomad/blob/v0.8.0/nomad/rpc.go#L501-L515
[2] https://github.com/hashicorp/nomad/pull/5654
[3] https://github.com/hashicorp/nomad/blob/v0.9.1/client/servers/manager.go#L198-L216
[4] https://github.com/hashicorp/nomad/blob/v0.9.1/client/client.go#L1603
Here, we ensure that when leader only responds to RPC calls when state
store is up to date. At leadership transition or launch with restored
state, the server local store might not be caught up with latest raft
logs and may return a stale read.
The solution here is to have an RPC consistency read gate, enabled when
`establishLeadership` completes before we respond to RPC calls.
`establishLeadership` is gated by a `raft.Barrier` which ensures that
all prior raft logs have been applied.
Conversely, the gate is disabled when leadership is lost.
This is very much inspired by https://github.com/hashicorp/consul/pull/3154/files
- updated region in job metadata that gets persisted to nomad datastore
- fixed many unrelated unit tests that used an invalid region value
(they previously passed because hcl wasn't getting picked up and
the job would default to global region)
This PR introduces an ack allowing the receiving end of the streaming
RPC to return any error that may have occured during the establishment
of the streaming RPC.
Dennis Schön