295 lines
8.1 KiB
Plaintext
295 lines
8.1 KiB
Plaintext
---
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layout: docs
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page_title: Federation Between VMs and Kubernetes
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sidebar_title: Federation Between VMs and Kubernetes
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description: >-
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Federating Kubernetes clusters and VMs.
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---
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# Federation Between VMs and Kubernetes
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-> **1.8.0+:** This feature is available in Consul versions 1.8.0 and higher
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~> This topic requires familiarity with [Mesh Gateways](/docs/connect/mesh-gateway) and [WAN Federation Via Mesh Gateways](/docs/connect/gateways/wan-federation-via-mesh-gateways).
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Consul datacenters running on non-kubernetes platforms like VMs or bare metal can
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be federated with Kubernetes datacenters. Just like with Kubernetes, one datacenter
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must be the [primary](/docs/k8s/installation/multi-cluster/kubernetes#primary-datacenter).
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## Kubernetes as the Primary
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If your primary datacenter is running on Kubernetes, use the Helm config from the
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[Primary Datacenter](/docs/k8s/installation/multi-cluster/kubernetes#primary-datacenter) section to install Consul.
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Once installed, you'll need to export the following information from the primary Kubernetes
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cluster:
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1. The certificate authority cert:
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```sh
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kubectl get secrets/consul-ca-cert --template='{{index .data "tls.crt" }}' |
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base64 -D > consul-agent-ca.pem
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```
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and the certificate authority signing key:
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```sh
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kubectl get secrets/consul-ca-key --template='{{index .data "tls.key" }}' |
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base64 -D > consul-agent-ca-key.pem
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```
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With the `consul-agent-ca.pem` and `consul-agent-ca-key.pem` files you can
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create certificates for your servers and clients running on VMs that share the
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same certificate authority as your Kubernetes servers.
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You can use the `consul tls` commands to generate those certificates:
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```sh
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# NOTE: consul-agent-ca.pem and consul-agent-ca-key.pem must be in the current
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# directory.
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$ consul tls cert create -server -dc=vm-dc
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==> WARNING: Server Certificates grants authority to become a
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server and access all state in the cluster including root keys
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and all ACL tokens. Do not distribute them to production hosts
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that are not server nodes. Store them as securely as CA keys.
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==> Using consul-agent-ca.pem and consul-agent-ca-key.pem
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==> Saved vm-dc-server-consul-0.pem
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==> Saved vm-dc-server-consul-0-key.pem
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```
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See the help for output of `consul tls cert create -h` to see more options
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for generating server certificates.
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These certificates can be used in your server config file:
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```hcl
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# server.hcl
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cert_file = "vm-dc-server-consul-0.pem"
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key_file = "vm-dc-server-consul-0-key.pem"
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ca_file = "consul-agent-ca.pem"
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```
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For clients, you can generate TLS certs with:
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```shell-session
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$ consul tls cert create -client
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==> Using consul-agent-ca.pem and consul-agent-ca-key.pem
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==> Saved dc1-client-consul-0.pem
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==> Saved dc1-client-consul-0-key.pem
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```
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Or use the [auto_encrypt](/docs/agent/options#auto_encrypt) feature.
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1. The WAN addresses of the mesh gateways:
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```shell-session
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$ kubectl exec statefulset/consul-server -- sh -c \
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'curl -sk https://localhost:8501/v1/catalog/service/mesh-gateway | jq ".[].ServiceTaggedAddresses.wan"'
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{
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"Address": "1.2.3.4",
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"Port": 443
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}
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{
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"Address": "1.2.3.4",
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"Port": 443
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}
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```
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In this example, the addresses are the same because both mesh gateway pods are
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fronted by the same Kubernetes load balancer.
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These addresses will be used in the server config for the `primary_gateways`
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setting:
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```hcl
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primary_gateways = ["1.2.3.4:443"]
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```
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1. If ACLs are enabled, you'll also need the replication ACL token:
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```shell-session
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$ kubectl get secrets/consul-acl-replication-acl-token --template='{{.data.token}}'
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e7924dd1-dc3f-f644-da54-81a73ba0a178
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```
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This token will be used in the server config for the replication token.
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You must also create your own agent policy and token.
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```hcl
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acls {
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tokens {
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agent = "<your agent token>"
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replication = "e7924dd1-dc3f-f644-da54-81a73ba0a178"
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}
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}
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```
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1. If gossip encryption is enabled, you'll need the key as well. The command
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to retrieve the key will depend on which Kubernetes secret you've stored it in.
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This key will be used in server and client configs for the `encrypt` setting:
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```hcl
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encrypt = "uF+GsbI66cuWU21kiXLze5JLEX5j4iDFlDTb0ZWNpDI="
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```
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A final example server config file might look like:
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```hcl
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# From above
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cert_file = "vm-dc-server-consul-0.pem"
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key_file = "vm-dc-server-consul-0-key.pem"
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ca_file = "consul-agent-ca.pem"
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primary_gateways = ["1.2.3.4:443"]
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acl {
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enabled = true
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default_policy = "deny"
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down_policy = "extend-cache"
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tokens {
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agent = "e7924dd1-dc3f-f644-da54-81a73ba0a178"
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replication = "e7924dd1-dc3f-f644-da54-81a73ba0a178"
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}
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}
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encrypt = "uF+GsbI66cuWU21kiXLze5JLEX5j4iDFlDTb0ZWNpDI="
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# Other server settings
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server = true
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datacenter = "vm-dc"
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data_dir = "/opt/consul"
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enable_central_service_config = true
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primary_datacenter = "dc1"
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connect {
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enabled = true
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enable_mesh_gateway_wan_federation = true
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}
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verify_incoming_rpc = true
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verify_outgoing = true
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verify_server_hostname = true
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ports {
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https = 8501
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http = -1
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grpc = 8502
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}
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```
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## Kubernetes as the Secondary
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If you're running your primary datacenter on VMs then you'll need to manually
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construct the [Federation Secret](/docs/k8s/installation/multi-cluster/kubernetes#federation-secret) in order to federate
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Kubernetes clusters as secondaries.
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-> Your VM cluster must be running mesh gateways, and have mesh gateway WAN
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federation enabled. See [WAN Federation via Mesh Gateways](/docs/connect/gateways/wan-federation-via-mesh-gateways).
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You'll need:
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1. The root certificate authority cert placed in `consul-agent-ca.pem`.
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1. The root certificate authority key placed in `consul-agent-ca-key.pem`.
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1. The IP addresses of the mesh gateways running in your VM datacenter. These must
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be routable from the Kubernetes cluster.
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1. If ACLs are enabled you must create an ACL replication token with the following rules:
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```hcl
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acl = "write"
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operator = "write"
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agent_prefix "" {
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policy = "read"
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}
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node_prefix "" {
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policy = "write"
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}
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service_prefix "" {
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policy = "read"
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intentions = "read"
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}
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```
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This token is used for ACL replication and for automatic ACL management in Kubernetes.
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If you're running Consul Enterprise you'll need the rules:
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```hcl
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acl = "write"
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operator = "write"
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agent_prefix "" {
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policy = "read"
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}
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node_prefix "" {
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policy = "write"
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}
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namespace_prefix "" {
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service_prefix "" {
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policy = "read"
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intentions = "read"
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}
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}
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```
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1. If gossip encryption is enabled, you'll need the key.
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With that data ready, you can create the Kubernetes federation secret:
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```sh
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kubectl create secret generic consul-federation \
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--from-literal=caCert=$(cat consul-agent-ca.pem) \
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--from-literal=caKey=$(cat consul-agent-ca-key.pem)
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# If ACLs are enabled uncomment.
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# --from-literal=replicationToken="<your acl replication token>" \
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# If using gossip encryption uncomment.
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# --from-literal=gossipEncryptionKey="<your gossip encryption key>"
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```
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Then use the following Helm config file:
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```yaml
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global:
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name: consul
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datacenter: dc2
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tls:
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enabled: true
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caCert:
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secretName: consul-federation
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secretKey: caCert
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caKey:
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secretName: consul-federation
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secretKey: caKey
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# Delete this acls section if ACLs are disabled.
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acls:
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manageSystemACLs: true
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replicationToken:
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secretName: consul-federation
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secretKey: replicationToken
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federation:
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enabled: true
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# Delete this gossipEncryption section if gossip encryption is disabled.
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gossipEncryption:
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secretName: consul-federation
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secretKey: gossipEncryptionKey
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connectInject:
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enabled: true
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meshGateway:
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enabled: true
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server:
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extraConfig: |
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{
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"primary_datacenter": "<your VM datacenter name>",
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"primary_gateways": ["<ip of your VM mesh gateway>", "<other ip>", ...]
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}
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```
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-> **NOTE: ** You must fill out the `server.extraConfig` section with the datacenter
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name of your primary datacenter running on VMs and with the IPs of your mesh
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gateways running on VMs.
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With your config file ready to go, follow our [Installation Guide](/docs/k8s/installation)
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to install Consul on your secondary cluster(s).
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## Next Steps
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Read the [Verifying Federation](/docs/k8s/installation/multi-cluster/kubernetes#verifying-federation)
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section to verify that federation is working as expected.
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