115 lines
5.9 KiB
Plaintext
115 lines
5.9 KiB
Plaintext
---
|
|
layout: docs
|
|
page_title: What is Consul?
|
|
description: >-
|
|
Consul is a service mesh solution for cloud infrastructure that you can use to deploy, secure, access, and automate microservices across datacenters and providers. Learn how Consul can help you scale operations and provide high availability across your network.
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Introduction to Consul
|
|
|
|
Welcome to the intro guide to Consul! This guide is the best place to start
|
|
with Consul. We cover what Consul is, what problems it can solve, how it compares
|
|
to existing software, and how you can get started using it. If you are familiar
|
|
with the basics of Consul, the [documentation](/docs) provides a more
|
|
detailed reference of available features. Complete the [Get Started](https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/consul/get-started-install?utm_source=docs) tutorials for a step-by-step guide on how
|
|
to use Consul.
|
|
|
|
## Why Consul?
|
|
|
|
Consul solves the challenges that organizations of all sizes encounter with microservices architectures. This ranges from operating in various distributed environments and geographical locations, to meeting the need of securing all application traffic.
|
|
The world is rapidly changing and evolving, so is the computing networking layer.
|
|
|
|
Today's network must quickly adapt and ensure communication is encrypted at all times. Consul enables organizations to embrace a [zero trust](https://www.hashicorp.com/solutions/zero-trust-security) model while scaling up.
|
|
Consul can achieve all this while reducing the burden on both operators and developers through automation of crucial networking tasks
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## What is Consul?
|
|
|
|
Consul is a service mesh solution providing a full featured control plane
|
|
with service discovery, configuration, and segmentation functionality. Each
|
|
of these features can be used individually as needed, or they can be used
|
|
together to build a full service mesh. Consul requires a data plane and
|
|
supports both a proxy and native integration model. Consul ships with a
|
|
simple built-in proxy so that everything works out of the box, but also
|
|
supports 3rd party proxy integrations such as Envoy.
|
|
|
|
Review the video below to learn more about Consul from HashiCorp's co-founder Armon.
|
|
|
|
<iframe
|
|
src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mxeMdl0KvBI"
|
|
frameborder="0"
|
|
allowfullscreen="true"
|
|
width="560"
|
|
height="315"
|
|
></iframe>
|
|
|
|
The key features of Consul are:
|
|
|
|
- **Service Discovery**: Clients of Consul can register a service, such as
|
|
`api` or `mysql`, and other clients can use Consul to discover providers
|
|
of a given service. Using either DNS or HTTP, applications can easily find
|
|
the services they depend upon.
|
|
|
|
- **Health Checking**: Consul clients can provide any number of health checks,
|
|
either associated with a given service ("is the webserver returning 200 OK"), or
|
|
with the local node ("is memory utilization below 90%"). This information can be
|
|
used by an operator to monitor cluster health, and it is used by the service
|
|
discovery components to route traffic away from unhealthy hosts.
|
|
|
|
- **KV Store**: Applications can make use of Consul's hierarchical key/value
|
|
store for any number of purposes, including dynamic configuration, feature flagging,
|
|
coordination, leader election, and more. The simple HTTP API makes it easy to use.
|
|
|
|
- **Secure Service Communication**: Consul can generate and distribute TLS
|
|
certificates for services to establish mutual TLS connections.
|
|
[Intentions](/docs/connect/intentions)
|
|
can be used to define which services are allowed to communicate.
|
|
Service segmentation can be easily managed with intentions that can
|
|
be changed in real time instead of using complex network topologies
|
|
and static firewall rules.
|
|
|
|
- **Multi Datacenter**: Consul supports multiple datacenters out of the box. This
|
|
means users of Consul do not have to worry about building additional layers of
|
|
abstraction to grow to multiple regions.
|
|
|
|
Consul is designed to be friendly to both the DevOps community and
|
|
application developers, making it perfect for modern, elastic infrastructures.
|
|
|
|
## Basic Architecture of Consul
|
|
|
|
Consul is a distributed, highly available system. This section will cover the
|
|
basics, purposely omitting some unnecessary detail, so you can get a quick
|
|
understanding of how Consul works. For more detail, please refer to the
|
|
[in-depth architecture overview](/docs/architecture).
|
|
|
|
Every node that provides services to Consul runs a _Consul agent_. Running
|
|
an agent is not required for discovering other services or getting/setting
|
|
key/value data. The agent is responsible for health checking the services
|
|
on the node as well as the node itself.
|
|
|
|
The agents talk to one or more _Consul servers_. The Consul servers are
|
|
where data is stored and replicated. The servers themselves elect a leader.
|
|
While Consul can function with one server, 3 to 5 is recommended to avoid
|
|
failure scenarios leading to data loss. A cluster of Consul servers is recommended
|
|
for each datacenter.
|
|
|
|
The servers maintain a _catalog_, which is formed by aggregating information
|
|
submitted by the agents. The catalog maintains the high-level view of the cluster,
|
|
including which services are available, which nodes run those services, health
|
|
information, and more. How agents and the catalog interact can be found
|
|
[here](/docs/architecture/anti-entropy#catalog).
|
|
|
|
Components of your infrastructure that need to discover other services
|
|
or nodes can query any of the Consul servers _or_ any of the Consul agents.
|
|
The agents forward queries to the servers automatically.
|
|
|
|
Each datacenter runs a cluster of Consul servers. When a cross-datacenter
|
|
service discovery or configuration request is made, the local Consul servers
|
|
forward the request to the remote datacenter and return the result.
|
|
|
|
## Next Steps
|
|
|
|
Complete the [Get Started](https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/consul/get-started-install?utm_source=docs) tutorials
|
|
to learn more about Consul and how to get Consul up and running.
|