95 lines
4.2 KiB
Plaintext
95 lines
4.2 KiB
Plaintext
---
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layout: commands
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page_title: 'Commands: Lock'
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sidebar_title: lock
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description: >-
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The lock command provides a mechanism for leader election, mutual exclusion,
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or worker pools. For example, this can be used to ensure a maximum number of
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services running at once across a cluster.
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---
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# Consul Lock
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Command: `consul lock`
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The `lock` command provides a mechanism for simple distributed locking.
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A lock (or semaphore) is created at a given prefix in the KV store,
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and only when held, is a child process invoked. If the lock is lost or
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communication is disrupted, the child process is terminated.
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The number of lock holders is configurable with the `-n` flag. By default,
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a single holder is allowed, and a lock is used for mutual exclusion. This
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uses the [leader election algorithm](https://learn.hashicorp.com/consul/developer-configuration/elections).
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If the lock holder count is more than one, then a semaphore is used instead.
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A semaphore allows more than a single holder, but this is less efficient than
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a simple lock. This follows the [semaphore algorithm](https://learn.hashicorp.com/consul/developer-configuration/semaphore).
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All locks using the same prefix must agree on the value of `-n`. If conflicting
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values of `-n` are provided, an error will be returned.
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An example use case is for highly-available N+1 deployments. In these
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cases, if N instances of a service are required, N+1 are deployed and use
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consul lock with `-n=N` to ensure only N instances are running. For singleton
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services, a hot standby waits until the current leader fails to take over.
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## Usage
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Usage: `consul lock [options] prefix child...`
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The only required options are the key prefix and the command to execute.
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The prefix must be writable. The child is invoked only when the lock is held,
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and the `CONSUL_LOCK_HELD` environment variable will be set to `true`.
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If the lock is lost, communication is disrupted, or the parent process
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interrupted, the child process will receive a `SIGTERM`. After a grace period
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of 5 seconds, a `SIGKILL` will be used to force termination. For Consul agents
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on Windows, the child process is always terminated with a `SIGKILL`, since
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Windows has no POSIX compatible notion for `SIGTERM`.
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#### API Options
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@include 'http_api_options_client.mdx'
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@include 'http_api_options_server.mdx'
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#### Command Options
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- `-child-exit-code` - Exit 2 if the child process exited with an error
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if this is true, otherwise this doesn't propagate an error from the
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child. The default value is false.
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- `-monitor-retry` - Retry up to this number of times if Consul returns a 500 error
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while monitoring the lock. This allows riding out brief periods of unavailability
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without causing leader elections, but increases the amount of time required
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to detect a lost lock in some cases. Defaults to 3, with a 1s wait between retries.
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Set to 0 to disable.
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- `-n` - Optional, limit of lock holders. Defaults to 1. The underlying
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implementation switches from a lock to a semaphore when increased past
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one. All locks on the same prefix must use the same value.
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- `-name` - Optional name to associate with the underlying session.
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If not provided, one is generated based on the child command.
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- `-shell` - Optional, use a shell to run the command (can set a custom shell via the
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SHELL environment variable). The default value is true.
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- `-pass-stdin` - Pass stdin to child process.
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- `-timeout` - Attempt to acquire the lock up to the given timeout. The timeout is a
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positive decimal number, with unit suffix, such as "500ms". Valid time units
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are "ns", "us" (or "µs"), "ms", "s", "m", "h". The default value is 0.
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- `-verbose` - Enables verbose output.
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## SHELL
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Consul lock launches its children in a shell. By default, Consul will use the shell
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defined in the environment variable `SHELL`. If `SHELL` is not defined, it will
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default to `/bin/sh`. It should be noted that not all shells terminate child
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processes when they receive `SIGTERM`. Under Ubuntu, `/bin/sh` is linked to `dash`,
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which does **not** terminate its children. In order to ensure that child processes
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are killed when the lock is lost, be sure to set the `SHELL` environment variable
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appropriately, or run without a shell by setting `-shell=false`.
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