open-consul/agent/connect/ca/provider_vault.go

781 lines
23 KiB
Go

package ca
import (
"bytes"
"context"
"crypto/x509"
"encoding/pem"
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"net/http"
"os"
"strings"
"time"
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/lib/decode"
"github.com/hashicorp/go-hclog"
vaultapi "github.com/hashicorp/vault/api"
"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/connect"
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/structs"
)
const (
VaultCALeafCertRole = "leaf-cert"
VaultAuthMethodTypeAliCloud = "alicloud"
VaultAuthMethodTypeAppRole = "approle"
VaultAuthMethodTypeAWS = "aws"
VaultAuthMethodTypeAzure = "azure"
VaultAuthMethodTypeCloudFoundry = "cf"
VaultAuthMethodTypeGitHub = "github"
VaultAuthMethodTypeGCP = "gcp"
VaultAuthMethodTypeJWT = "jwt"
VaultAuthMethodTypeKerberos = "kerberos"
VaultAuthMethodTypeKubernetes = "kubernetes"
VaultAuthMethodTypeLDAP = "ldap"
VaultAuthMethodTypeOCI = "oci"
VaultAuthMethodTypeOkta = "okta"
VaultAuthMethodTypeRadius = "radius"
VaultAuthMethodTypeTLS = "cert"
VaultAuthMethodTypeToken = "token"
VaultAuthMethodTypeUserpass = "userpass"
defaultK8SServiceAccountTokenPath = "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token"
)
var ErrBackendNotMounted = fmt.Errorf("backend not mounted")
var ErrBackendNotInitialized = fmt.Errorf("backend not initialized")
type VaultProvider struct {
config *structs.VaultCAProviderConfig
client *vaultapi.Client
shutdown func()
isPrimary bool
clusterID string
spiffeID *connect.SpiffeIDSigning
setupIntermediatePKIPathDone bool
logger hclog.Logger
}
func NewVaultProvider(logger hclog.Logger) *VaultProvider {
return &VaultProvider{
shutdown: func() {},
logger: logger,
}
}
func vaultTLSConfig(config *structs.VaultCAProviderConfig) *vaultapi.TLSConfig {
return &vaultapi.TLSConfig{
CACert: config.CAFile,
CAPath: config.CAPath,
ClientCert: config.CertFile,
ClientKey: config.KeyFile,
Insecure: config.TLSSkipVerify,
TLSServerName: config.TLSServerName,
}
}
// Configure sets up the provider using the given configuration.
func (v *VaultProvider) Configure(cfg ProviderConfig) error {
config, err := ParseVaultCAConfig(cfg.RawConfig)
if err != nil {
return err
}
clientConf := &vaultapi.Config{
Address: config.Address,
}
err = clientConf.ConfigureTLS(vaultTLSConfig(config))
if err != nil {
return err
}
client, err := vaultapi.NewClient(clientConf)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if config.AuthMethod != nil {
loginResp, err := vaultLogin(client, config.AuthMethod)
if err != nil {
return err
}
config.Token = loginResp.Auth.ClientToken
}
client.SetToken(config.Token)
// We don't want to set the namespace if it's empty to prevent potential
// unknown behavior (what does Vault do with an empty namespace). The Vault
// client also makes sure the inputs are not empty strings so let's do the
// same.
if config.Namespace != "" {
client.SetNamespace(config.Namespace)
}
v.config = config
v.client = client
v.isPrimary = cfg.IsPrimary
v.clusterID = cfg.ClusterID
v.spiffeID = connect.SpiffeIDSigningForCluster(v.clusterID)
// Look up the token to see if we can auto-renew its lease.
secret, err := client.Auth().Token().LookupSelf()
if err != nil {
return err
} else if secret == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("could not look up Vault provider token: not found")
}
var token struct {
Renewable bool
TTL int
}
if err := mapstructure.Decode(secret.Data, &token); err != nil {
return err
}
// Set up a renewer to renew the token automatically, if supported.
if token.Renewable || config.AuthMethod != nil {
lifetimeWatcher, err := client.NewLifetimeWatcher(&vaultapi.LifetimeWatcherInput{
Secret: &vaultapi.Secret{
Auth: &vaultapi.SecretAuth{
ClientToken: config.Token,
Renewable: token.Renewable,
LeaseDuration: secret.LeaseDuration,
},
},
Increment: token.TTL,
RenewBehavior: vaultapi.RenewBehaviorIgnoreErrors,
})
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error beginning Vault provider token renewal: %v", err)
}
ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
v.shutdown = cancel
go v.renewToken(ctx, lifetimeWatcher)
}
return nil
}
// renewToken uses a vaultapi.LifetimeWatcher to repeatedly renew our token's lease.
// If the token can no longer be renewed and auth method is set,
// it will re-authenticate to Vault using the auth method and restart the renewer with the new token.
func (v *VaultProvider) renewToken(ctx context.Context, watcher *vaultapi.LifetimeWatcher) {
go watcher.Start()
defer watcher.Stop()
for {
select {
case <-ctx.Done():
return
case err := <-watcher.DoneCh():
if err != nil {
v.logger.Error("Error renewing token for Vault provider", "error", err)
}
// If the watcher has exited and auth method is enabled,
// re-authenticate using the auth method and set up a new watcher.
if v.config.AuthMethod != nil {
// Login to Vault using the auth method.
loginResp, err := vaultLogin(v.client, v.config.AuthMethod)
if err != nil {
v.logger.Error("Error login in to Vault with %q auth method", v.config.AuthMethod.Type)
// Restart the watcher.
go watcher.Start()
continue
}
// Set the new token for the vault client.
v.client.SetToken(loginResp.Auth.ClientToken)
v.logger.Info("Successfully re-authenticated with Vault using auth method")
// Start the new watcher for the new token.
watcher, err = v.client.NewLifetimeWatcher(&vaultapi.LifetimeWatcherInput{
Secret: loginResp,
RenewBehavior: vaultapi.RenewBehaviorIgnoreErrors,
})
if err != nil {
v.logger.Error("Error starting token renewal process")
go watcher.Start()
continue
}
}
// Restart the watcher.
go watcher.Start()
case <-watcher.RenewCh():
v.logger.Info("Successfully renewed token for Vault provider")
}
}
}
// State implements Provider. Vault provider needs no state other than the
// user-provided config currently.
func (v *VaultProvider) State() (map[string]string, error) {
return nil, nil
}
// ActiveRoot returns the active root CA certificate.
func (v *VaultProvider) ActiveRoot() (string, error) {
return v.getCA(v.config.RootPKIPath)
}
// GenerateRoot mounts and initializes a new root PKI backend if needed.
func (v *VaultProvider) GenerateRoot() error {
if !v.isPrimary {
return fmt.Errorf("provider is not the root certificate authority")
}
// Set up the root PKI backend if necessary.
rootPEM, err := v.ActiveRoot()
switch err {
case ErrBackendNotMounted:
err := v.client.Sys().Mount(v.config.RootPKIPath, &vaultapi.MountInput{
Type: "pki",
Description: "root CA backend for Consul Connect",
Config: vaultapi.MountConfigInput{
// the max lease ttl denotes the maximum ttl that secrets are created from the engine
// the default lease ttl is the kind of ttl that will *reliably* set the ttl to v.config.RootCertTTL
// https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/secrets/pki#configure-a-ca-certificate
MaxLeaseTTL: v.config.RootCertTTL.String(),
DefaultLeaseTTL: v.config.RootCertTTL.String(),
},
})
if err != nil {
return err
}
fallthrough
case ErrBackendNotInitialized:
uid, err := connect.CompactUID()
if err != nil {
return err
}
_, err = v.client.Logical().Write(v.config.RootPKIPath+"root/generate/internal", map[string]interface{}{
"common_name": connect.CACN("vault", uid, v.clusterID, v.isPrimary),
"uri_sans": v.spiffeID.URI().String(),
"key_type": v.config.PrivateKeyType,
"key_bits": v.config.PrivateKeyBits,
})
if err != nil {
return err
}
default:
if err != nil {
return err
}
if rootPEM != "" {
rootCert, err := connect.ParseCert(rootPEM)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Vault PKI doesn't allow in-place cert/key regeneration. That
// means if you need to change either the key type or key bits then
// you also need to provide new mount points.
// https://www.vaultproject.io/api-docs/secret/pki#generate-root
//
// A separate bug in vault likely also requires that you use the
// ForceWithoutCrossSigning option when changing key types.
foundKeyType, foundKeyBits, err := connect.KeyInfoFromCert(rootCert)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if v.config.PrivateKeyType != foundKeyType {
return fmt.Errorf("cannot update the PrivateKeyType field without choosing a new PKI mount for the root CA")
}
if v.config.PrivateKeyBits != foundKeyBits {
return fmt.Errorf("cannot update the PrivateKeyBits field without choosing a new PKI mount for the root CA")
}
}
}
return nil
}
// GenerateIntermediateCSR creates a private key and generates a CSR
// for another datacenter's root to sign, overwriting the intermediate backend
// in the process.
func (v *VaultProvider) GenerateIntermediateCSR() (string, error) {
if v.isPrimary {
return "", fmt.Errorf("provider is the root certificate authority, " +
"cannot generate an intermediate CSR")
}
return v.generateIntermediateCSR()
}
func (v *VaultProvider) setupIntermediatePKIPath() error {
if v.setupIntermediatePKIPathDone {
return nil
}
mounts, err := v.client.Sys().ListMounts()
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Mount the backend if it isn't mounted already.
if _, ok := mounts[v.config.IntermediatePKIPath]; !ok {
err := v.client.Sys().Mount(v.config.IntermediatePKIPath, &vaultapi.MountInput{
Type: "pki",
Description: "intermediate CA backend for Consul Connect",
Config: vaultapi.MountConfigInput{
MaxLeaseTTL: v.config.IntermediateCertTTL.String(),
},
})
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
// Create the role for issuing leaf certs if it doesn't exist yet
rolePath := v.config.IntermediatePKIPath + "roles/" + VaultCALeafCertRole
role, err := v.client.Logical().Read(rolePath)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if role == nil {
_, err := v.client.Logical().Write(rolePath, map[string]interface{}{
"allow_any_name": true,
"allowed_uri_sans": "spiffe://*",
"key_type": "any",
"max_ttl": v.config.LeafCertTTL.String(),
"no_store": true,
"require_cn": false,
})
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
v.setupIntermediatePKIPathDone = true
return nil
}
func (v *VaultProvider) generateIntermediateCSR() (string, error) {
err := v.setupIntermediatePKIPath()
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
// Generate a new intermediate CSR for the root to sign.
uid, err := connect.CompactUID()
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
data, err := v.client.Logical().Write(v.config.IntermediatePKIPath+"intermediate/generate/internal", map[string]interface{}{
"common_name": connect.CACN("vault", uid, v.clusterID, v.isPrimary),
"key_type": v.config.PrivateKeyType,
"key_bits": v.config.PrivateKeyBits,
"uri_sans": v.spiffeID.URI().String(),
})
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
if data == nil || data.Data["csr"] == "" {
return "", fmt.Errorf("got empty value when generating intermediate CSR")
}
csr, ok := data.Data["csr"].(string)
if !ok {
return "", fmt.Errorf("csr result is not a string")
}
return csr, nil
}
// SetIntermediate writes the incoming intermediate and root certificates to the
// intermediate backend (as a chain).
func (v *VaultProvider) SetIntermediate(intermediatePEM, rootPEM string) error {
if v.isPrimary {
return fmt.Errorf("cannot set an intermediate using another root in the primary datacenter")
}
err := validateSetIntermediate(
intermediatePEM, rootPEM,
"", // we don't have access to the private key directly
v.spiffeID,
)
if err != nil {
return err
}
_, err = v.client.Logical().Write(v.config.IntermediatePKIPath+"intermediate/set-signed", map[string]interface{}{
"certificate": fmt.Sprintf("%s\n%s", intermediatePEM, rootPEM),
})
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
// ActiveIntermediate returns the current intermediate certificate.
func (v *VaultProvider) ActiveIntermediate() (string, error) {
if err := v.setupIntermediatePKIPath(); err != nil {
return "", err
}
cert, err := v.getCA(v.config.IntermediatePKIPath)
// This error is expected when calling initializeSecondaryCA for the
// first time. It means that the backend is mounted and ready, but
// there is no intermediate.
// This error is swallowed because there is nothing the caller can do
// about it. The caller needs to handle the empty cert though and
// create an intermediate CA.
if err == ErrBackendNotInitialized {
return "", nil
}
return cert, err
}
// getCA returns the raw CA cert for the given endpoint if there is one.
// We have to use the raw NewRequest call here instead of Logical().Read
// because the endpoint only returns the raw PEM contents of the CA cert
// and not the typical format of the secrets endpoints.
func (v *VaultProvider) getCA(path string) (string, error) {
req := v.client.NewRequest("GET", "/v1/"+path+"/ca/pem")
resp, err := v.client.RawRequest(req)
if resp != nil {
defer resp.Body.Close()
}
if resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
return "", ErrBackendNotMounted
}
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
bytes, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
root := EnsureTrailingNewline(string(bytes))
if root == "" {
return "", ErrBackendNotInitialized
}
return root, nil
}
// GenerateIntermediate mounts the configured intermediate PKI backend if
// necessary, then generates and signs a new CA CSR using the root PKI backend
// and updates the intermediate backend to use that new certificate.
func (v *VaultProvider) GenerateIntermediate() (string, error) {
csr, err := v.generateIntermediateCSR()
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
// Sign the CSR with the root backend.
intermediate, err := v.client.Logical().Write(v.config.RootPKIPath+"root/sign-intermediate", map[string]interface{}{
"csr": csr,
"use_csr_values": true,
"format": "pem_bundle",
"ttl": v.config.IntermediateCertTTL.String(),
})
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
if intermediate == nil || intermediate.Data["certificate"] == "" {
return "", fmt.Errorf("got empty value when generating intermediate certificate")
}
// Set the intermediate backend to use the new certificate.
_, err = v.client.Logical().Write(v.config.IntermediatePKIPath+"intermediate/set-signed", map[string]interface{}{
"certificate": intermediate.Data["certificate"],
})
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
return v.ActiveIntermediate()
}
// Sign calls the configured role in the intermediate PKI backend to issue
// a new leaf certificate based on the provided CSR, with the issuing
// intermediate CA cert attached.
func (v *VaultProvider) Sign(csr *x509.CertificateRequest) (string, error) {
connect.HackSANExtensionForCSR(csr)
var pemBuf bytes.Buffer
if err := pem.Encode(&pemBuf, &pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE REQUEST", Bytes: csr.Raw}); err != nil {
return "", err
}
// Use the leaf cert role to sign a new cert for this CSR.
response, err := v.client.Logical().Write(v.config.IntermediatePKIPath+"sign/"+VaultCALeafCertRole, map[string]interface{}{
"csr": pemBuf.String(),
"ttl": v.config.LeafCertTTL.String(),
})
if err != nil {
return "", fmt.Errorf("error issuing cert: %v", err)
}
if response == nil || response.Data["certificate"] == "" || response.Data["issuing_ca"] == "" {
return "", fmt.Errorf("certificate info returned from Vault was blank")
}
cert, ok := response.Data["certificate"].(string)
if !ok {
return "", fmt.Errorf("certificate was not a string")
}
ca, ok := response.Data["issuing_ca"].(string)
if !ok {
return "", fmt.Errorf("issuing_ca was not a string")
}
return EnsureTrailingNewline(cert) + EnsureTrailingNewline(ca), nil
}
// SignIntermediate returns a signed CA certificate with a path length constraint
// of 0 to ensure that the certificate cannot be used to generate further CA certs.
func (v *VaultProvider) SignIntermediate(csr *x509.CertificateRequest) (string, error) {
err := validateSignIntermediate(csr, v.spiffeID)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
var pemBuf bytes.Buffer
err = pem.Encode(&pemBuf, &pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE REQUEST", Bytes: csr.Raw})
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
// Sign the CSR with the root backend.
data, err := v.client.Logical().Write(v.config.RootPKIPath+"root/sign-intermediate", map[string]interface{}{
"csr": pemBuf.String(),
"use_csr_values": true,
"format": "pem_bundle",
"max_path_length": 0,
"ttl": v.config.IntermediateCertTTL.String(),
})
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
if data == nil || data.Data["certificate"] == "" {
return "", fmt.Errorf("got empty value when generating intermediate certificate")
}
intermediate, ok := data.Data["certificate"].(string)
if !ok {
return "", fmt.Errorf("signed intermediate result is not a string")
}
return EnsureTrailingNewline(intermediate), nil
}
// CrossSignCA takes a CA certificate and cross-signs it to form a trust chain
// back to our active root.
func (v *VaultProvider) CrossSignCA(cert *x509.Certificate) (string, error) {
rootPEM, err := v.ActiveRoot()
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
rootCert, err := connect.ParseCert(rootPEM)
if err != nil {
return "", fmt.Errorf("error parsing root cert: %v", err)
}
if rootCert.NotAfter.Before(time.Now()) {
return "", fmt.Errorf("root certificate is expired")
}
var pemBuf bytes.Buffer
err = pem.Encode(&pemBuf, &pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE", Bytes: cert.Raw})
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
// Have the root PKI backend sign this cert.
response, err := v.client.Logical().Write(v.config.RootPKIPath+"root/sign-self-issued", map[string]interface{}{
"certificate": pemBuf.String(),
})
if err != nil {
return "", fmt.Errorf("error having Vault cross-sign cert: %v", err)
}
if response == nil || response.Data["certificate"] == "" {
return "", fmt.Errorf("certificate info returned from Vault was blank")
}
xcCert, ok := response.Data["certificate"].(string)
if !ok {
return "", fmt.Errorf("certificate was not a string")
}
return EnsureTrailingNewline(xcCert), nil
}
// SupportsCrossSigning implements Provider
func (v *VaultProvider) SupportsCrossSigning() (bool, error) {
return true, nil
}
// Cleanup unmounts the configured intermediate PKI backend. It's fine to tear
// this down and recreate it on small config changes because the intermediate
// certs get bundled with the leaf certs, so there's no cost to the CA changing.
func (v *VaultProvider) Cleanup(providerTypeChange bool, otherConfig map[string]interface{}) error {
v.Stop()
if !providerTypeChange {
newConfig, err := ParseVaultCAConfig(otherConfig)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// if the intermeidate PKI path isn't changing we don't want to delete it as
// Cleanup is called after initializing the new provider
if newConfig.IntermediatePKIPath == v.config.IntermediatePKIPath {
return nil
}
}
err := v.client.Sys().Unmount(v.config.IntermediatePKIPath)
switch err {
case ErrBackendNotMounted, ErrBackendNotInitialized:
// suppress these errors if we didn't finish initialization before
return nil
default:
return err
}
}
// Stop shuts down the token renew goroutine.
func (v *VaultProvider) Stop() {
v.shutdown()
}
func (v *VaultProvider) PrimaryUsesIntermediate() {}
func ParseVaultCAConfig(raw map[string]interface{}) (*structs.VaultCAProviderConfig, error) {
config := structs.VaultCAProviderConfig{
CommonCAProviderConfig: defaultCommonConfig(),
}
decodeConf := &mapstructure.DecoderConfig{
DecodeHook: mapstructure.ComposeDecodeHookFunc(
structs.ParseDurationFunc(),
decode.HookTranslateKeys,
),
Result: &config,
WeaklyTypedInput: true,
}
decoder, err := mapstructure.NewDecoder(decodeConf)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if err := decoder.Decode(raw); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("error decoding config: %s", err)
}
if config.Token == "" && config.AuthMethod == nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("must provide a Vault token or configure a Vault auth method")
}
if config.Token != "" && config.AuthMethod != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("only one of Vault token or Vault auth method can be provided, but not both")
}
if config.RootPKIPath == "" {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("must provide a valid path to a root PKI backend")
}
if !strings.HasSuffix(config.RootPKIPath, "/") {
config.RootPKIPath += "/"
}
if config.IntermediatePKIPath == "" {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("must provide a valid path for the intermediate PKI backend")
}
if !strings.HasSuffix(config.IntermediatePKIPath, "/") {
config.IntermediatePKIPath += "/"
}
if err := config.CommonCAProviderConfig.Validate(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &config, nil
}
func vaultLogin(client *vaultapi.Client, authMethod *structs.VaultAuthMethod) (*vaultapi.Secret, error) {
// Adapted from https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/kubernetes#code-example
loginPath, err := configureVaultAuthMethod(authMethod)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
resp, err := client.Logical().Write(loginPath, authMethod.Params)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if resp == nil || resp.Auth == nil || resp.Auth.ClientToken == "" {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("login response did not return client token")
}
return resp, nil
}
func configureVaultAuthMethod(authMethod *structs.VaultAuthMethod) (loginPath string, err error) {
if authMethod.MountPath == "" {
authMethod.MountPath = authMethod.Type
}
switch authMethod.Type {
case VaultAuthMethodTypeKubernetes:
// For the Kubernetes Auth method, we will try to read the JWT token
// from the default service account file location if jwt was not provided.
if jwt, ok := authMethod.Params["jwt"]; !ok || jwt == "" {
serviceAccountToken, err := os.ReadFile(defaultK8SServiceAccountTokenPath)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
authMethod.Params["jwt"] = string(serviceAccountToken)
}
loginPath = fmt.Sprintf("auth/%s/login", authMethod.MountPath)
// These auth methods require a username for the login API path.
case VaultAuthMethodTypeLDAP, VaultAuthMethodTypeUserpass, VaultAuthMethodTypeOkta, VaultAuthMethodTypeRadius:
// Get username from the params.
if username, ok := authMethod.Params["username"]; ok {
loginPath = fmt.Sprintf("auth/%s/login/%s", authMethod.MountPath, username)
} else {
return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get 'username' from auth method params")
}
// This auth method requires a role for the login API path.
case VaultAuthMethodTypeOCI:
if role, ok := authMethod.Params["role"]; ok {
loginPath = fmt.Sprintf("auth/%s/login/%s", authMethod.MountPath, role)
} else {
return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get 'role' from auth method params")
}
case VaultAuthMethodTypeToken:
return "", fmt.Errorf("'token' auth method is not supported via auth method configuration; " +
"please provide the token with the 'token' parameter in the CA configuration")
// The rest of the auth methods use auth/<auth method path> login API path.
case VaultAuthMethodTypeAliCloud,
VaultAuthMethodTypeAppRole,
VaultAuthMethodTypeAWS,
VaultAuthMethodTypeAzure,
VaultAuthMethodTypeCloudFoundry,
VaultAuthMethodTypeGitHub,
VaultAuthMethodTypeGCP,
VaultAuthMethodTypeJWT,
VaultAuthMethodTypeKerberos,
VaultAuthMethodTypeTLS:
loginPath = fmt.Sprintf("auth/%s/login", authMethod.MountPath)
default:
return "", fmt.Errorf("auth method %q is not supported", authMethod.Type)
}
return
}