open-consul/website/source/docs/commands/lock.html.markdown
James Phillips 6dd0835319 Makes the timeout behavior more intuitive.
Previously, it would try once "up to" the timeout, but in practice it would
just fall through. This modifies the behavior to block until the timeout has
been reached.
2016-01-06 09:40:20 -08:00

77 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown

---
layout: "docs"
page_title: "Commands: Lock"
sidebar_current: "docs-commands-lock"
description: |-
The lock command provides a mechanism for leader election, mutual exclusion, or worker pools. For example, this can be used to ensure a maximum number of services running at once across a cluster.
---
# Consul Lock
Command: `consul lock`
The `lock` command provides a mechanism for simple distributed locking.
A lock (or semaphore) is created at a given prefix in the Key/Value store,
and only when held, is a child process invoked. If the lock is lost or
communication is disrupted, the child process is terminated.
The number of lock holders is configurable with the `-n` flag. By default,
a single holder is allowed, and a lock is used for mutual exclusion. This
uses the [leader election algorithm](/docs/guides/leader-election.html).
If the lock holder count is more than one, then a semaphore is used instead.
A semaphore allows more than a single holder, but this is less efficient than
a simple lock. This follows the [semaphore algorithm](/docs/guides/semaphore.html).
All locks using the same prefix must agree on the value of `-n`. If conflicting
values of `-n` are provided, an error will be returned.
An example use case is for highly-available N+1 deployments. In these
cases, if N instances of a service are required, N+1 are deployed and use
consul lock with `-n=N` to ensure only N instances are running. For singleton
services, a hot standby waits until the current leader fails to take over.
## Usage
Usage: `consul lock [options] prefix child...`
The only required options are the key prefix and the command to execute.
The prefix must be writable. The child is invoked only when the lock is held,
and the `CONSUL_LOCK_HELD` environment variable will be set to `true`.
If the lock is lost, communication is disrupted, or the parent process
interrupted, the child process will receive a `SIGTERM`. After a grace period
of 5 seconds, a `SIGKILL` will be used to force termination. For Consul agents
on Windows, the child process is always terminated with a `SIGKILL`, since
Windows has no POSIX compatible notion for `SIGTERM`.
The list of available flags are:
* `-http-addr` - Address to the HTTP server of the agent you want to contact
to send this command. If this isn't specified, the command will contact
"127.0.0.1:8500" which is the default HTTP address of a Consul agent.
* `-n` - Optional, limit of lock holders. Defaults to 1. The underlying
implementation switches from a lock to a semaphore when increased past
one. All locks on the same prefix must use the same value.
* `-name` - Optional name to associate with the underlying session.
If not provided, one is generated based on the child command.
* `-token` - ACL token to use. Defaults to that of agent.
* `-pass-stdin` - Pass stdin to child process.
* `-try` - Attempt to acquire the lock up to the given timeout. The timeout is a
positive decimal number, with unit suffix, such as "500ms". Valid time units
are "ns", "us" (or "µs"), "ms", "s", "m", "h".
* `-monitor-retry` - Retry up to this number of times if Consul returns a 500 error
while monitoring the lock. This allows riding out brief periods of unavailability
without causing leader elections, but increases the amount of time required
to detect a lost lock in some cases. Defaults to 3, with a 1s wait between retries.
Set to 0 to disable.
* `-verbose` - Enables verbose output.