171 lines
7.9 KiB
Plaintext
171 lines
7.9 KiB
Plaintext
---
|
|
layout: docs
|
|
page_title: Frequently Asked Questions
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Frequently Asked Questions
|
|
|
|
## Consul on Kubernetes
|
|
|
|
### Q: Can I upgrade directly to a specific Helm chart version or should I upgrade one patch release at a time?
|
|
|
|
It is safe to upgrade directly to a specific version. Be sure to read the release notes for all versions you're upgrading
|
|
through and look for any breaking changes.
|
|
|
|
### Q: Can I upgrade in place or should I spin up a new Kubernetes cluster?
|
|
|
|
It is always safer to spin up a new Kubernetes cluster but that is not an
|
|
option for most teams. Consul supports [upgrading in place](/docs/k8s/upgrade).
|
|
|
|
Non-production environments should be upgraded first. If upgrading
|
|
a Consul version, Consul data should be [backed up](https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/consul/kubernetes-disaster-recovery).
|
|
|
|
## Generic Consul Questions
|
|
|
|
### Q: What is Checkpoint? / Does Consul call home?
|
|
|
|
Consul makes use of a HashiCorp service called [Checkpoint](http://checkpoint.hashicorp.com)
|
|
which is used to check for updates and critical security bulletins.
|
|
Only anonymous information, which cannot be used to identify the user or host,
|
|
is sent to Checkpoint. An anonymous ID is sent which helps de-duplicate warning
|
|
messages.
|
|
This anonymous ID can be disabled. In fact, using the Checkpoint service is
|
|
optional and can be disabled.
|
|
|
|
See [`disable_anonymous_signature`](/docs/agent/options#disable_anonymous_signature)
|
|
and [`disable_update_check`](/docs/agent/options#disable_update_check).
|
|
|
|
### Q: Does Consul rely on UDP Broadcast or Multicast?
|
|
|
|
Consul uses the [Serf](https://www.serf.io) gossip protocol which relies on
|
|
TCP and UDP unicast. Broadcast and Multicast are rarely available in a
|
|
multi-tenant or cloud network environment. For that reason, Consul and Serf
|
|
were both designed to avoid any dependence on those capabilities.
|
|
|
|
### Q: Is Consul eventually or strongly consistent?
|
|
|
|
Consul has two important subsystems, the service catalog and the gossip
|
|
protocol.
|
|
The service catalog stores all the nodes, service instances, health check data,
|
|
ACLs, and KV information. It is strongly consistent, and replicated
|
|
using the [consensus protocol](/docs/internals/consensus).
|
|
|
|
The [gossip protocol](/docs/internals/gossip) is used to track which
|
|
nodes are part of the cluster and to detect a node or agent failure. This
|
|
information is eventually consistent by nature. When the servers detects a
|
|
change in membership, or receive a health update, they update the service
|
|
catalog appropriately.
|
|
|
|
Because of this split, the answer to the question is subtle. Almost all client
|
|
APIs interact with the service catalog and are strongly consistent. Updates to
|
|
the catalog may come via the gossip protocol which is eventually consistent
|
|
meaning the current state of the catalog can lag behind until the state is
|
|
reconciled.
|
|
|
|
### Q: Are _failed_ or _left_ nodes ever removed?
|
|
|
|
To prevent an accumulation of dead nodes (nodes in either _failed_ or _left_
|
|
states), Consul will automatically remove dead nodes out of the catalog. This
|
|
process is called _reaping_. This is currently done on a configurable
|
|
interval of 72 hours. Reaping is similar to leaving, causing all associated
|
|
services to be deregistered. Changing the reap interval for aesthetic
|
|
reasons to trim the number of _failed_ or _left_ nodes is not advised (nodes
|
|
in the _failed_ or _left_ state do not cause any additional burden on
|
|
Consul).
|
|
|
|
### Q: Does Consul support delta updates for watchers or blocking queries?
|
|
|
|
Consul does not currently support sending a delta or a change only response
|
|
to a watcher or a blocking query. The API simply allows for an edge-trigger
|
|
return with the full result. A client should keep the results of their last
|
|
read and compute the delta client side.
|
|
|
|
By design, Consul offloads this to clients instead of attempting to support
|
|
the delta calculation. This avoids expensive state maintenance on the servers
|
|
as well as race conditions between data updates and watch registrations.
|
|
|
|
### Q: What network ports does Consul use?
|
|
|
|
The [Ports Used](/docs/agent/options#ports) section of the Configuration
|
|
documentation lists all ports that Consul uses.
|
|
|
|
### Q: Does Consul require certain user process resource limits?
|
|
|
|
There should be only a small number of open file descriptors required for a
|
|
Consul client agent. The gossip layers perform transient connections with
|
|
other nodes, each connection to the client agent (such as for a blocking
|
|
query) will open a connection, and there will typically be connections to one
|
|
of the Consul servers. A small number of file descriptors are also required
|
|
for watch handlers, health checks, log files, and so on.
|
|
|
|
For a Consul server agent, you should plan on the above requirements and
|
|
an additional incoming connection from each of the nodes in the cluster. This
|
|
should not be the common case, but in the worst case if there is a problem
|
|
with the other servers you would expect the other client agents to all
|
|
connect to a single server and so preparation for this possibility is helpful.
|
|
|
|
The default ulimits are usually sufficient for Consul, but you should closely
|
|
scrutinize your own environment's specific needs and identify the root cause
|
|
of any excessive resource utilization before arbitrarily increasing the limits.
|
|
|
|
### Q: What is the per-key value size limitation for Consul's key/value store?
|
|
|
|
The default recommended limit on a key's value size is 512KB. This is strictly
|
|
enforced and an HTTP 413 status will be returned to any client that attempts to
|
|
store more than that limit in a value. The limit can be increased by using the
|
|
[`kv_max_value_size`](/docs/agent/options#kv_max_value_size) configuration option.
|
|
|
|
It should be noted that the Consul key/value store is not designed to be used as
|
|
a general purpose database. See
|
|
[Server Performance](/docs/install/performance) for more details.
|
|
|
|
### Q: What data is replicated between Consul datacenters?
|
|
|
|
In general, data is not replicated between different Consul datacenters. When a
|
|
request is made for a resource in another datacenter, the local Consul servers
|
|
forward an RPC request to the remote Consul servers for that resource and
|
|
return the results.
|
|
If the remote datacenter is not available, then those resources will also not be
|
|
available from that datacenter. That will not affect the requests to the local
|
|
datacenter. There are some special situations where a limited subset of data
|
|
can be replicated, such as with Consul's built-in
|
|
[ACL replication](https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/consul/access-control-replication-multiple-datacenters)
|
|
capability, or external tools like
|
|
[consul-replicate](https://github.com/hashicorp/consul-replicate).
|
|
|
|
### Q: Can Consul natively handle protecting against other processes accessing Consul's memory state?
|
|
|
|
Consul does not provide built-in memory access protections, and doesn't
|
|
interact with the host system to change or manipulate
|
|
viewing and doesn't interact with the host system to change or manipulate
|
|
application security.
|
|
|
|
We recommend taking any precautions or remediation steps that you would
|
|
normally do for individual processes, based on your operating system.
|
|
|
|
Please see our
|
|
[Security Model](/docs/internals/security) for more information.
|
|
|
|
### Q: Are the Consul Docker Images OCI Compliant?
|
|
|
|
The official [Consul Docker image](https://hub.docker.com/_/consul/) uses
|
|
[Docker image schema](https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/manifest-v2-2/) V2,
|
|
which is OCI Compliant. To check the docker images on Docker Hub, use the
|
|
command `docker manifest inspect consul` to inspect the manifest payload. The
|
|
`docker manifest inspect` may require you to enable experimental features to
|
|
use.
|
|
|
|
### Q: What browsers are supported by the Consul UI?
|
|
|
|
Consul currently supports all 'evergreen' browsers, as they are generally on
|
|
up-to-date versions. This means we support:
|
|
|
|
- Chrome
|
|
- Firefox
|
|
- Safari
|
|
- Microsoft Edge
|
|
|
|
We do not support Internet Explorer 11 (IE 11). Consul follows a similar
|
|
alignment with Microsoft's own stance on IE 11, found on their
|
|
[support website](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/17454/lifecycle-faq-internet-explorer-and-edge).
|