504 lines
26 KiB
Markdown
504 lines
26 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: "docs"
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page_title: "Configuration"
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sidebar_current: "docs-agent-config"
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description: |-
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The agent has various configuration options that can be specified via the command-line or via configuration files. All of the configuration options are completely optional. Defaults are specified with their descriptions.
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---
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# Configuration
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The agent has various configuration options that can be specified via
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the command-line or via configuration files. All of the configuration
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options are completely optional. Defaults are specified with their
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descriptions.
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When loading configuration, Consul loads the configuration from files
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and directories in lexical order. For example, configuration file `basic_config.json`
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will be processed before `extra_config.js`. Configuration specified later
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will be merged into configuration specified earlier. In most cases,
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"merge" means that the later version will override the earlier. In
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some cases, such as event handlers, merging appends the handlers to the
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existing configuration. The exact merging behavior is specified for each
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option below.
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Consul also supports reloading configuration when it receives the
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SIGHUP signal. Not all changes are respected, but those that are
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are documented below in the
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[Reloadable Configuration](#reloadable-configuration) section. The
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[reload command](/docs/commands/reload.html) can also be used to trigger a
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configuration reload.
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## Command-line Options
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The options below are all specified on the command-line.
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* <a id="advertise"></a>`-advertise` - The advertise address is used to change the address that we
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advertise to other nodes in the cluster. By default, the `-bind` address is
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advertised. However, in some cases, there may be a routable address that cannot
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be bound. This flag enables gossiping a different address to support this.
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If this address is not routable, the node will be in a constant flapping state
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as other nodes will treat the non-routability as a failure.
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* <a id="bootstrap_anchor"></a>`-bootstrap` - This flag is used to control if a server is in "bootstrap" mode. It is important that
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no more than one server *per* data center be running in this mode. Technically, a server in bootstrap mode
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is allowed to self-elect as the Raft leader. It is important that only a single node is in this mode;
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otherwise, consistency cannot be guaranteed as multiple nodes are able to self-elect.
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It is not recommended to use this flag after a cluster has been bootstrapped.
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* <a id="bootstrap_expect"></a>`-bootstrap-expect` - This flag provides the number of expected servers in the data center.
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Either this value should not be provided or the value must agree with other servers in
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the cluster. When provided, Consul waits until the specified number of servers are
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available and then bootstraps the cluster. This allows an initial leader to be elected
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automatically. This cannot be used in conjunction with the `-bootstrap` flag.
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* <a id="bind"></a>`-bind` - The address that should be bound to for internal cluster communications.
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This is an IP address that should be reachable by all other nodes in the cluster.
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By default, this is "0.0.0.0", meaning Consul will use the first available private
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IP address. Consul uses both TCP and UDP and the same port for both. If you
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have any firewalls, be sure to allow both protocols.
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* <a id="client"></a>`-client` - The address to which Consul will bind client interfaces,
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including the HTTP, DNS, and RPC servers. By default, this is "127.0.0.1",
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allowing only loopback connections. The RPC address is used by other Consul
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commands, such as `consul members`, in order to query a running Consul agent.
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* <a id="config_file"></a>`-config-file` - A configuration file to load. For more information on
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the format of this file, read the [Configuration Files](#configuration_files) section.
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This option can be specified multiple times to load multiple configuration
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files. If it is specified multiple times, configuration files loaded later
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will merge with configuration files loaded earlier. During a config merge,
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single-value keys (string, int, bool) will simply have their values replaced
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while list types will be appended together.
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* <a id="config_dir"></a>`-config-dir` - A directory of configuration files to load. Consul will
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load all files in this directory with the suffix ".json". The load order
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is alphabetical, and the the same merge routine is used as with the
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[`config-file`](config_file) option above. For more information
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on the format of the configuration files, see the [Configuration Files](#configuration_files) section.
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* <a id="data_dir"></a>`-data-dir` - This flag provides a data directory for the agent to store state.
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This is required for all agents. The directory should be durable across reboots.
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This is especially critical for agents that are running in server mode as they
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must be able to persist cluster state. Additionally, the directory must support
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the use of filesystem locking, meaning some types of mounted folders (e.g. VirtualBox
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shared folders) may not be suitable.
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* <a id="dc"></a>`-dc` - This flag controls the data center in which the agent is running. If not provided,
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it defaults to "dc1". Consul has first-class support for multiple data centers, but
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it relies on proper configuration. Nodes in the same data center should be on a single
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LAN.
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* <a id="encrypt"></a>`-encrypt` - Specifies the secret key to use for encryption of Consul
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network traffic. This key must be 16-bytes that are Base64-encoded. The
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easiest way to create an encryption key is to use `consul keygen`. All
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nodes within a cluster must share the same encryption key to communicate.
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The provided key is automatically persisted to the data directory and loaded
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automatically whenever the agent is restarted. This means that to encrypt
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Consul's gossip protocol, this option only needs to be provided once on each
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agent's initial startup sequence. If it is provided after Consul has been
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initialized with an encryption key, then the provided key is ignored and
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a warning will be displayed.
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* <a id="join"></a>`-join` - Address of another agent to join upon starting up. This can be
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specified multiple times to specify multiple agents to join. If Consul is
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unable to join with any of the specified addresses, agent startup will
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fail. By default, the agent won't join any nodes when it starts up.
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* <a id="retry_join"></a>`-retry-join` - Similar to [`-join`](#join) but allows retrying a join if the first
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attempt fails. This is useful for cases where we know the address will become
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available eventually.
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* <a id="retry_interval"></a>`-retry-interval` - Time to wait between join attempts. Defaults to 30s.
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* <a id="retry_max"></a>`-retry-max` - The maximum number of join attempts to be made before exiting
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with return code 1. By default, this is set to 0 which is interpreted as infinite
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retries.
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* <a id="join_wan"></a>`-join-wan` - Address of another wan agent to join upon starting up. This can be
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specified multiple times to specify multiple WAN agents to join. If Consul is
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unable to join with any of the specified addresses, agent startup will
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fail. By default, the agent won't [`-join-wan`](#join_wan) any nodes when it starts up.
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* <a id="retry_join_wan"></a>`-retry-join-wan` - Similar to [`retry-join`](#retry_join) but allows retrying
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a wan join if the first attempt fails. This is useful for cases where we know the address will become
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available eventually.
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* <a id="retry_interval_wan"></a>`-retry-interval-wan` - Time to wait between [`-join-wan`](#join_wan) attempts.
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Defaults to 30s.
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* <a id="retry_max_wan"></a>`-retry-max-wan` - The maximum number of [`-join-wan`](#join_wan) attempts to
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be made before exiting with return code 1. By default, this is set to 0 which is interpreted as infinite
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retries.
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* <a id="log_level"></a>`-log-level` - The level of logging to show after the Consul agent has
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started. This defaults to "info". The available log levels are "trace",
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"debug", "info", "warn", and "err". Note that you can always connect to an
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agent via `consul monitor` and use any log level. Also, the log level can
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be changed during a config reload.
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* <a id="node"></a>`-node` - The name of this node in the cluster. This must be unique within
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the cluster. By default this is the hostname of the machine.
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* <a id="protocol"></a>`-protocol` - The Consul protocol version to use. This defaults to the latest
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version. This should be set only when [upgrading](/docs/upgrading.html).
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You can view the protocol versions supported by Consul by running `consul -v`.
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* <a id="rejoin"></a>`-rejoin` - When provided, Consul will ignore a previous leave and attempt to
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rejoin the cluster when starting. By default, Consul treats leave as a permanent
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intent and does not attempt to join the cluster again when starting. This flag
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allows the previous state to be used to rejoin the cluster.
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* <a id="server"></a>`-server` - This flag is used to control if an agent is in server or client mode. When provided,
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an agent will act as a Consul server. Each Consul cluster must have at least one server and ideally
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no more than 5 per data center. All servers participate in the Raft consensus algorithm to ensure that
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transactions occur in a consistent, linearizable manner. Transactions modify cluster state, which
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is maintained on all server nodes to ensure availability in the case of node failure. Server nodes also
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participate in a WAN gossip pool with server nodes in other data centers. Servers act as gateways
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to other data centers and forward traffic as appropriate.
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* <a id="syslog"></a>`-syslog` - This flag enables logging to syslog. This is only supported on Linux
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and OSX. It will result in an error if provided on Windows.
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* <a id="ui_dir"></a>`-ui-dir` - This flag provides the directory containing the Web UI resources
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for Consul. This must be provided to enable the Web UI. The directory must be readable.
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* <a id="pid_file"></a>`-pid-file` - This flag provides the file path for the agent to store its PID. This is useful for
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sending signals (for example, `SIGINT` to close the agent or `SIGHUP` to update check definitions) to the agent.
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## <a id="configuration_files"></a>Configuration Files
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In addition to the command-line options, configuration can be put into
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files. This may be easier in certain situations, for example when Consul is
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being configured using a configuration management system.
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The configuration files are JSON formatted, making them easily readable
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and editable by both humans and computers. The configuration is formatted
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as a single JSON object with configuration within it.
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Configuration files are used for more than just setting up the agent,
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they are also used to provide check and service definitions. These are used
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to announce the availability of system servers to the rest of the cluster.
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They are documented separately under [check configuration](/docs/agent/checks.html) and
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[service configuration](/docs/agent/services.html) respectively. The service and check
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definitions support being updated during a reload.
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#### Example Configuration File
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```javascript
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{
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"datacenter": "east-aws",
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"data_dir": "/opt/consul",
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"log_level": "INFO",
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"node_name": "foobar",
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"server": true,
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"watches": [
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{
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"type": "checks",
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"handler": "/usr/bin/health-check-handler.sh"
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}
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]
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}
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```
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#### Configuration Key Reference
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* `acl_datacenter` - Only used by servers. This designates the data center which
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is authoritative for ACL information. It must be provided to enable ACLs.
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All servers and data centers must agree on the ACL data center. Setting it on
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the servers is all you need for enforcement, but for the APIs to forward properly
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from the clients, it must be set on them too. Future changes may move
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enforcement to the edges, so it's best to just set `acl_datacenter` on all nodes.
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* `acl_default_policy` - Either "allow" or "deny"; defaults to "allow". The
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default policy controls the behavior of a token when there is no matching
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rule. In "allow" mode, ACLs are a blacklist: any operation not specifically
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prohibited is allowed. In "deny" mode, ACLs are a whitelist: any operation not
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specifically allowed is blocked.
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* `acl_down_policy` - Either "allow", "deny" or "extend-cache"; "extend-cache" is the
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default. In the case that the policy for a token cannot be read from the
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`acl_datacenter` or leader node, the down policy is applied. In "allow" mode,
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all actions are permitted, "deny" restricts all operations, and "extend-cache"
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allows any cached ACLs to be used, ignoring their TTL values. If a non-cached
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ACL is used, "extend-cache" acts like "deny".
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* `acl_master_token` - Only used for servers in the `acl_datacenter`. This token
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will be created with management-level permissions if it does not exist. It allows
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operators to bootstrap the ACL system with a token ID that is well-known.
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* `acl_token` - When provided, the agent will use this token when making requests
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to the Consul servers. Clients can override this token on a per-request basis
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by providing the "?token" query parameter. When not provided, the empty token, which
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maps to the 'anonymous' ACL policy, is used.
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* `acl_ttl` - Used to control Time-To-Live caching of ACLs. By default, this
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is 30 seconds. This setting has a major performance impact: reducing it will
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cause more frequent refreshes while increasing it reduces the number of caches.
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However, because the caches are not actively invalidated, ACL policy may be stale
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up to the TTL value.
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* `addresses` - This is a nested object that allows setting bind addresses.
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<br><br>
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Both `rpc` and `http` support binding to Unix domain sockets. A socket can be
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specified in the form `unix:///path/to/socket`. A new domain socket will be
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created at the given path. If the specified file path already exists, Consul
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will attempt to clear the file and create the domain socket in its place.
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<br><br>
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The permissions of the socket file are tunable via the `unix_sockets` config
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construct.
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<br><br>
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When running Consul agent commands against Unix socket interfaces, use the
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`-rpc-addr` or `-http-addr` arguments to specify the path to the socket. You
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can also place the desired values in `CONSUL_RPC_ADDR` and `CONSUL_HTTP_ADDR`
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environment variables. For TCP addresses, these should be in the form ip:port.
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<br><br>
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The following keys are valid:
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* `dns` - The DNS server. Defaults to `client_addr`
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* `http` - The HTTP API. Defaults to `client_addr`
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* `rpc` - The RPC endpoint. Defaults to `client_addr`
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* `advertise_addr` - Equivalent to the [`-advertise` command-line flag](#advertise).
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* `bootstrap` - Equivalent to the [`-bootstrap` command-line flag](#bootstrap_anchor).
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* `bootstrap_expect` - Equivalent to the [`-bootstrap-expect` command-line flag](#bootstrap_expect).
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* `bind_addr` - Equivalent to the [`-bind` command-line flag](#bind).
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* <a id="ca_file"></a>`ca_file` - This provides a file path to a PEM-encoded certificate authority.
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The certificate authority is used to check the authenticity of client and server
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connections with the appropriate [`verify_incoming`](#verify_incoming) or
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[`verify_outgoing`](#verify_outgoing) flags.
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* <a id="cert_file"></a>`cert_file` - This provides a file path to a PEM-encoded certificate.
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The certificate is provided to clients or servers to verify the agent's authenticity.
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It must be provided along with `key_file`.
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* `check_update_interval` - This interval controls how often check output from
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checks in a steady state is synchronized with the server. By default, this is
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set to 5 minutes ("5m"). Many checks which are in a steady state produce
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slightly different output per run (timestamps, etc) which cause constant writes.
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This configuration allows deferring the sync of check output for a given interval to
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reduce write pressure. If a check ever changes state, the new state and associated
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output is synchronized immediately. To disable this behavior, set the value to "0s".
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* `client_addr` - Equivalent to the [`-client` command-line flag](#client).
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* `datacenter` - Equivalent to the [`-dc` command-line flag](#dc).
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* `data_dir` - Equivalent to the [`-data-dir` command-line flag](#data_dir).
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* `disable_anonymous_signature` - Disables providing an anonymous signature for
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de-duplication with the update check. See [`disable_update_check`](#disable_update_check).
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* `disable_remote_exec` - Disables support for remote execution. When set to true,
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the agent will ignore any incoming remote exec requests.
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* <a id="disable_update_check"></a>`disable_update_check` - Disables automatic checking for security bulletins and
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new version releases.
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* `dns_config` - This object allows a number of sub-keys to be set which can tune
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how DNS queries are serviced. See this guide on [DNS caching](/docs/guides/dns-cache.html)
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for more detail.
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<br><br>
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The following sub-keys are available:
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* `allow_stale` - Enables a stale query for DNS information. This allows any Consul
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server, rather than only the leader, to service the request. The advantage of this is
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you get linear read scalability with Consul servers. By default, this is false, meaning
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all requests are serviced by the leader, providing stronger consistency but
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less throughput and higher latency.
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* `max_stale` - When `allow_stale` is specified, this is used to limit how
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stale results are allowed to be. By default, this is set to "5s":
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if a Consul server is more than 5 seconds behind the leader, the query will be
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re-evaluated on the leader to get more up-to-date results.
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* `node_ttl` - By default, this is "0s", so all node lookups are served with
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a 0 TTL value. DNS caching for node lookups can be enabled by setting this value. This
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should be specified with the "s" suffix for second or "m" for minute.
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* `service_ttl` - This is a sub-object which allows for setting a TTL on service lookups
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with a per-service policy. The "*" wildcard service can be used when
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there is no specific policy available for a service. By default, all services are served
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with a 0 TTL value. DNS caching for service lookups can be enabled by setting this value.
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* `enable_truncate` - If set to true, a UDP DNS query that would return more than 3 records
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will set the truncated flag, indicating to clients that they should re-query using TCP to
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get the full set of records.
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* `only_passing` - If set to true, any nodes whose healthchecks are not passing will be
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excluded from DNS results. By default (or if set to false), only nodes whose healthchecks
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are failing as critical will be excluded.
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* `domain` - By default, Consul responds to DNS queries in the "consul." domain.
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This flag can be used to change that domain. All queries in this domain are assumed
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to be handled by Consul and will not be recursively resolved.
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* `enable_debug` - When set, enables some additional debugging features. Currently,
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this is only used to set the runtime profiling HTTP endpoints.
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* <a id="enable_syslog"></a>`enable_syslog` - Equivalent to the [`-syslog` command-line flag](#syslog).
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* `encrypt` - Equivalent to the [`-encrypt` command-line flag](#encrypt).
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* `key_file` - This provides a the file path to a PEM-encoded private key.
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The key is used with the certificate to verify the agent's authenticity.
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This must be provided along with [`cert_file`](#cert_file).
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* `http_api_response_headers` - This object allows adding headers to the HTTP API
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responses. For example, the following config can be used to enable
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[CORS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-origin_resource_sharing) on
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the HTTP API endpoints:
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```javascript
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{
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"http_api_response_headers": {
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"Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*"
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}
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}
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```
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* <a id="leave_on_terminate"></a>`leave_on_terminate` - If enabled, when the agent receives a TERM signal,
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it will send a `Leave` message to the rest of the cluster and gracefully
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leave. Defaults to false.
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* `log_level` - Equivalent to the [`-log-level` command-line flag](#log_level).
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* `node_name` - Equivalent to the [`-node` command-line flag](#node).
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* `ports` - This is a nested object that allows setting the bind ports
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for the following keys:
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* `dns` - The DNS server, -1 to disable. Default 8600.
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* `http` - The HTTP API, -1 to disable. Default 8500.
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* `https` - The HTTPS API, -1 to disable. Default -1 (disabled).
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* `rpc` - The RPC endpoint. Default 8400.
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* `serf_lan` - The Serf LAN port. Default 8301.
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* `serf_wan` - The Serf WAN port. Default 8302.
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* `server` - Server RPC address. Default 8300.
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* `protocol` - Equivalent to the [`-protocol` command-line flag](#protocol).
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* `recursor` - Provides a single recursor address. This has been deprecated, and
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the value is appended to the [`recursors`](#recursors) list for backwards compatibility.
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* <a id="recursors"></a>`recursors` - This flag provides addresses of upstream DNS servers that are used to
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recursively resolve queries if they are not inside the service domain for consul. For example,
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a node can use Consul directly as a DNS server, and if the record is outside of the "consul." domain,
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the query will be resolved upstream.
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* `rejoin_after_leave` - Equivalent to the [`-rejoin` command-line flag](#rejoin).
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* `retry_join` - Equivalent to the [`-retry-join` command-line flag](#retry_join). Takes a list
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of addresses to attempt joining every `retry_interval` until at least one
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[`-join`](#join) works.
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* `retry_interval` - Equivalent to the [`-retry-interval` command-line flag](#retry_interval).
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* `retry_join_wan` - Equivalent to the [`-retry-join-wan` command-line flag](#retry_join_wan). Takes a list
|
|
of addresses to attempt joining to WAN every [`retry_interval_wan`](#retry_interval_wan) until at least one
|
|
[`-join-wan`](#join_wan) works.
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|
|
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* `retry_interval_wan` - Equivalent to the [`-retry-interval-wan` command-line flag](#retry_interval_wan).
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* `server` - Equivalent to the [`-server` command-line flag](#server).
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|
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* `server_name` - When provided, this overrides the `node_name` for the TLS certificate.
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|
It can be used to ensure that the certificate name matches the hostname we
|
|
declare.
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|
|
|
* `skip_leave_on_interrupt` - This is similar to [`leave_on_terminate`](#leave_on_terminate) but
|
|
only affects interrupt handling. By default, an interrupt (such as hitting
|
|
Control-C in a shell) causes Consul to gracefully leave. Setting this to true
|
|
disables that. Defaults to false.
|
|
|
|
* `start_join` - An array of strings specifying addresses of nodes to
|
|
join upon startup.
|
|
|
|
* `start_join_wan` - An array of strings specifying addresses of WAN nodes to
|
|
[`-join-wan`](#join_wan) upon startup.
|
|
|
|
* `statsd_addr` - This provides the address of a statsd instance. If provided,
|
|
Consul will send various telemetry information to that instance for aggregation.
|
|
This can be used to capture runtime information. This sends UDP packets
|
|
only and can be used with statsd or statsite.
|
|
|
|
* `statsite_addr` - This provides the address of a statsite instance. If provided,
|
|
Consul will stream various telemetry information to that instance for aggregation.
|
|
This can be used to capture runtime information. This streams via
|
|
TCP and can only be used with statsite.
|
|
|
|
* `syslog_facility` - When [`enable_syslog`](#enable_syslog) is provided, this controls to which
|
|
facility messages are sent. By default, `LOCAL0` will be used.
|
|
|
|
* `ui_dir` - Equivalent to the [`-ui-dir`](#ui_dir) command-line flag.
|
|
|
|
* `unix_sockets` - This allows tuning the ownership and permissions of the
|
|
Unix domain socket files created by Consul. Domain sockets are only used if
|
|
the HTTP or RPC addresses are configured with the `unix://` prefix. The
|
|
following options are valid within this construct and apply globally to all
|
|
sockets created by Consul:
|
|
<br>
|
|
* `user` - The name or ID of the user who will own the socket file.
|
|
* `group` - The group ID ownership of the socket file. Note that this option
|
|
currently only supports numeric IDs.
|
|
* `mode` - The permission bits to set on the file.
|
|
<br>
|
|
It is important to note that this option may have different effects on
|
|
different operating systems. Linux generally observes socket file permissions
|
|
while many BSD variants ignore permissions on the socket file itself. It is
|
|
important to test this feature on your specific distribution. This feature is
|
|
currently not functional on Windows hosts.
|
|
|
|
* <a id="verify_incoming"></a>`verify_incoming` - If set to true, Consul requires that all incoming
|
|
connections make use of TLS and that the client provides a certificate signed
|
|
by the Certificate Authority from the [`ca_file`](#ca_file). By default, this is false, and
|
|
Consul will not enforce the use of TLS or verify a client's authenticity. This
|
|
only applies to Consul servers since a client never has an incoming connection.
|
|
|
|
* <a id="verify_outgoing"></a>`verify_outgoing` - If set to true, Consul requires that all outgoing connections
|
|
make use of TLS and that the server provides a certificate that is signed by
|
|
the Certificate Authority from the [`ca_file`](#ca_file). By default, this is false, and Consul
|
|
will not make use of TLS for outgoing connections. This applies to clients and servers
|
|
as both will make outgoing connections.
|
|
|
|
* `watches` - Watches is a list of watch specifications which allow an external process
|
|
to be automatically invoked when a particular data view is updated. See the
|
|
[watch documentation](/docs/agent/watches.html) for more detail. Watches can be
|
|
modified when the configuration is reloaded.
|
|
|
|
## Ports Used
|
|
|
|
Consul requires up to 5 different ports to work properly, some on
|
|
TCP, UDP, or both protocols. Below we document the requirements for each
|
|
port.
|
|
|
|
* Server RPC (Default 8300). This is used by servers to handle incoming
|
|
requests from other agents. TCP only.
|
|
|
|
* Serf LAN (Default 8301). This is used to handle gossip in the LAN.
|
|
Required by all agents. TCP and UDP.
|
|
|
|
* Serf WAN (Default 8302). This is used by servers to gossip over the
|
|
WAN to other servers. TCP and UDP.
|
|
|
|
* CLI RPC (Default 8400). This is used by all agents to handle RPC
|
|
from the CLI. TCP only.
|
|
|
|
* HTTP API (Default 8500). This is used by clients to talk to the HTTP
|
|
API. TCP only.
|
|
|
|
* DNS Interface (Default 8600). Used to resolve DNS queries. TCP and UDP.
|
|
|
|
## <a id="reloadable-configuration"></a>Reloadable Configuration</a>
|
|
|
|
Reloading configuration does not reload all configuration items. The
|
|
items which are reloaded include:
|
|
|
|
* Log level
|
|
* Checks
|
|
* Services
|
|
* Watches
|
|
* HTTP Client Address
|