167 lines
5.5 KiB
Plaintext
167 lines
5.5 KiB
Plaintext
---
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layout: intro
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page_title: Registering Services
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description: >
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A service can be registered either by providing a service definition or by
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making the appropriate calls to the HTTP API. A configuration file is the most
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common, so we will use this approach to register a service, and then query
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that service using the REST API and DNS interfaces.
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---
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# Registering Services
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In the previous step, we ran our first agent, saw the cluster members (well,
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our cluster _member_), and queried that node. In this guide, we'll register
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our first service and query that service.
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## Defining a Service
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A service can be registered either by providing a
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[service definition](/docs/agent/services) or by making the appropriate
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calls to the [HTTP API](/api).
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A service definition is the most common way to register services, so we'll
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use that approach for this step. We'll be building on the agent configuration
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we covered in the [previous step](/intro/getting-started/agent).
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First, create a directory for Consul configuration. Consul loads all
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configuration files in the configuration directory, so a common convention
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on Unix systems is to name the directory something like `/etc/consul.d`
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(the `.d` suffix implies "this directory contains a set of configuration
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files").
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```text
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$ sudo mkdir /etc/consul.d
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```
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Next, we'll write a service definition configuration file. Let's
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pretend we have a service named "web" running on port 80. Additionally,
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we'll give it a tag we can use as an additional way to query the service:
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```text
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$ echo '{"service": {"name": "web", "tags": ["rails"], "port": 80}}' \
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| sudo tee /etc/consul.d/web.json
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```
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Now, restart the agent, providing the configuration directory:
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```text
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$ consul agent -dev -config-dir=/etc/consul.d
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==> Starting Consul agent...
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...
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[INFO] agent: Synced service 'web'
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...
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```
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You'll notice in the output that it "synced" the web service. This means
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that the agent loaded the service definition from the configuration file,
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and has successfully registered it in the service catalog.
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If you wanted to register multiple services, you could create multiple
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service definition files in the Consul configuration directory.
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## Querying Services
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Once the agent is started and the service is synced, we can query the
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service using either the DNS or HTTP API.
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### DNS API
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Let's first query our service using the DNS API. For the DNS API, the
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DNS name for services is `NAME.service.consul`. By default, all DNS names
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are always in the `consul` namespace, though
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[this is configurable](/docs/agent/options#domain). The `service`
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subdomain tells Consul we're querying services, and the `NAME` is the name
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of the service.
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For the web service we registered, these conventions and settings yield a
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fully-qualified domain name of `web.service.consul`:
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```text
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$ dig @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 web.service.consul
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...
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;; QUESTION SECTION:
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;web.service.consul. IN A
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;; ANSWER SECTION:
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web.service.consul. 0 IN A 172.20.20.11
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```
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As you can see, an `A` record was returned with the IP address of the node on
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which the service is available. `A` records can only hold IP addresses.
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You can also use the DNS API to retrieve the entire address/port pair as a
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`SRV` record:
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```text
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$ dig @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 web.service.consul SRV
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...
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;; QUESTION SECTION:
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;web.service.consul. IN SRV
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;; ANSWER SECTION:
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web.service.consul. 0 IN SRV 1 1 80 Armons-MacBook-Air.node.dc1.consul.
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;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
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Armons-MacBook-Air.node.dc1.consul. 0 IN A 172.20.20.11
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```
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The `SRV` record says that the web service is running on port 80 and exists on
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the node `Armons-MacBook-Air.node.dc1.consul.`. An additional section is returned by the
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DNS with the `A` record for that node.
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Finally, we can also use the DNS API to filter services by tags. The
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format for tag-based service queries is `TAG.NAME.service.consul`. In
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the example below, we ask Consul for all web services with the "rails"
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tag. We get a successful response since we registered our service with
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that tag:
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```text
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$ dig @127.0.0.1 -p 8600 rails.web.service.consul
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...
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;; QUESTION SECTION:
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;rails.web.service.consul. IN A
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;; ANSWER SECTION:
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rails.web.service.consul. 0 IN A 172.20.20.11
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```
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### HTTP API
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In addition to the DNS API, the HTTP API can be used to query services:
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```text
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$ curl http://localhost:8500/v1/catalog/service/web
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[{"Node":"Armons-MacBook-Air","Address":"172.20.20.11","ServiceID":"web", \
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"ServiceName":"web","ServiceTags":["rails"],"ServicePort":80}]
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```
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The catalog API gives all nodes hosting a given service. As we will see later
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with [health checks](/intro/getting-started/checks) you'll typically want
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to query just for healthy instances where the checks are passing. This is what
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DNS is doing under the hood. Here's a query to look for only healthy instances:
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```text
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$ curl 'http://localhost:8500/v1/health/service/web?passing'
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[{"Node":"Armons-MacBook-Air","Address":"172.20.20.11","Service":{ \
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"ID":"web", "Service":"web", "Tags":["rails"],"Port":80}, "Checks": ...}]
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```
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## Updating Services
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Service definitions can be updated by changing configuration files and
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sending a `SIGHUP` to the agent. This lets you update services without
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any downtime or unavailability to service queries.
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Alternatively, the HTTP API can be used to add, remove, and modify services
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dynamically.
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## Next Steps
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We've now configured a single agent and registered a service. This is good
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progress, but let's explore the full value of Consul by learning how to
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[automatically encrypt and authorize service-to service communication](/intro/getting-started/connect) with Consul Connect.
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