Adds a read-only optimized path for transactions.

api/kv.go

@@ -308,6 +308,7 @@ type TxnResponse struct {
 }
 
 // Txn is used to apply multiple KV operations in a single, atomic transaction.
+//
 // Note that Go will perform the required base64 encoding on the values
 // automatically because the type is a byte slice. Transactions are defined as a
 // list of operations to perform, using the KVOp constants and KVTxnOp structure
@@ -318,6 +319,13 @@ type TxnResponse struct {
 // transaction API client, but it will be easy to keep this KV-specific variant
 // supported.
 //
+// Even though this is generally a write operation, we take a QueryOptions input
+// and return a QueryMeta output. If the transaction contains only read ops, then
+// Consul will fast-path it to a different endpoint internally which supports
+// consistency controls, but not blocking. If there are write operations then
+// the request will always be routed through raft and any consistency settings
+// will be ignored.
+//
 // Here's an example:
 //
 // ops := KVTxnOps{
@@ -343,9 +351,9 @@ type TxnResponse struct {
 // is a KVGet. If the transaction was rolled back, the Errors member will have
 // entries referencing the index of the operation that failed along with an error
 // message.
-func (k *KV) Txn(txn KVTxnOps, q *WriteOptions) (bool, *KVTxnResponse, *WriteMeta, error) {
+func (k *KV) Txn(txn KVTxnOps, q *QueryOptions) (bool, *KVTxnResponse, *QueryMeta, error) {
 	r := k.c.newRequest("PUT", "/v1/txn")
-	r.setWriteOptions(q)
+	r.setQueryOptions(q)
 
 	// Convert into the internal format since this is an all-KV txn.
 	ops := make(TxnOps, 0, len(txn))
@@ -359,8 +367,9 @@ func (k *KV) Txn(txn KVTxnOps, q *WriteOptions) (bool, *KVTxnResponse, *WriteMet
 	}
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 
-	wm := &WriteMeta{}
+	qm := &QueryMeta{}
-	wm.RequestTime = rtt
+	parseQueryMeta(resp, qm)
+	qm.RequestTime = rtt
 
 	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK || resp.StatusCode == http.StatusConflict {
 		var txnResp TxnResponse
@@ -375,7 +384,7 @@ func (k *KV) Txn(txn KVTxnOps, q *WriteOptions) (bool, *KVTxnResponse, *WriteMet
 		for _, result := range txnResp.Results {
 			kvResp.Results = append(kvResp.Results, result.KV)
 		}
-		return resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK, &kvResp, wm, nil
+		return resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK, &kvResp, qm, nil
 	}
 
 	var buf bytes.Buffer

api/kv_test.go

@@ -519,6 +519,32 @@ func TestClient_Txn(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Run a read-only transaction.
+	txn = KVTxnOps{
+		&KVTxnOp{
+			Verb: KVGet,
+			Key:  key,
+		},
+	}
+	ok, ret, _, err = kv.Txn(txn, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err: %v", err)
+	} else if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("transaction failure")
+	}
+
+	if ret == nil || len(ret.Errors) != 0 || len(ret.Results) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("bad: %v", ret)
+	}
+	for _, result := range ret.Results {
+		if result.Key != key ||
+			!bytes.Equal(result.Value, value) ||
+			result.Session != id ||
+			result.LockIndex != 1 {
+			t.Fatalf("bad: %v", result)
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Sanity check using the regular GET API.
 	pair, meta, err := kv.Get(key, nil)
 	if err != nil {

command/agent/txn_endpoint.go

@@ -75,18 +75,11 @@ func fixupKVOps(raw interface{}) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Txn handles requests to apply multiple operations in a single, atomic
+// convertOps takes the incoming body in API format and converts it to the
-// transaction.
+// internal RPC format. This returns a count of the number of write ops, and
-func (s *HTTPServer) Txn(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) (interface{}, error) {
+// a boolean, that if false means an error response has been generated and
-	if req.Method != "PUT" {
+// processing should stop.
-		resp.WriteHeader(http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
+func (s *HTTPServer) convertOps(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) (structs.TxnOps, int, bool) {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	var args structs.TxnRequest
-	s.parseDC(req, &args.Datacenter)
-	s.parseToken(req, &args.Token)
-
 	// Note the body is in API format, and not the RPC format. If we can't
 	// decode it, we will return a 400 since we don't have enough context to
 	// associate the error with a given operation.
@@ -94,24 +87,31 @@ func (s *HTTPServer) Txn(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) (interface
 	if err := decodeBody(req, &ops, fixupKVOps); err != nil {
 		resp.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
 		resp.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("Failed to parse body: %v", err)))
-		return nil, nil
+		return nil, 0, false
 	}
 
 	// Convert the KV API format into the RPC format. Note that fixupKVOps
 	// above will have already converted the base64 encoded strings into
 	// byte arrays so we can assign right over.
+	var opsRPC structs.TxnOps
+	var writes int
 	for _, in := range ops {
 		if in.KV != nil {
 			if size := len(in.KV.Value); size > maxKVSize {
 				resp.WriteHeader(http.StatusRequestEntityTooLarge)
 				resp.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("Value for key %q is too large (%d > %d bytes)",
 					in.KV.Key, size, maxKVSize)))
-				return nil, nil
+				return nil, 0, false
+			}
+
+			verb := structs.KVSOp(in.KV.Verb)
+			if verb.IsWrite() {
+				writes += 1
 			}
 
 			out := &structs.TxnOp{
 				KV: &structs.TxnKVOp{
-					Verb: structs.KVSOp(in.KV.Verb),
+					Verb: verb,
 					DirEnt: structs.DirEntry{
 						Key:     in.KV.Key,
 						Value:   in.KV.Value,
@@ -123,20 +123,67 @@ func (s *HTTPServer) Txn(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) (interface
 					},
 				},
 			}
-			args.Ops = append(args.Ops, out)
+			opsRPC = append(opsRPC, out)
 		}
 	}
+	return opsRPC, writes, true
+}
 
-	// Make the request and return a conflict status if there were errors
+// Txn handles requests to apply multiple operations in a single, atomic
-	// reported from the transaction.
+// transaction. A transaction consisting of only read operations will be fast-
-	var reply structs.TxnResponse
+// pathed to an endpoint that supports consistency modes (but not blocking),
-	if err := s.agent.RPC("Txn.Apply", &args, &reply); err != nil {
+// and everything else will be routed through Raft like a normal write.
-		return nil, err
+func (s *HTTPServer) Txn(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) (interface{}, error) {
+	if req.Method != "PUT" {
+		resp.WriteHeader(http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
+		return nil, nil
 	}
-	if len(reply.Errors) > 0 {
+
+	// Convert the ops from the API format to the internal format.
+	ops, writes, ok := s.convertOps(resp, req)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	// Fast-path a transaction with only writes to the read-only endpoint,
+	// which bypasses Raft, and allows for staleness.
+	conflict := false
+	var ret interface{}
+	if writes == 0 {
+		args := structs.TxnReadRequest{Ops: ops}
+		if done := s.parse(resp, req, &args.Datacenter, &args.QueryOptions); done {
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+
+		var reply structs.TxnReadResponse
+		if err := s.agent.RPC("Txn.Read", &args, &reply); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		// Since we don't do blocking, we only add the relevant headers
+		// for metadata.
+		setLastContact(resp, reply.LastContact)
+		setKnownLeader(resp, reply.KnownLeader)
+
+		ret, conflict = reply, len(reply.Errors) > 0
+	} else {
+		args := structs.TxnRequest{Ops: ops}
+		s.parseDC(req, &args.Datacenter)
+		s.parseToken(req, &args.Token)
+
+		var reply structs.TxnResponse
+		if err := s.agent.RPC("Txn.Apply", &args, &reply); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		ret, conflict = reply, len(reply.Errors) > 0
+	}
+
+	// If there was a conflict return the response object but set a special
+	// status code.
+	if conflict {
 		var buf []byte
 		var err error
-		buf, err = s.marshalJSON(req, reply)
+		buf, err = s.marshalJSON(req, ret)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -148,5 +195,5 @@ func (s *HTTPServer) Txn(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) (interface
 	}
 
 	// Otherwise, return the results of the successful transaction.
-	return reply, nil
+	return ret, nil
 }

command/agent/txn_endpoint_test.go

@@ -162,6 +162,76 @@ func TestTxnEndpoint_KV_Actions(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		}
 
+		// Do a read-only transaction that should get routed to the
+		// fast-path endpoint.
+		{
+			buf := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+[
+    {
+        "KV": {
+            "Verb": "get",
+            "Key": "key"
+        }
+    }
+]
+`, index)))
+			req, err := http.NewRequest("PUT", "/v1/txn", buf)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("err: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			obj, err := srv.Txn(resp, req)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("err: %v", err)
+			}
+			if resp.Code != 200 {
+				t.Fatalf("expected 200, got %d", resp.Code)
+			}
+
+			header := resp.Header().Get("X-Consul-KnownLeader")
+			if header != "true" {
+				t.Fatalf("bad: %v", header)
+			}
+			header = resp.Header().Get("X-Consul-LastContact")
+			if header != "0" {
+				t.Fatalf("bad: %v", header)
+			}
+
+			txnResp, ok := obj.(structs.TxnReadResponse)
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("bad type: %T", obj)
+			}
+			if len(txnResp.Results) != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("bad: %v", txnResp)
+			}
+			expected := structs.TxnReadResponse{
+				TxnResponse: structs.TxnResponse{
+					Results: structs.TxnResults{
+						&structs.TxnResult{
+							KV: &structs.DirEntry{
+								Key:       "key",
+								Value:     []byte("hello world"),
+								Flags:     23,
+								Session:   id,
+								LockIndex: 1,
+								RaftIndex: structs.RaftIndex{
+									CreateIndex: index,
+									ModifyIndex: index,
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				QueryMeta: structs.QueryMeta{
+					KnownLeader: true,
+				},
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(txnResp, expected) {
+				t.Fatalf("bad: %v", txnResp)
+			}
+		}
+
 		// Now that we have an index we can do a CAS to make sure the
 		// index field gets translated to the RPC format.
 		{

consul/fsm.go

@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ func (c *consulFSM) applyTxn(buf []byte, index uint64) interface{} {
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to decode request: %v", err))
 	}
 	defer metrics.MeasureSince([]string{"consul", "fsm", "txn"}, time.Now())
-	results, errors := c.state.TxnRun(index, req.Ops)
+	results, errors := c.state.TxnRW(index, req.Ops)
 	return structs.TxnResponse{results, errors}
 }
 

consul/state/txn.go

@@ -89,13 +89,8 @@ func (s *StateStore) txnKVS(tx *memdb.Txn, idx uint64, op *structs.TxnKVOp) (str
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-// TxnRun tries to run the given operations all inside a single transaction. If
+// txnDispatch runs the given operations inside the state store transaction.
-// any of the operations fail, the entire transaction will be rolled back.
+func (s *StateStore) txnDispatch(tx *memdb.Txn, idx uint64, ops structs.TxnOps) (structs.TxnResults, structs.TxnErrors) {
-func (s *StateStore) TxnRun(idx uint64, ops structs.TxnOps) (structs.TxnResults, structs.TxnErrors) {
-	tx := s.db.Txn(true)
-	defer tx.Abort()
-
-	// Dispatch all of the operations inside the transaction.
 	results := make(structs.TxnResults, 0, len(ops))
 	errors := make(structs.TxnErrors, 0, len(ops))
 	for i, op := range ops {
@@ -118,6 +113,23 @@ func (s *StateStore) TxnRun(idx uint64, ops structs.TxnOps) (structs.TxnResults,
 			errors = append(errors, &structs.TxnError{i, err.Error()})
 		}
 	}
+
+	if len(errors) > 0 {
+		return nil, errors
+	}
+
+	return results, nil
+}
+
+// TxnRW tries to run the given operations all inside a single transaction. If
+// any of the operations fail, the entire transaction will be rolled back. This
+// is done in a full write transaction on the state store, so reads and writes
+// are possible
+func (s *StateStore) TxnRW(idx uint64, ops structs.TxnOps) (structs.TxnResults, structs.TxnErrors) {
+	tx := s.db.Txn(true)
+	defer tx.Abort()
+
+	results, errors := s.txnDispatch(tx, idx, ops)
 	if len(errors) > 0 {
 		return nil, errors
 	}
@@ -125,3 +137,18 @@ func (s *StateStore) TxnRun(idx uint64, ops structs.TxnOps) (structs.TxnResults,
 	tx.Commit()
 	return results, nil
 }
+
+// TxnRO runs the given operations inside a single read transaction in the state
+// store. You must verify outside this function that no write operations are
+// present, otherwise you'll get an error from the state store.
+func (s *StateStore) TxnRO(ops structs.TxnOps) (structs.TxnResults, structs.TxnErrors) {
+	tx := s.db.Txn(false)
+	defer tx.Abort()
+
+	results, errors := s.txnDispatch(tx, 0, ops)
+	if len(errors) > 0 {
+		return nil, errors
+	}
+
+	return results, nil
+}

consul/state/txn_test.go

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 func TestStateStore_Txn_KVS(t *testing.T) {
 	s := testStateStore(t)
 
-	// Create kvs results in the state store.
+	// Create KV entries in the state store.
 	testSetKey(t, s, 1, "foo/delete", "bar")
 	testSetKey(t, s, 2, "foo/bar/baz", "baz")
 	testSetKey(t, s, 3, "foo/bar/zip", "zip")
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func TestStateStore_Txn_KVS(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	results, errors := s.TxnRun(8, ops)
+	results, errors := s.TxnRW(8, ops)
 	if len(errors) > 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("err: %v", errors)
 	}
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ func TestStateStore_Txn_KVS(t *testing.T) {
 func TestStateStore_Txn_KVS_Rollback(t *testing.T) {
 	s := testStateStore(t)
 
-	// Create kvs results in the state store.
+	// Create KV entries in the state store.
 	testSetKey(t, s, 1, "foo/delete", "bar")
 	testSetKey(t, s, 2, "foo/update", "stale")
 
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ func TestStateStore_Txn_KVS_Rollback(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	results, errors := s.TxnRun(7, ops)
+	results, errors := s.TxnRW(7, ops)
 	if len(errors) != len(ops) {
 		t.Fatalf("bad len: %d != %d", len(errors), len(ops))
 	}
@@ -513,6 +513,158 @@ func TestStateStore_Txn_KVS_Rollback(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestStateStore_Txn_KVS_RO(t *testing.T) {
+	s := testStateStore(t)
+
+	// Create KV entries in the state store.
+	testSetKey(t, s, 1, "foo", "bar")
+	testSetKey(t, s, 2, "foo/bar/baz", "baz")
+	testSetKey(t, s, 3, "foo/bar/zip", "zip")
+
+	// Set up a transaction that hits all the read-only operations.
+	ops := structs.TxnOps{
+		&structs.TxnOp{
+			KV: &structs.TxnKVOp{
+				Verb: structs.KVSGet,
+				DirEnt: structs.DirEntry{
+					Key: "foo",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		&structs.TxnOp{
+			KV: &structs.TxnKVOp{
+				Verb: structs.KVSCheckSession,
+				DirEnt: structs.DirEntry{
+					Key:     "foo/bar/baz",
+					Session: "",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		&structs.TxnOp{
+			KV: &structs.TxnKVOp{
+				Verb: structs.KVSCheckSession,
+				DirEnt: structs.DirEntry{
+					Key: "foo/bar/zip",
+					RaftIndex: structs.RaftIndex{
+						ModifyIndex: 3,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	results, errors := s.TxnRO(ops)
+	if len(errors) > 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("err: %v", errors)
+	}
+	if len(results) != len(ops) {
+		t.Fatalf("bad len: %d != %d", len(results), len(ops))
+	}
+
+	// Make sure the response looks as expected.
+	expected := structs.TxnResults{
+		&structs.TxnResult{
+			KV: &structs.DirEntry{
+				Key:   "foo",
+				Value: []byte("bar"),
+				RaftIndex: structs.RaftIndex{
+					CreateIndex: 1,
+					ModifyIndex: 1,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		&structs.TxnResult{
+			KV: &structs.DirEntry{
+				Key: "foo/bar/baz",
+				RaftIndex: structs.RaftIndex{
+					CreateIndex: 2,
+					ModifyIndex: 2,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		&structs.TxnResult{
+			KV: &structs.DirEntry{
+				Key: "foo/bar/zip",
+				RaftIndex: structs.RaftIndex{
+					CreateIndex: 3,
+					ModifyIndex: 3,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	if len(results) != len(expected) {
+		t.Fatalf("bad: %v", results)
+	}
+	for i, _ := range results {
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(results[i], expected[i]) {
+			t.Fatalf("bad %d", i)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStateStore_Txn_KVS_RO_Safety(t *testing.T) {
+	s := testStateStore(t)
+
+	// Create KV entries in the state store.
+	testSetKey(t, s, 1, "foo", "bar")
+	testSetKey(t, s, 2, "foo/bar/baz", "baz")
+	testSetKey(t, s, 3, "foo/bar/zip", "zip")
+
+	// Set up a transaction that hits all the read-only operations.
+	ops := structs.TxnOps{
+		&structs.TxnOp{
+			KV: &structs.TxnKVOp{
+				Verb: structs.KVSSet,
+				DirEnt: structs.DirEntry{
+					Key:   "foo",
+					Value: []byte("nope"),
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		&structs.TxnOp{
+			KV: &structs.TxnKVOp{
+				Verb: structs.KVSDelete,
+				DirEnt: structs.DirEntry{
+					Key: "foo/bar/baz",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		&structs.TxnOp{
+			KV: &structs.TxnKVOp{
+				Verb: structs.KVSDeleteTree,
+				DirEnt: structs.DirEntry{
+					Key: "foo/bar",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	results, errors := s.TxnRO(ops)
+	if len(results) > 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("bad: %v", results)
+	}
+	if len(errors) != len(ops) {
+		t.Fatalf("bad len: %d != %d", len(errors), len(ops))
+	}
+
+	// Make sure the errors look reasonable (tombstone inserts cause the
+	// insert errors during the delete operations).
+	expected := []string{
+		"cannot insert in read-only transaction",
+		"cannot insert in read-only transaction",
+		"cannot insert in read-only transaction",
+	}
+	if len(errors) != len(expected) {
+		t.Fatalf("bad len: %d != %d", len(errors), len(expected))
+	}
+	for i, msg := range expected {
+		if errors[i].OpIndex != i {
+			t.Fatalf("bad index: %d != %d", i, errors[i].OpIndex)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(errors[i].Error(), msg) {
+			t.Fatalf("bad %d: %v", i, errors[i].Error())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestStateStore_Txn_Watches(t *testing.T) {
 	s := testStateStore(t)
 
@@ -541,7 +693,7 @@ func TestStateStore_Txn_Watches(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 				},
 			}
-			results, errors := s.TxnRun(15, ops)
+			results, errors := s.TxnRW(15, ops)
 			if len(results) != len(ops) {
 				t.Fatalf("bad len: %d != %d", len(results), len(ops))
 			}
@@ -583,7 +735,7 @@ func TestStateStore_Txn_Watches(t *testing.T) {
 					},
 				},
 			}
-			results, errors := s.TxnRun(16, ops)
+			results, errors := s.TxnRW(16, ops)
 			if len(errors) != 1 {
 				t.Fatalf("bad len: %d != 1", len(errors))
 			}

consul/structs/structs.go

@@ -542,6 +542,17 @@ const (
 	KVSCheckIndex   = "check-index"   // Check the modify index of the key.
 )
 
+// IsWrite returns true if the given operation alters the state store.
+func (op KVSOp) IsWrite() bool {
+	switch op {
+	case KVSGet, KVSCheckSession, KVSCheckIndex:
+		return false
+
+	default:
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
 // KVSRequest is used to operate on the Key-Value store
 type KVSRequest struct {
 	Datacenter string

consul/structs/txn.go

@@ -36,6 +36,18 @@ func (r *TxnRequest) RequestDatacenter() string {
 	return r.Datacenter
 }
 
+// TxnReadRequest is used as a fast path for read-only transactions that don't
+// modify the state store.
+type TxnReadRequest struct {
+	Datacenter string
+	Ops        TxnOps
+	QueryOptions
+}
+
+func (r *TxnReadRequest) RequestDatacenter() string {
+	return r.Datacenter
+}
+
 // TxnError is used to return information about an error for a specific
 // operation.
 type TxnError struct {
@@ -65,3 +77,9 @@ type TxnResponse struct {
 	Results TxnResults
 	Errors  TxnErrors
 }
+
+// TxnReadResponse is the structure returned by a TxnReadRequest.
+type TxnReadResponse struct {
+	TxnResponse
+	QueryMeta
+}

consul/txn_endpoint.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/armon/go-metrics"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/consul/acl"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/consul/consul/structs"
 )
 
@@ -13,6 +14,27 @@ type Txn struct {
 	srv *Server
 }
 
+// preCheck is used to verify the incoming operations before any further
+// processing takes place. This checks things like ACLs.
+func (t *Txn) preCheck(acl acl.ACL, ops structs.TxnOps) structs.TxnErrors {
+	var errors structs.TxnErrors
+
+	// Perform the pre-apply checks for any KV operations.
+	for i, op := range ops {
+		if op.KV != nil {
+			ok, err := kvsPreApply(t.srv, acl, op.KV.Verb, &op.KV.DirEnt)
+			if err != nil {
+				errors = append(errors, &structs.TxnError{i, err.Error()})
+			} else if !ok {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("failed to lock key %q due to lock delay", op.KV.DirEnt.Key)
+				errors = append(errors, &structs.TxnError{i, err.Error()})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return errors
+}
+
 // Apply is used to apply multiple operations in a single, atomic transaction.
 func (t *Txn) Apply(args *structs.TxnRequest, reply *structs.TxnResponse) error {
 	if done, err := t.srv.forward("Txn.Apply", args, args, reply); done {
@@ -20,22 +42,12 @@ func (t *Txn) Apply(args *structs.TxnRequest, reply *structs.TxnResponse) error
 	}
 	defer metrics.MeasureSince([]string{"consul", "txn", "apply"}, time.Now())
 
-	// Perform the pre-apply checks for any KV operations.
+	// Run the pre-checks before we send the transaction into Raft.
 	acl, err := t.srv.resolveToken(args.Token)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	for i, op := range args.Ops {
+	reply.Errors = t.preCheck(acl, args.Ops)
-		if op.KV != nil {
-			ok, err := kvsPreApply(t.srv, acl, op.KV.Verb, &op.KV.DirEnt)
-			if err != nil {
-				reply.Errors = append(reply.Errors, &structs.TxnError{i, err.Error()})
-			} else if !ok {
-				err = fmt.Errorf("failed to lock key %q due to lock delay", op.KV.DirEnt.Key)
-				reply.Errors = append(reply.Errors, &structs.TxnError{i, err.Error()})
-			}
-		}
-	}
 	if len(reply.Errors) > 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -59,3 +71,37 @@ func (t *Txn) Apply(args *structs.TxnRequest, reply *structs.TxnResponse) error
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// Read is used to perform a read-only transaction that doesn't modify the state
+// store. This is much more scaleable since it doesn't go through Raft and
+// supports staleness, so this should be preferred if you're just performing
+// reads.
+func (t *Txn) Read(args *structs.TxnReadRequest, reply *structs.TxnReadResponse) error {
+	if done, err := t.srv.forward("Txn.Read", args, args, reply); done {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer metrics.MeasureSince([]string{"consul", "txn", "read"}, time.Now())
+
+	// We have to do this ourselves since we are not doing a blocking RPC.
+	t.srv.setQueryMeta(&reply.QueryMeta)
+	if args.RequireConsistent {
+		if err := t.srv.consistentRead(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Run the pre-checks before we perform the read.
+	acl, err := t.srv.resolveToken(args.Token)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	reply.Errors = t.preCheck(acl, args.Ops)
+	if len(reply.Errors) > 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Run the read transaction.
+	state := t.srv.fsm.State()
+	reply.Results, reply.Errors = state.TxnRO(args.Ops)
+	return nil
+}

consul/txn_endpoint_test.go

@@ -216,7 +216,9 @@ func TestTxn_Apply_ACLDeny(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 		},
-		WriteRequest: structs.WriteRequest{Token: id},
+		WriteRequest: structs.WriteRequest{
+			Token: id,
+		},
 	}
 	var out structs.TxnResponse
 	if err := msgpackrpc.CallWithCodec(codec, "Txn.Apply", &arg, &out); err != nil {
@@ -232,6 +234,7 @@ func TestTxn_Apply_ACLDeny(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("bad %v", out)
 	}
 }
+
 func TestTxn_Apply_LockDelay(t *testing.T) {
 	dir1, s1 := testServer(t)
 	defer os.RemoveAll(dir1)
@@ -316,3 +319,152 @@ func TestTxn_Apply_LockDelay(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestTxn_Read(t *testing.T) {
+	dir1, s1 := testServer(t)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir1)
+	defer s1.Shutdown()
+	codec := rpcClient(t, s1)
+	defer codec.Close()
+
+	testutil.WaitForLeader(t, s1.RPC, "dc1")
+
+	// Put in a key to read back.
+	state := s1.fsm.State()
+	d := &structs.DirEntry{
+		Key:   "test",
+		Value: []byte("hello"),
+	}
+	if err := state.KVSSet(1, d); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Do a super basic request. The state store test covers the details so
+	// we just need to be sure that the transaction is sent correctly and
+	// the results are converted appropriately.
+	arg := structs.TxnReadRequest{
+		Datacenter: "dc1",
+		Ops: structs.TxnOps{
+			&structs.TxnOp{
+				KV: &structs.TxnKVOp{
+					Verb: structs.KVSGet,
+					DirEnt: structs.DirEntry{
+						Key: "test",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	var out structs.TxnReadResponse
+	if err := msgpackrpc.CallWithCodec(codec, "Txn.Read", &arg, &out); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify the transaction's return value.
+	expected := structs.TxnReadResponse{
+		TxnResponse: structs.TxnResponse{
+			Results: structs.TxnResults{
+				&structs.TxnResult{
+					KV: &structs.DirEntry{
+						Key:   "test",
+						Value: []byte("hello"),
+						RaftIndex: structs.RaftIndex{
+							CreateIndex: 1,
+							ModifyIndex: 1,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		QueryMeta: structs.QueryMeta{
+			KnownLeader: true,
+		},
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(out, expected) {
+		t.Fatalf("bad %v", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTxn_Read_ACLDeny(t *testing.T) {
+	dir1, s1 := testServerWithConfig(t, func(c *Config) {
+		c.ACLDatacenter = "dc1"
+		c.ACLMasterToken = "root"
+		c.ACLDefaultPolicy = "deny"
+	})
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir1)
+	defer s1.Shutdown()
+	codec := rpcClient(t, s1)
+	defer codec.Close()
+
+	testutil.WaitForLeader(t, s1.RPC, "dc1")
+
+	// Create the ACL.
+	var id string
+	{
+		arg := structs.ACLRequest{
+			Datacenter: "dc1",
+			Op:         structs.ACLSet,
+			ACL: structs.ACL{
+				Name:  "User token",
+				Type:  structs.ACLTypeClient,
+				Rules: testListRules,
+			},
+			WriteRequest: structs.WriteRequest{Token: "root"},
+		}
+		if err := msgpackrpc.CallWithCodec(codec, "ACL.Apply", &arg, &id); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("err: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Set up a transaction where every operation should get blocked due to
+	// ACLs.
+	arg := structs.TxnReadRequest{
+		Datacenter: "dc1",
+		Ops: structs.TxnOps{
+			&structs.TxnOp{
+				KV: &structs.TxnKVOp{
+					Verb: structs.KVSGet,
+					DirEnt: structs.DirEntry{
+						Key: "nope",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			&structs.TxnOp{
+				KV: &structs.TxnKVOp{
+					Verb: structs.KVSCheckSession,
+					DirEnt: structs.DirEntry{
+						Key: "nope",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			&structs.TxnOp{
+				KV: &structs.TxnKVOp{
+					Verb: structs.KVSCheckIndex,
+					DirEnt: structs.DirEntry{
+						Key: "nope",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		QueryOptions: structs.QueryOptions{
+			Token: id,
+		},
+	}
+	var out structs.TxnReadResponse
+	if err := msgpackrpc.CallWithCodec(codec, "Txn.Read", &arg, &out); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify the transaction's return value.
+	expected := structs.TxnReadResponse{
+		QueryMeta: structs.QueryMeta{
+			KnownLeader: true,
+		},
+	}
+	for i, _ := range arg.Ops {
+		expected.Errors = append(expected.Errors, &structs.TxnError{i, permissionDeniedErr.Error()})
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(out, expected) {
+		t.Fatalf("bad %v", out)
+	}
+}

website/source/docs/agent/http/kv.html.markdown

@@ -170,6 +170,17 @@ The `PUT` method lets you submit a list of operations to apply to the key/value
 inside a transaction. If any operation fails, the transaction will be rolled back and
 none of the changes will be applied.
 
+If the transaction doesn't contain any write operations then it will be fast-pathed
+internally to an endpoint that works like other reads, except that blocking queries
+are not currently supported. In this mode, you may supply the "?stale" or "?consistent"
+query parameters with the request to control consistency. To support bounding the
+acceptable staleness of data, read-only transaction responses provide the `X-Consul-LastContact`
+header containing the time in milliseconds that a server was last contacted by the leader node.
+The `X-Consul-KnownLeader` header also indicates if there is a known leader. These
+won't be present if the transaction contains any write operations, and any consistency
+query parameters will be ignored, since writes are always managed by the leader via
+the Raft consensus protocol.
+
 The body of the request should be a list of operations to perform inside the atomic
 transaction, which looks like this: