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Add some autopilot docs and update the changelog (#9139)

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.changelog/9103.txt Normal file
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```release-note:bug
autopilot: **(Enterprise Only)** Previously servers in other zones would not be promoted when all servers in a second zone had failed. Now the actual behavior matches the docs and autopilot will promote a healthy non-voter from any zone to replace failure of an entire zone.
```
```release-note:feature
autopilot: A new `/v1/operator/autopilot/state` HTTP API was created to give greater visibility into what autopilot is doing and how it has classified all the servers it is tracking.
```
```release-note:improvement
autopilot: **(Enterprise Only)** Autopilot now supports using both Redundancy Zones and Automated Upgrades together.
```
```release-note:breaking-change
raft: Raft protocol v3 is no longer supported. If currently using protocol v2 then an intermediate upgrade to a version supporting both protocols will be necessary (1.0.0 - 1.8.x)
```

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website/pages/api-docs/operator/autopilot.mdx
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The HTTP status code will indicate the health of the cluster. If `Healthy` is true, then a
status of 200 will be returned. If `Healthy` is false, then a status of 429 will be returned.
## Read the Autopilot State
This endpoint queries the health of the autopilot status.
| Method | Path | Produces |
| ------ | ---------------------------- | ------------------ |
| `GET` | `/operator/autopilot/state` | `application/json` |
The table below shows this endpoint's support for
[blocking queries](/api/features/blocking),
[consistency modes](/api/features/consistency),
[agent caching](/api/features/caching), and
[required ACLs](/api#authentication).
| Blocking Queries | Consistency Modes | Agent Caching | ACL Required |
| ---------------- | ----------------- | ------------- | --------------- |
| `NO` | `none` | `none` | `operator:read` |
### Parameters
- `dc` `(string: "")` - Specifies the datacenter to query. This will default to
the datacenter of the agent being queried. This is specified as part of the
URL as a query string.
### Sample Request
```shell-session
$ curl \
http://127.0.0.1:8500/v1/operator/autopilot/state
```
### Response Format
```json
{
"Healthy": true,
"FailureTolerance": 1,
"OptimisticFailureTolerance": 4,
"Servers": {
"5e26a3af-f4fc-4104-a8bb-4da9f19cb278": {},
"10b71f14-4b08-4ae5-840c-f86d39e7d330": {},
"1fd52e5e-2f72-47d3-8cfc-2af760a0c8c2": {},
"63783741-abd7-48a9-895a-33d01bf7cb30": {},
"6cf04fd0-7582-474f-b408-a830b5471285": {}
},
"Leader": "5e26a3af-f4fc-4104-a8bb-4da9f19cb278",
"Voters": [
"5e26a3af-f4fc-4104-a8bb-4da9f19cb278",
"10b71f14-4b08-4ae5-840c-f86d39e7d330",
"1fd52e5e-2f72-47d3-8cfc-2af760a0c8c2"
],
"RedundancyZones": {
"az1": {},
"az2": {},
"az3": {}
},
"ReadReplicas": [
"63783741-abd7-48a9-895a-33d01bf7cb30",
"6cf04fd0-7582-474f-b408-a830b5471285"
],
"Upgrade": {}
}
```
- `Healthy` is whether all the servers are currently healthy.
- `FailureTolerance` is the number of redundant healthy servers that could be
fail without causing an outage (this would be 2 in a healthy cluster of 5
servers).
- `OptimisticFailuretolerance` <EnterpriseAlert inline /> is the maximum number
of servers that could fail in the right order over the right period of time
without causing an outage. This value is only useful when using the [Redundancy
Zones feature](/docs/enterprise/redundancy) with autopilot.
- `Servers` is a mapping of server ID to an object holding detailed information about that server.
The format of the detailed info is documented in its own section.
- `Leader` is the server ID of current leader. This value can be used as an index into the `Servers` object.
- `Voters` is a list of server IDs that are voters. These values can be used as indexes into the `Servers` object.
- `RedundancyZones` <EnterpriseAlert inline /> is mapping of redundancy zone name to redundancy zone information.
The format of the redundancy zone information is documented in its own section.
- `ReadReplicas` <EnterpriseAlert inline /> is a list of server IDs that autopilot has identified as read replicas.
These will never be promoted. These values can be used as indexes into the `Servers` map.
- `Upgrade` <EnterpriseAlert inline /> is an object holding all the information about any ongoing automated upgrade.
The format of this object is detailed in its own section.
### Server Response Format
```json
{
"ID": "1c3e3278-3f88-4a97-9f6a-1058584e8058",
"Name": "node1",
"Address": "198.18.0.1:8300",
"NodeStatus": "alive",
"Version": "1.9.0+ent",
"LastContact": "1.321ms",
"LastTerm": 4,
"LastIndex": 42,
"Healthy": true,
"StableSince": "2020-08-12T12:13:14Z",
"RedundancyZone": "az1",
"UpgradeVersion": "1.2.3",
"ReadReplica": false,
"Status": "voter",
"Meta": {
"build": "1.2.3",
"zone": "az1"
},
"NodeType": "redundancy-zone-voter"
}
```
- `ID` is the Raft ID of the server.
- `Name` is the node name of the server.
- `Address` is the address of the server.
- `NodeStatus` is the SerfHealth check status for the server.
- `Version` is the Consul version of the server.
- `LastContact` is the time elapsed since this server's last contact with the leader.
- `LastTerm` is the server's last known Raft leader term.
- `LastIndex` is the index of the server's last committed Raft log entry.
- `Healthy` is whether the server is healthy according to the current Autopilot configuration.
- `StableSince` is the time this server has been in its current `Healthy` state.
- `RedundancyZone` <EnterpriseAlert inline /> is the name of the redundancy zone this server is within.
- `UpgradeVersion` <EnterpriseAlert inline /> is the version that will be used for automated upgrade calculations.
- `ReadReplica` <EnterpriseAlert inline /> indicates whether this server is a read replica or not.
- `Status` indicates the current Raft status of this server. Possible values are:
`leader`, `voter`, `non-voter`, or `staging`.
- `Meta` is the node metadata of this server. Values within this map are used for determining a server's
redundancy zone and upgrade version.
- `NodeType` is the desired type autopilot thinks this server should have. In Consul OSS the only possible
value is `voter` as all present servers should having voting rights. In Consul Enterprise the possible values also
include `read-replica`, `zone-voter`, `zone-standby` and `zone-extra-voter`. `zone-voter` indicates that autopilot
wants this server to be the voter for a particular redundancy zone. When a zone has no voter all nodes will be typed
as this until one is promoted. When that happens the other non-voters in the zone will be typed as `zone-standby`.
This indicates that they are currently desired to be standby servers in case the voter from the zone fails. Finally,
the `zone-extra-voter` status indicates that autopilot wants this server to be a voter due to a failure of all servers
in another zone and that when one of the servers in that failed zone are restored, this server will be demoted.
### Redundancy Zone Response Format <EnterpriseAlert inline />
```json
{
"Servers": [
"10b71f14-4b08-4ae5-840c-f86d39e7d330",
"b007061c-6d15-4c90-b3d6-2fef276a0650"
],
"Voters": [
"b007061c-6d15-4c90-b3d6-2fef276a0650"
],
"FailureTolerance": 1,
}
```
Each zone in the responses `RedundancyZones` mapping will have this structure.
- `Servers` is a list of server IDs of all the servers in this zone. These values can be used as indexes
into the top level response's `Servers` mapping.
- `Voters` is a list of server IDs of all servers in this zone that have voting rights. Typically this will
be a list with 1 value but in some failure scenarios or upgrade scenarios the size could increase. These
values can be used as indexes into the top level response's `Servers` mapping.
- `FailureTolerance` is the number of servers in this zone that could fail without causing a total zone failure
and subsequent promotion of a server from another zone as a fallback.
### Upgrade Information Response Format <Enterprise Alert inline />
```json
{
"Status": "awaiting-new-servers",
"TargetVersion": "1.9.1+ent",
"TargetVersionVoters": [
"f0344689-3e1f-4125-b55d-e888d3abf514"
],
"TargetVersionNonVoters": [
"619a4ba6-1a0b-476e-8a1a-28aeee7735a2",
"fd683fe6-541f-4ebf-bc5a-6eae51571ddb"
],
"TargetVersionReadReplicas": [
"9f1e27ae-1129-45ef-97dd-6d8c3ec47e6a"
],
"OtherVersionVoters": [
"0cbdd493-235f-48f2-98d9-1bf2443b9d72",
"21812bd7-2f21-4565-9892-2fdd3d4e1a99",
"c654ba5c-cc76-4056-a5ca-6e78d95f27ad"
],
"OtherVersionNonVoters": [
"6d973f11-6bdb-4f7d-8a90-c1300066da4c",
"6241ab45-371e-4b2a-a0f1-d847c3b7b1b0"
],
"OtherVersionReadReplicas": [
"42d10fc3-581b-4403-832d-945b3a0d8841"
],
}
```
- `Status` is the automated upgrade status. Possible values are:
- `disabled` indicates that automated upgrades are disabled either from user configuration or due to being unlicensed.
- `idle` indicates that there is no ongoing upgrade and that all servers are running the same Consul version.
- `await-new-voters` indicates that a newer versioned server has been added but that autopilot is waiting for more servers
of that version to be added before proceeding with the upgrade.
- `promoting` indicates that enough servers of the target version have been added and autopilot will now promote them
to voters.
- `demoting` indicates that autopilot is currently demoting the servers not running the target version.
- `leader-transfer` indicates that autopilot is in the process of transferring leadership to a server running
the target version.
- `await-new-servers` indicates that the majority of the upgrade is complete but that more servers running the target
version need to be added to completely replace all of the previous servers.
- `await-server-removal` indicates that the upgrade is complete and it is now safe to remove the previous servers.
- `TargetVersion` is the version that Autopilot is upgrading to. This will be the maximum version of all servers
`UpgradeVersion` field in the top level `Servers` mapping.
- `TargetVersionVoters` is a list of IDs of servers running the target version and that currently have voting rights.
- `TargetVersionNonVoters` is a list of IDs of servers running the target version and that currently do not have voting rights.
- `TargetVersionReadReplicas` is a list of IDs of servers running the target version and are read replicas.
- `OtherVersionVoters` is a list of IDs of servers not running the target version and that currently have voting rights.
- `OtherVersionNonVoters` is a list of IDs of servers not running the target version and that currently do not have voting rights.
- `OtherVersionReadReplicas` is a list of IDs of servers not running the target version and are read replicas.