Add server certificate manager

This certificate manager will request a leaf certificate for server
agents and then keep them up to date.
This commit is contained in:
freddygv 2022-09-09 13:06:48 -06:00
parent 13dc01c553
commit 0c3853a2d0
11 changed files with 675 additions and 18 deletions

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@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import (
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/checks"
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/config"
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/consul"
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/consul/servercert"
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/dns"
external "github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/grpc-external"
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/local"
@ -353,6 +354,9 @@ type Agent struct {
// based on the current consul configuration.
tlsConfigurator *tlsutil.Configurator
// certManager manages the lifecycle of the internally-managed server certificate.
certManager *servercert.CertManager
// httpConnLimiter is used to limit connections to the HTTP server by client
// IP.
httpConnLimiter connlimit.Limiter
@ -583,6 +587,24 @@ func (a *Agent) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
return fmt.Errorf("Failed to start Consul server: %v", err)
}
a.delegate = server
if a.config.PeeringEnabled && a.config.ConnectEnabled {
d := servercert.Deps{
Logger: a.logger.Named("server.cert-manager"),
Config: servercert.Config{
Datacenter: a.config.Datacenter,
ACLsEnabled: a.config.ACLsEnabled,
},
Cache: a.cache,
GetStore: func() servercert.Store { return server.FSM().State() },
TLSConfigurator: a.tlsConfigurator,
}
a.certManager = servercert.NewCertManager(d)
if err := a.certManager.Start(&lib.StopChannelContext{StopCh: a.shutdownCh}); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to start server cert manager: %w", err)
}
}
} else {
client, err := consul.NewClient(consulCfg, a.baseDeps.Deps)
if err != nil {

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@ -5984,6 +5984,71 @@ func TestAgent_startListeners(t *testing.T) {
}
func TestAgent_ServerCertificate(t *testing.T) {
if testing.Short() {
t.Skip("too slow for testing.Short")
}
const expectURI = "spiffe://11111111-2222-3333-4444-555555555555.consul/agent/server/dc/dc1"
// Leader should acquire a sever cert after bootstrapping.
a1 := NewTestAgent(t, `
node_name = "a1"
acl {
enabled = true
tokens {
initial_management = "root"
default = "root"
}
}
connect {
enabled = true
}
peering {
enabled = true
}`)
defer a1.Shutdown()
testrpc.WaitForTestAgent(t, a1.RPC, "dc1")
retry.Run(t, func(r *retry.R) {
cert := a1.tlsConfigurator.AutoEncryptCert()
require.NotNil(r, cert)
require.Len(r, cert.URIs, 1)
require.Equal(r, expectURI, cert.URIs[0].String())
})
// Join a follower, and it should be able to acquire a server cert as well.
a2 := NewTestAgent(t, `
node_name = "a2"
bootstrap = false
acl {
enabled = true
tokens {
initial_management = "root"
default = "root"
}
}
connect {
enabled = true
}
peering {
enabled = true
}`)
defer a2.Shutdown()
_, err := a2.JoinLAN([]string{fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", a1.Config.SerfPortLAN)}, nil)
require.NoError(t, err)
testrpc.WaitForTestAgent(t, a2.RPC, "dc1")
retry.Run(t, func(r *retry.R) {
cert := a2.tlsConfigurator.AutoEncryptCert()
require.NotNil(r, cert)
require.Len(r, cert.URIs, 1)
require.Equal(r, expectURI, cert.URIs[0].String())
})
}
func getExpectedCaPoolByFile(t *testing.T) *x509.CertPool {
pool := x509.NewCertPool()
data, err := ioutil.ReadFile("../test/ca/root.cer")

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@ -688,19 +688,21 @@ func (c *ConnectCALeaf) generateNewLeaf(req *ConnectCALeafRequest,
// since this is only used for cache-related requests and not forwarded
// directly to any Consul servers.
type ConnectCALeafRequest struct {
Token string
Datacenter string
Service string // Service name, not ID
Agent string // Agent name, not ID
Kind structs.ServiceKind // only mesh-gateway for now
Server bool
DNSSAN []string
IPSAN []net.IP
MinQueryIndex uint64
MaxQueryTime time.Duration
Token string
Datacenter string
DNSSAN []string
IPSAN []net.IP
MinQueryIndex uint64
MaxQueryTime time.Duration
acl.EnterpriseMeta
MustRevalidate bool
acl.EnterpriseMeta
// The following flags indicate the entity we are requesting a cert for.
// Only one of these must be specified.
Service string // Given a Service name, not ID, the request is for a SpiffeIDService.
Agent string // Given an Agent name, not ID, the request is for a SpiffeIDAgent.
Kind structs.ServiceKind // Given "mesh-gateway", the request is for a SpiffeIDMeshGateway. No other kinds supported.
Server bool // If true, the request is for a SpiffeIDServer.
}
func (r *ConnectCALeafRequest) Key() string {

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@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ type serverACLResolverBackend struct {
}
func (s *serverACLResolverBackend) IsServerManagementToken(token string) bool {
mgmt, err := s.getSystemMetadata(structs.ServerManagementToken)
mgmt, err := s.getSystemMetadata(structs.ServerManagementTokenAccessorID)
if err != nil {
s.logger.Debug("failed to fetch server management token: %w", err)
return false

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@ -2209,7 +2209,7 @@ func TestACLResolver_ServerManagementToken(t *testing.T) {
authz, err := r.ResolveToken(testToken)
require.NoError(t, err)
require.NotNil(t, authz.ACLIdentity)
require.Equal(t, structs.ServerManagementToken, authz.ACLIdentity.ID())
require.Equal(t, structs.ServerManagementTokenAccessorID, authz.ACLIdentity.ID())
require.NotNil(t, authz.Authorizer)
require.Equal(t, acl.ManageAll(), authz.Authorizer)
}

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@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ func (s *Server) initializeACLs(ctx context.Context) error {
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate the secret ID for the server management token: %w", err)
}
if err := s.setSystemMetadataKey(structs.ServerManagementToken, secretID); err != nil {
if err := s.setSystemMetadataKey(structs.ServerManagementTokenAccessorID, secretID); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to persist server management token: %w", err)
}

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@ -1297,7 +1297,7 @@ func TestLeader_ACL_Initialization(t *testing.T) {
require.NoError(t, err)
require.NotNil(t, policy)
serverToken, err := s1.getSystemMetadata(structs.ServerManagementToken)
serverToken, err := s1.getSystemMetadata(structs.ServerManagementTokenAccessorID)
require.NoError(t, err)
require.NotEmpty(t, serverToken)

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@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
package servercert
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"time"
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/cache"
cachetype "github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/cache-types"
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/connect"
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/structs"
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/lib/retry"
"github.com/hashicorp/go-hclog"
"github.com/hashicorp/go-memdb"
)
// Correlation ID for leaf cert watches.
const leafWatchID = "leaf"
// Cache is an interface to represent the necessary methods of the agent/cache.Cache.
// It is used to request and renew the server leaf certificate.
type Cache interface {
Notify(ctx context.Context, t string, r cache.Request, correlationID string, ch chan<- cache.UpdateEvent) error
}
// TLSConfigurator is an interface to represent the necessary methods of the tlsutil.Configurator.
// It is used to apply the server leaf certificate and server name.
type TLSConfigurator interface {
UpdateAutoTLSCert(pub, priv string) error
UpdateAutoTLSPeeringServerName(name string)
}
// Store is an interface to represent the necessary methods of the state.Store.
// It is used to fetch the CA Config to getStore the trust domain in the TLSConfigurator.
type Store interface {
CAConfig(ws memdb.WatchSet) (uint64, *structs.CAConfiguration, error)
SystemMetadataGet(ws memdb.WatchSet, key string) (uint64, *structs.SystemMetadataEntry, error)
AbandonCh() <-chan struct{}
}
type Config struct {
// Datacenter is the datacenter name the server is configured with.
Datacenter string
// ACLsEnabled indicates whether the ACL system is enabled on this server.
ACLsEnabled bool
}
type Deps struct {
Config Config
Logger hclog.Logger
Cache Cache
GetStore func() Store
TLSConfigurator TLSConfigurator
waiter retry.Waiter
}
// CertManager is responsible for requesting and renewing the leaf cert for server agents.
// The server certificate is managed internally and used for peering control-plane traffic
// to the TLS-enabled external gRPC port.
type CertManager struct {
logger hclog.Logger
// config contains agent configuration necessary for the cert manager to operate.
config Config
// cache provides an API to issue internal RPC requests and receive notifications
// when there are changes.
cache Cache
// cacheUpdateCh receives notifications of cache update events for resources watched.
cacheUpdateCh chan cache.UpdateEvent
// getStore returns the server state getStore for read-only access.
getStore func() Store
// tlsConfigurator receives the leaf cert and peering server name updates from the cert manager.
tlsConfigurator TLSConfigurator
// waiter contains the waiter for exponential backoff between retries.
waiter retry.Waiter
}
func NewCertManager(deps Deps) *CertManager {
return &CertManager{
config: deps.Config,
logger: deps.Logger,
cache: deps.Cache,
cacheUpdateCh: make(chan cache.UpdateEvent, 1),
getStore: deps.GetStore,
tlsConfigurator: deps.TLSConfigurator,
waiter: retry.Waiter{
MinFailures: 1,
MinWait: 1 * time.Second,
MaxWait: 5 * time.Minute,
Jitter: retry.NewJitter(20),
},
}
}
func (m *CertManager) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
if err := m.initializeWatches(ctx); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to set up certificate watches: %w", err)
}
go m.handleUpdates(ctx)
m.logger.Info("initialized server certificate management")
return nil
}
func (m *CertManager) initializeWatches(ctx context.Context) error {
if m.config.ACLsEnabled {
// If ACLs are enabled we need to watch for server token updates and set/reset
// leaf cert updates as token updates arrive.
go m.watchServerToken(ctx)
} else {
// If ACLs are disabled we set up a single cache notification for leaf certs.
if err := m.watchLeafCert(ctx); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to watch leaf: %w", err)
}
}
go m.watchCAConfig(ctx)
return nil
}
func (m *CertManager) watchServerToken(ctx context.Context) {
// We keep the last iteration's cancel function to reset watches.
var (
notifyCtx context.Context
cancel context.CancelFunc = func() {}
)
retryLoopBackoff(ctx, m.waiter, func() error {
ws := memdb.NewWatchSet()
ws.Add(m.getStore().AbandonCh())
_, token, err := m.getStore().SystemMetadataGet(ws, structs.ServerManagementTokenAccessorID)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if token == nil {
m.logger.Debug("ACLs have not finished initializing")
return nil
}
if token.Value == "" {
// This should never happen. If the leader stored a token with this key it will not be empty.
return fmt.Errorf("empty token")
}
m.logger.Debug("server management token watch fired - resetting leaf cert watch")
// Cancel existing the leaf cert watch and spin up new one any time the server token changes.
// The watch needs the current token as set by the leader since certificate signing requests go to the leader.
fmt.Println("canceling and resetting")
cancel()
notifyCtx, cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
req := cachetype.ConnectCALeafRequest{
Datacenter: m.config.Datacenter,
Token: token.Value,
Server: true,
}
if err := m.cache.Notify(notifyCtx, cachetype.ConnectCALeafName, &req, leafWatchID, m.cacheUpdateCh); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to setup leaf cert notifications: %w", err)
}
ws.WatchCtx(ctx)
return nil
}, func(err error) {
m.logger.Error("failed to watch server management token", "error", err)
})
}
func (m *CertManager) watchLeafCert(ctx context.Context) error {
req := cachetype.ConnectCALeafRequest{
Datacenter: m.config.Datacenter,
Server: true,
}
if err := m.cache.Notify(ctx, cachetype.ConnectCALeafName, &req, leafWatchID, m.cacheUpdateCh); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to setup leaf cert notifications: %w", err)
}
return nil
}
func (m *CertManager) watchCAConfig(ctx context.Context) {
retryLoopBackoff(ctx, m.waiter, func() error {
ws := memdb.NewWatchSet()
ws.Add(m.getStore().AbandonCh())
_, conf, err := m.getStore().CAConfig(ws)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch CA configuration from the state getStore: %w", err)
}
if conf == nil || conf.ClusterID == "" {
m.logger.Debug("CA has not finished initializing")
return nil
}
id := connect.SpiffeIDSigningForCluster(conf.ClusterID)
name := connect.PeeringServerSAN(m.config.Datacenter, id.Host())
m.logger.Debug("CA config watch fired - updating auto TLS server name", "name", name)
m.tlsConfigurator.UpdateAutoTLSPeeringServerName(name)
ws.WatchCtx(ctx)
return nil
}, func(err error) {
m.logger.Error("failed to watch CA config", "error", err)
})
}
func retryLoopBackoff(ctx context.Context, waiter retry.Waiter, loopFn func() error, errorFn func(error)) {
for {
if err := waiter.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
// The error will only be non-nil if the context is canceled.
return
}
if err := loopFn(); err != nil {
errorFn(err)
continue
}
// Reset the failure count seen by the waiter if there was no error.
waiter.Reset()
}
}
func (m *CertManager) handleUpdates(ctx context.Context) {
for {
select {
case <-ctx.Done():
m.logger.Debug("context canceled")
return
case event := <-m.cacheUpdateCh:
m.logger.Debug("got cache update event", "correlationID", event.CorrelationID, "error", event.Err)
if err := m.handleLeafUpdate(event); err != nil {
m.logger.Error("failed to handle cache update event", "error", err)
}
}
}
}
func (m *CertManager) handleLeafUpdate(event cache.UpdateEvent) error {
if event.Err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("leaf cert watch returned an error: %w", event.Err)
}
if event.CorrelationID != leafWatchID {
return fmt.Errorf("got unexpected update correlation ID %q while expecting %q", event.CorrelationID, leafWatchID)
}
leaf, ok := event.Result.(*structs.IssuedCert)
if !ok {
return fmt.Errorf("got invalid type in leaf cert watch response: %T", event.Result)
}
m.logger.Debug("leaf certificate watch fired - updating auto TLS certificate", "uri", leaf.ServerURI)
if err := m.tlsConfigurator.UpdateAutoTLSCert(leaf.CertPEM, leaf.PrivateKeyPEM); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to getStore the server leaf cert: %w", err)
}
return nil
}

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@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
package servercert
import (
"context"
"testing"
"time"
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/cache"
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/connect"
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/structs"
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/lib/retry"
"github.com/hashicorp/consul/sdk/testutil"
"github.com/hashicorp/go-memdb"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
)
type fakeStore struct {
// conf is the current CA configuration stored in the fakeStore.
conf chan *structs.CAConfiguration
// tokenEntry is the current server token entry stored in the fakeStore.
tokenEntry chan *structs.SystemMetadataEntry
// tokenCanceler will unblock the WatchSet for the token entry.
tokenCanceler <-chan struct{}
}
func (s *fakeStore) CAConfig(_ memdb.WatchSet) (uint64, *structs.CAConfiguration, error) {
select {
case conf := <-s.conf:
return 0, conf, nil
default:
return 0, nil, nil
}
}
func (s *fakeStore) setCAConfig() {
s.conf <- &structs.CAConfiguration{
ClusterID: connect.TestClusterID,
}
}
func (s *fakeStore) SystemMetadataGet(ws memdb.WatchSet, _ string) (uint64, *structs.SystemMetadataEntry, error) {
select {
case entry := <-s.tokenEntry:
ws.Add(s.tokenCanceler)
return 0, entry, nil
default:
return 0, nil, nil
}
}
func (s *fakeStore) setServerToken(token string, canceler <-chan struct{}) {
s.tokenCanceler = canceler
s.tokenEntry <- &structs.SystemMetadataEntry{
Key: structs.ServerManagementTokenAccessorID,
Value: token,
}
}
func (s *fakeStore) AbandonCh() <-chan struct{} {
return make(<-chan struct{})
}
type testCert struct {
pub string
priv string
}
type fakeTLSConfigurator struct {
cert testCert
peeringServerName string
// syncCh is used to signal that an update was handled.
// It synchronizes readers and writers in different goroutines.
syncCh chan struct{}
}
func (u *fakeTLSConfigurator) UpdateAutoTLSCert(pub, priv string) error {
u.cert = testCert{
pub: pub,
priv: priv,
}
u.syncCh <- struct{}{}
return nil
}
func (u *fakeTLSConfigurator) UpdateAutoTLSPeeringServerName(name string) {
u.peeringServerName = name
u.syncCh <- struct{}{}
}
func (u *fakeTLSConfigurator) timeoutIfNotUpdated(t *testing.T) error {
t.Helper()
select {
case <-u.syncCh:
case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
t.Fatalf("timed out")
}
return nil
}
type watchInfo struct {
ctx context.Context
token string
}
type fakeCache struct {
updateCh chan<- cache.UpdateEvent
// watched is a map of watched correlation IDs to the ACL token of the request.
watched map[string]watchInfo
// syncCh is used to signal that Notify was called.
// It synchronizes readers and writers in different goroutines.
syncCh chan struct{}
}
func (c *fakeCache) triggerLeafUpdate() {
c.updateCh <- cache.UpdateEvent{
CorrelationID: leafWatchID,
Result: &structs.IssuedCert{
CertPEM: "cert-pem",
PrivateKeyPEM: "key-pem",
ServerURI: "test-uri",
},
}
}
func (c *fakeCache) Notify(ctx context.Context, t string, r cache.Request, correlationID string, ch chan<- cache.UpdateEvent) error {
c.watched[correlationID] = watchInfo{ctx: ctx, token: r.CacheInfo().Token}
c.updateCh = ch
c.syncCh <- struct{}{}
return nil
}
func (c *fakeCache) timeoutIfNotUpdated(t *testing.T) error {
t.Helper()
select {
case <-c.syncCh:
case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
t.Fatalf("timed out")
}
return nil
}
func testWaiter() retry.Waiter {
return retry.Waiter{
MinFailures: 1,
MinWait: 20 * time.Millisecond,
MaxWait: 20 * time.Millisecond,
}
}
func TestCertManager_ACLsDisabled(t *testing.T) {
tlsConfigurator := fakeTLSConfigurator{syncCh: make(chan struct{}, 1)}
cache := fakeCache{watched: make(map[string]watchInfo), syncCh: make(chan struct{}, 1)}
store := fakeStore{
conf: make(chan *structs.CAConfiguration, 1),
tokenEntry: make(chan *structs.SystemMetadataEntry, 1),
}
mgr := NewCertManager(Deps{
Logger: testutil.Logger(t),
Config: Config{
Datacenter: "my-dc",
ACLsEnabled: false,
},
TLSConfigurator: &tlsConfigurator,
Cache: &cache,
GetStore: func() Store { return &store },
})
// Override the default waiter to reduce time between retries.
mgr.waiter = testWaiter()
require.NoError(t, mgr.Start(context.Background()))
testutil.RunStep(t, "initial empty state", func(t *testing.T) {
require.Empty(t, tlsConfigurator.cert)
require.Empty(t, tlsConfigurator.peeringServerName)
require.Contains(t, cache.watched, leafWatchID)
})
testutil.RunStep(t, "leaf cert update", func(t *testing.T) {
cache.triggerLeafUpdate()
// Wait for the update to arrive.
require.NoError(t, tlsConfigurator.timeoutIfNotUpdated(t))
expect := testCert{
pub: "cert-pem",
priv: "key-pem",
}
require.Equal(t, expect, tlsConfigurator.cert)
})
testutil.RunStep(t, "ca config update", func(t *testing.T) {
store.setCAConfig()
// Wait for the update to arrive.
require.NoError(t, tlsConfigurator.timeoutIfNotUpdated(t))
expect := connect.PeeringServerSAN(mgr.config.Datacenter, connect.TestTrustDomain)
require.Equal(t, expect, tlsConfigurator.peeringServerName)
})
}
func TestCertManager_ACLsEnabled(t *testing.T) {
tlsConfigurator := fakeTLSConfigurator{syncCh: make(chan struct{}, 1)}
cache := fakeCache{watched: make(map[string]watchInfo), syncCh: make(chan struct{}, 1)}
store := fakeStore{
conf: make(chan *structs.CAConfiguration, 1),
tokenEntry: make(chan *structs.SystemMetadataEntry, 1),
}
mgr := NewCertManager(Deps{
Logger: testutil.Logger(t),
Config: Config{
Datacenter: "my-dc",
ACLsEnabled: true,
},
TLSConfigurator: &tlsConfigurator,
Cache: &cache,
GetStore: func() Store { return &store },
})
// Override the default waiter to reduce time between retries.
mgr.waiter = testWaiter()
require.NoError(t, mgr.Start(context.Background()))
testutil.RunStep(t, "initial empty state", func(t *testing.T) {
require.Empty(t, tlsConfigurator.cert)
require.Empty(t, tlsConfigurator.peeringServerName)
require.Empty(t, cache.watched)
})
var leafCtx context.Context
tokenCanceler := make(chan struct{})
testutil.RunStep(t, "server token update", func(t *testing.T) {
store.setServerToken("first-secret", tokenCanceler)
require.NoError(t, cache.timeoutIfNotUpdated(t))
require.Contains(t, cache.watched, leafWatchID)
require.Equal(t, "first-secret", cache.watched[leafWatchID].token)
leafCtx = cache.watched[leafWatchID].ctx
})
testutil.RunStep(t, "leaf cert update", func(t *testing.T) {
cache.triggerLeafUpdate()
// Wait for the update to arrive.
require.NoError(t, tlsConfigurator.timeoutIfNotUpdated(t))
expect := testCert{
pub: "cert-pem",
priv: "key-pem",
}
require.Equal(t, expect, tlsConfigurator.cert)
})
testutil.RunStep(t, "another server token update", func(t *testing.T) {
store.setServerToken("second-secret", nil)
// Fire the existing WatchSet to simulate a state store update.
tokenCanceler <- struct{}{}
// The leaf watch in the cache should have been reset.
require.NoError(t, cache.timeoutIfNotUpdated(t))
// The original leaf watch context should have been canceled.
require.Error(t, leafCtx.Err())
// A new leaf watch is expected with the new token.
require.Contains(t, cache.watched, leafWatchID)
require.Equal(t, "second-secret", cache.watched[leafWatchID].token)
})
testutil.RunStep(t, "ca config update", func(t *testing.T) {
store.setCAConfig()
// Wait for the update to arrive.
require.NoError(t, tlsConfigurator.timeoutIfNotUpdated(t))
expect := connect.PeeringServerSAN(mgr.config.Datacenter, connect.TestTrustDomain)
require.Equal(t, expect, tlsConfigurator.peeringServerName)
})
}

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@ -1840,7 +1840,7 @@ func (id *AgentRecoveryTokenIdentity) EnterpriseMetadata() *acl.EnterpriseMeta {
return nil
}
const ServerManagementToken = "server-management-token"
const ServerManagementTokenAccessorID = "server-management-token"
type ACLServerIdentity struct {
secretID string
@ -1853,7 +1853,7 @@ func NewACLServerIdentity(secretID string) *ACLServerIdentity {
}
func (i *ACLServerIdentity) ID() string {
return ServerManagementToken
return ServerManagementTokenAccessorID
}
func (i *ACLServerIdentity) SecretToken() string {

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@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ func (w *Waiter) delay() time.Duration {
}
// Reset the failure count to 0.
// Reset must be called if the operation done after Wait did not fail.
func (w *Waiter) Reset() {
w.failures = 0
}
@ -88,9 +89,13 @@ func (w *Waiter) Failures() int {
return int(w.failures)
}
// Wait increase the number of failures by one, and then blocks until the context
// Wait increases the number of failures by one, and then blocks until the context
// is cancelled, or until the wait time is reached.
//
// The wait time increases exponentially as the number of failures increases.
// Every call to Wait increments the failures count, so Reset must be called
// after Wait when there wasn't a failure.
//
// Wait will return ctx.Err() if the context is cancelled.
func (w *Waiter) Wait(ctx context.Context) error {
w.failures++