open-consul/agent/consul/state/usage.go

// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0

package state

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/hashicorp/go-memdb"

	"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/structs"
)

const (
	serviceNamesUsageTable      = "service-names"
	kvUsageTable                = "kv-entries"
	connectNativeInstancesTable = "connect-native"
	connectPrefix               = "connect-mesh"

	tableUsage = "usage"
)

var allConnectKind = []string{
	string(structs.ServiceKindConnectProxy),
	string(structs.ServiceKindIngressGateway),
	string(structs.ServiceKindMeshGateway),
	string(structs.ServiceKindTerminatingGateway),
	connectNativeInstancesTable,
}

// usageTableSchema returns a new table schema used for tracking various indexes
// for the Raft log.
func usageTableSchema() *memdb.TableSchema {
	return &memdb.TableSchema{
		Name: tableUsage,
		Indexes: map[string]*memdb.IndexSchema{
			indexID: {
				Name:         indexID,
				AllowMissing: false,
				Unique:       true,
				Indexer: &memdb.StringFieldIndex{
					Field:     "ID",
					Lowercase: true,
				},
			},
		},
	}
}

// UsageEntry represents a count of some arbitrary identifier within the
// state store, along with the last seen index.
type UsageEntry struct {
	ID    string
	Index uint64
	Count int
}

// NodeUsage contains all of the usage data related to nodes
type NodeUsage struct {
	Nodes int
	EnterpriseNodeUsage
}

// PeeringUsage contains all of the usage data related to peerings.
type PeeringUsage struct {
	// Number of peerings.
	Peerings int
	EnterprisePeeringUsage
}

type KVUsage struct {
	KVCount int
	EnterpriseKVUsage
}

type ConfigEntryUsage struct {
	ConfigByKind map[string]int
	EnterpriseConfigEntryUsage
}

type uniqueServiceState int

const (
	NoChange uniqueServiceState = 0
	Deleted  uniqueServiceState = 1
	Created  uniqueServiceState = 2
)

// updateUsage takes a set of memdb changes and computes a delta for specific
// usage metrics that we track.
func updateUsage(tx WriteTxn, changes Changes) error {
	usageDeltas := make(map[string]int)
	serviceNameChanges := make(map[structs.ServiceName]int)
	for _, change := range changes.Changes {
		var delta int
		if change.Created() {
			delta = 1
		} else if change.Deleted() {
			delta = -1
		}

		switch change.Table {
		case tableNodes:
			node := changeObject(change).(*structs.Node)
			if node.PeerName != "" {
				// TODO(peering) track peered nodes separately. For now not tracking to avoid double billing.
				continue
			}
			usageDeltas[change.Table] += delta
			addEnterpriseNodeUsage(usageDeltas, change)

		case tablePeering:
			usageDeltas[change.Table] += delta
			addEnterprisePeeringUsage(usageDeltas, change)

		case tableServices:
			svc := changeObject(change).(*structs.ServiceNode)
			if svc.PeerName != "" {
				// TODO(peering) track peered services separately. For now not tracking to avoid double billing.
				continue
			}
			usageDeltas[change.Table] += delta
			addEnterpriseServiceInstanceUsage(usageDeltas, change)

			connectDeltas(change, usageDeltas, delta)
			billableServiceInstancesDeltas(change, usageDeltas, delta)

			// Construct a mapping of all of the various service names that were
			// changed, in order to compare it with the finished memdb state.
			// Make sure to account for the fact that services can change their names.
			if serviceNameChanged(change) {
				serviceNameChanges[svc.CompoundServiceName().ServiceName] += 1
				before := change.Before.(*structs.ServiceNode)
				serviceNameChanges[before.CompoundServiceName().ServiceName] -= 1
			} else {
				serviceNameChanges[svc.CompoundServiceName().ServiceName] += delta
			}

		case "kvs":
			usageDeltas[change.Table] += delta
			addEnterpriseKVUsage(usageDeltas, change)
		case tableConfigEntries:
			entry := changeObject(change).(structs.ConfigEntry)
			usageDeltas[configEntryUsageTableName(entry.GetKind())] += delta
			addEnterpriseConfigEntryUsage(usageDeltas, change)
		}
	}

	serviceStates, err := updateServiceNameUsage(tx, usageDeltas, serviceNameChanges)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	addEnterpriseServiceUsage(usageDeltas, serviceStates)

	idx := changes.Index
	// This will happen when restoring from a snapshot, just take the max index
	// of the tables we are tracking.
	if idx == 0 {
		// TODO(partitions? namespaces?)
		idx = maxIndexTxn(tx, tableNodes, tableServices, "kvs")
	}

	return writeUsageDeltas(tx, idx, usageDeltas)
}

func updateServiceNameUsage(tx WriteTxn, usageDeltas map[string]int, serviceNameChanges map[structs.ServiceName]int) (map[structs.ServiceName]uniqueServiceState, error) {
	serviceStates := make(map[structs.ServiceName]uniqueServiceState, len(serviceNameChanges))
	for svc, delta := range serviceNameChanges {
		q := Query{
			Value:          svc.Name,
			EnterpriseMeta: svc.EnterpriseMeta,
		}
		serviceIter, err := tx.Get(tableServices, indexService, q)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		// Count the number of service instances associated with the given service
		// name at the end of this transaction, and compare that with how many were
		// added/removed during the transaction. This allows us to handle a single
		// transaction committing multiple changes related to a single service
		// name.
		var count int
		for service := serviceIter.Next(); service != nil; service = serviceIter.Next() {
			count += 1
		}

		var serviceState uniqueServiceState
		switch {
		case count == 0:
			// If no services exist, we know we deleted the last service
			// instance.
			serviceState = Deleted
			usageDeltas[serviceNamesUsageTable] -= 1
		case count == delta:
			// If the current number of service instances equals the number added,
			// than we know we created a new service name.
			serviceState = Created
			usageDeltas[serviceNamesUsageTable] += 1
		default:
			serviceState = NoChange
		}

		serviceStates[svc] = serviceState
	}

	return serviceStates, nil
}

// serviceNameChanged returns a boolean that indicates whether the
// provided change resulted in an update to the service's service name.
func serviceNameChanged(change memdb.Change) bool {
	if change.Updated() {
		before := change.Before.(*structs.ServiceNode)
		after := change.After.(*structs.ServiceNode)
		return before.ServiceName != after.ServiceName
	}

	return false
}

// connectUsageTableEntry is a convenience function to make prefix addition in 1 place
func connectUsageTableName(kind string) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", connectPrefix, kind)
}

// configEntryUsageTableName is a convenience function to easily get the prefix + config entry kind in 1 place
func configEntryUsageTableName(kind string) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", tableConfigEntries, kind)
}

func connectDeltas(change memdb.Change, usageDeltas map[string]int, delta int) {
	// Connect metrics for updated services are more complicated. Check for:
	// 1. Did ServiceKind change?
	// 2. Is before ServiceKind typical? don't remove from old service kind
	// 3. Is After ServiceKind typical? don't add to new service kind
	// 4. Add and remove to both ServiceKind's
	if change.Updated() {
		before := change.Before.(*structs.ServiceNode)
		after := change.After.(*structs.ServiceNode)
		if before.ServiceKind != structs.ServiceKindTypical {
			usageDeltas[connectUsageTableName(string(before.ServiceKind))] -= 1
			addEnterpriseConnectServiceInstanceUsage(usageDeltas, before, -1)
		}
		if after.ServiceKind != structs.ServiceKindTypical {
			usageDeltas[connectUsageTableName(string(after.ServiceKind))] += 1
			addEnterpriseConnectServiceInstanceUsage(usageDeltas, after, 1)
		}

		if before.ServiceConnect.Native != after.ServiceConnect.Native {
			if before.ServiceConnect.Native {
				usageDeltas[connectUsageTableName(string(connectNativeInstancesTable))] -= 1
				addEnterpriseConnectServiceInstanceUsage(usageDeltas, before, -1)
			} else {
				usageDeltas[connectUsageTableName(connectNativeInstancesTable)] += 1
				addEnterpriseConnectServiceInstanceUsage(usageDeltas, after, 1)
			}
		}
	} else {
		svc := changeObject(change).(*structs.ServiceNode)
		if svc.ServiceKind != structs.ServiceKindTypical {
			usageDeltas[connectUsageTableName(string(svc.ServiceKind))] += delta
		}
		if svc.ServiceConnect.Native {
			usageDeltas[connectUsageTableName(connectNativeInstancesTable)] += delta
		}
		addEnterpriseConnectServiceInstanceUsage(usageDeltas, svc, delta)
	}
}

// billableServiceInstancesDeltas calculates deltas for the billable services. Billable services
// are of "typical" service kind (i.e. non-connect or connect-native), excluding the "consul" service.
func billableServiceInstancesDeltas(change memdb.Change, usageDeltas map[string]int, delta int) {
	// Billable service instances = # of typical service instances (i.e. non-connect) + connect-native service instances.
	// Specifically, it should exclude "consul" service instances from the count.
	//
	// If the service has been updated, then we check
	// 	1. If the service name changed to or from "consul" and update deltas such that we exclude consul server service instances.
	//     This case is a bit contrived because we don't expect consul service to change once it's registered (beyond changing its instance count).
	//		a) If changed to "consul" -> decrement deltas by one
	//		b) If changed from "consul" and it's not a "connect" service -> increase deltas by one
	// 	2. If the service kind changed to or from "typical", we need to we need to update deltas so that we only account
	//     for non-connect or connect-native instances.
	if change.Updated() {
		// When there's an update, the delta arg passed to this function is 0, and so we need to explicitly increment
		// or decrement by 1 depending on the situation.
		before := change.Before.(*structs.ServiceNode)
		after := change.After.(*structs.ServiceNode)
		// Service name changed away from "consul" means we now need to account for this service instances unless it's a "connect" service.
		if before.ServiceName == structs.ConsulServiceName && after.ServiceName != structs.ConsulServiceName {
			if after.ServiceKind == structs.ServiceKindTypical {
				usageDeltas[billableServiceInstancesTableName()] += 1
				addEnterpriseBillableServiceInstanceUsage(usageDeltas, after, 1)
			}
		}
		if before.ServiceName != structs.ConsulServiceName && after.ServiceName == structs.ConsulServiceName {
			usageDeltas[billableServiceInstancesTableName()] -= 1
			addEnterpriseBillableServiceInstanceUsage(usageDeltas, before, -1)
		}

		if before.ServiceKind != structs.ServiceKindTypical && after.ServiceKind == structs.ServiceKindTypical {
			usageDeltas[billableServiceInstancesTableName()] += 1
			addEnterpriseBillableServiceInstanceUsage(usageDeltas, after, 1)
		} else if before.ServiceKind == structs.ServiceKindTypical && after.ServiceKind != structs.ServiceKindTypical {
			usageDeltas[billableServiceInstancesTableName()] -= 1
			addEnterpriseBillableServiceInstanceUsage(usageDeltas, before, -1)
		}
	} else {
		svc := changeObject(change).(*structs.ServiceNode)
		// If it's not an update, only update delta if it's a typical service and not the "consul" service.
		if svc.ServiceKind == structs.ServiceKindTypical && svc.ServiceName != structs.ConsulServiceName {
			usageDeltas[billableServiceInstancesTableName()] += delta
			addEnterpriseBillableServiceInstanceUsage(usageDeltas, svc, delta)
		}
	}
}

// writeUsageDeltas will take in a map of IDs to deltas and update each
// entry accordingly, checking for integer underflow. The index that is
// passed in will be recorded on the entry as well.
func writeUsageDeltas(tx WriteTxn, idx uint64, usageDeltas map[string]int) error {
	for id, delta := range usageDeltas {
		u, err := tx.First(tableUsage, indexID, id)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve existing usage entry: %s", err)
		}

		if u == nil {
			if delta < 0 {
				// Don't return an error here, since we don't want to block updates
				// from happening to the state store. But, set the delta to 0 so that
				// we do not accidentally underflow the uint64 and begin reporting
				// large numbers.
				delta = 0
			}
			err = tx.Insert(tableUsage, &UsageEntry{
				ID:    id,
				Count: delta,
				Index: idx,
			})
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("failed to update usage entry: %s", err)
			}
		} else if cur, ok := u.(*UsageEntry); ok {
			updated := cur.Count + delta
			if updated < 0 {
				// Don't return an error here, since we don't want to block updates
				// from happening to the state store. But, set the delta to 0 so that
				// we do not accidentally underflow the uint64 and begin reporting
				// large numbers.
				updated = 0
			}
			err := tx.Insert(tableUsage, &UsageEntry{
				ID:    id,
				Count: updated,
				Index: idx,
			})
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("failed to update usage entry: %s", err)
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// NodeUsage returns the latest seen Raft index, a compiled set of node usage
// data, and any errors.
func (s *Store) NodeUsage() (uint64, NodeUsage, error) {
	tx := s.db.ReadTxn()
	defer tx.Abort()

	nodes, err := firstUsageEntry(nil, tx, tableNodes)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, NodeUsage{}, fmt.Errorf("failed nodes lookup: %s", err)
	}

	usage := NodeUsage{
		Nodes: nodes.Count,
	}
	results, err := compileEnterpriseNodeUsage(tx, usage)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, NodeUsage{}, fmt.Errorf("failed nodes lookup: %s", err)
	}

	return nodes.Index, results, nil
}

// PeeringUsage returns the latest seen Raft index, a compiled set of peering usage
// data, and any errors.
func (s *Store) PeeringUsage() (uint64, PeeringUsage, error) {
	tx := s.db.ReadTxn()
	defer tx.Abort()

	peerings, err := firstUsageEntry(nil, tx, tablePeering)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, PeeringUsage{}, fmt.Errorf("failed peerings lookup: %s", err)
	}

	usage := PeeringUsage{
		Peerings: peerings.Count,
	}
	results, err := compileEnterprisePeeringUsage(tx, usage)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, PeeringUsage{}, fmt.Errorf("failed peerings lookup: %s", err)
	}

	return peerings.Index, results, nil
}

// ServiceUsage returns the latest seen Raft index, a compiled set of service
// usage data, and any errors.
func (s *Store) ServiceUsage(ws memdb.WatchSet) (uint64, structs.ServiceUsage, error) {
	tx := s.db.ReadTxn()
	defer tx.Abort()

	serviceInstances, err := firstUsageEntry(ws, tx, tableServices)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, structs.ServiceUsage{}, fmt.Errorf("failed services lookup: %s", err)
	}

	services, err := firstUsageEntry(ws, tx, serviceNamesUsageTable)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, structs.ServiceUsage{}, fmt.Errorf("failed services lookup: %s", err)
	}

	serviceKindInstances := make(map[string]int)
	for _, kind := range allConnectKind {
		usage, err := firstUsageEntry(ws, tx, connectUsageTableName(kind))
		if err != nil {
			return 0, structs.ServiceUsage{}, fmt.Errorf("failed services lookup: %s", err)
		}
		serviceKindInstances[kind] = usage.Count
	}

	billableServiceInstances, err := firstUsageEntry(ws, tx, billableServiceInstancesTableName())
	if err != nil {
		return 0, structs.ServiceUsage{}, fmt.Errorf("failed billable services lookup: %s", err)
	}

	usage := structs.ServiceUsage{
		ServiceInstances:         serviceInstances.Count,
		Services:                 services.Count,
		ConnectServiceInstances:  serviceKindInstances,
		BillableServiceInstances: billableServiceInstances.Count,
	}
	results, err := compileEnterpriseServiceUsage(ws, tx, usage)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, structs.ServiceUsage{}, fmt.Errorf("failed services lookup: %s", err)
	}

	return serviceInstances.Index, results, nil
}

func (s *Store) KVUsage() (uint64, KVUsage, error) {
	tx := s.db.ReadTxn()
	defer tx.Abort()

	kvs, err := firstUsageEntry(nil, tx, "kvs")
	if err != nil {
		return 0, KVUsage{}, fmt.Errorf("failed kvs lookup: %s", err)
	}

	usage := KVUsage{
		KVCount: kvs.Count,
	}
	results, err := compileEnterpriseKVUsage(tx, usage)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, KVUsage{}, fmt.Errorf("failed kvs lookup: %s", err)
	}

	return kvs.Index, results, nil
}

func (s *Store) ConfigEntryUsage() (uint64, ConfigEntryUsage, error) {
	tx := s.db.ReadTxn()
	defer tx.Abort()

	configEntries := make(map[string]int)
	var maxIdx uint64
	for _, kind := range structs.AllConfigEntryKinds {
		configEntry, err := firstUsageEntry(nil, tx, configEntryUsageTableName(kind))
		if configEntry.Index > maxIdx {
			maxIdx = configEntry.Index
		}
		if err != nil {
			return 0, ConfigEntryUsage{}, fmt.Errorf("failed config entry usage lookup: %s", err)
		}
		configEntries[kind] = configEntry.Count
	}
	usage := ConfigEntryUsage{
		ConfigByKind: configEntries,
	}
	results, err := compileEnterpriseConfigEntryUsage(tx, usage)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, ConfigEntryUsage{}, fmt.Errorf("failed config entry usage lookup: %s", err)
	}

	return maxIdx, results, nil
}

func firstUsageEntry(ws memdb.WatchSet, tx ReadTxn, id string) (*UsageEntry, error) {
	watch, usage, err := tx.FirstWatch(tableUsage, indexID, id)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	ws.Add(watch)

	// If no elements have been inserted, the usage entry will not exist. We
	// return a valid value so that can be certain the return value is not nil
	// when no error has occurred.
	if usage == nil {
		return &UsageEntry{ID: id, Count: 0}, nil
	}

	realUsage, ok := usage.(*UsageEntry)
	if !ok {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed usage lookup: type %T is not *UsageEntry", usage)
	}

	return realUsage, nil
}

func billableServiceInstancesTableName() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("billable-%s", tableServices)
}