open-consul/website/content/docs/upgrading/index.mdx

---
layout: docs
page_title: Upgrade Consul
sidebar_title: Upgrade
description: >-
  Consul is meant to be a long-running agent on any nodes participating in a
  Consul cluster. These nodes consistently communicate with each other. As such,
  protocol level compatibility and ease of upgrades is an important thing to
  keep in mind when using Consul.
---

# Upgrading Consul

Consul is meant to be a long-running agent on any nodes participating in a
Consul cluster. These nodes consistently communicate with each other. As such,
protocol level compatibility and ease of upgrades is an important thing to
keep in mind when using Consul.

This page documents how to upgrade Consul when a new version is released.

## Standard Upgrades

For upgrades we strive to ensure backwards compatibility. To support this,
nodes gossip their protocol version and builds. This enables clients and
servers to intelligently enable new features when available, or to gracefully
fallback to a backward compatible mode of operation otherwise.

For most upgrades, the process is simple. Assuming the current version of
Consul is A, and version B is released.

1. Check the [version's upgrade notes](/docs/upgrade-specific) to ensure
   there are no compatibility issues that will affect your workload. If there
   are plan accordingly before continuing.

2. On each server, install version B of Consul.

3. One server at a time, shut down version A via `consul leave` and restart with version B. Wait until
   the server is healthy and has rejoined the cluster before moving on to the
   next server.

4. Once all the servers are upgraded, begin a rollout of clients following
   the same process.

5. Done! You are now running the latest Consul agent. You can verify this
   by running `consul members` to make sure all members have the latest
   build and highest protocol version.

## Large Version Jumps

Operating a Consul datacenter that is multiple major versions behind the current major
version can increase the risk incurred during upgrades. We encourage our users to
remain no more than two major versions behind (i.e., if 1.8.x is the current release,
do not use versions older than 1.6.x). If you find yourself in a situation where you
are many major versions behind, and need to upgrade, please review our
[Upgrade Instructions page](/docs/upgrading/instructions) for information on
how to perform those upgrades.

## Backward Incompatible Upgrades

In some cases, a backwards incompatible update may be released. This has not
been an issue yet, but to support upgrades we support setting an explicit
protocol version. This disables incompatible features and enables a 2-phase upgrade.

For the steps below, assume you're running version A of Consul, and then
version B comes out.

1. On each node, install version B of Consul.

2. One server at a time, shut down version A via `consul leave` and start version B with the
   `-protocol=PREVIOUS` flag, where "PREVIOUS" is the protocol version of
   version A (which can be discovered by running `consul -v` or `consul members`). Wait until the server is healthy and has rejoined the cluster
   before moving on to the next server.

3. Once all nodes are running version B, go through every node and restart the
   version B agent _without_ the `-protocol` flag, again wait for each server to
   rejoin the cluster before continuing.

4. Done! You're now running the latest Consul agent speaking the latest protocol.
   You can verify this is the case by running `consul members` to
   make sure all members are speaking the same, latest protocol version.

The key to making this work is the [protocol compatibility](/docs/compatibility)
of Consul. The protocol version system is discussed below.

## Protocol Versions

By default, Consul agents speak the latest protocol they can. However, each
new version of Consul is also able to speak the previous protocol, if there
were any protocol changes.

You can see what protocol versions your version of Consul understands by
running `consul -v`. You'll see output similar to that below:

```shell-session
$ consul -v
Consul v0.7.0
Protocol 2 spoken by default, understands 2 to 3 (agent will automatically use protocol >2 when speaking to compatible agents)
```

This says the version of Consul as well as the protocol versions this
agent speaks and can understand.

Sometimes Consul will default to speak a lower protocol version
than it understands, in order to ease compatibility with older agents. For
example, Consul agents that understand version 3 claim to speak version 2,
and only send version 3 messages to agents that understand version 3. This
allows features to upshift automatically as agents are upgraded, and is the
strategy used whenever possible. If this is not possible, then you will need
to do a backward incompatible upgrade using the instructions above, and such
a requirement will be clearly outlined in the notes for a given release.

By specifying the `-protocol` flag on `consul agent`, you can tell the
Consul agent to speak any protocol version that it can understand. This
only specifies the protocol version to _speak_. Every Consul agent can
always understand the entire range of protocol versions it claims to
on `consul -v`.

~> **By running a previous protocol version**, some features
of Consul, especially newer features, may not be available. If this is the
case, Consul will typically warn you. In general, you should always upgrade
your cluster so that you can run the latest protocol version.

## Upgrading on Kubernetes

See the dedicated [Upgrading Consul on Kubernetes](/docs/platform/k8s/upgrading) page.

## Upgrading federated datacenters

If you need to upgrade a federated environment with multiple datacenters you can
refer to the [Upgrade Multiple Federated Consul Datacenters](https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/consul/upgrade-federated-environment)
tutorial.