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rocksdb/db/db_sst_test.cc

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// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
// This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
// LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
// of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
//
// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
#include "db/db_test_util.h"
#include "port/stack_trace.h"
#include "rocksdb/sst_file_manager.h"
#include "rocksdb/sst_file_writer.h"
#include "util/sst_file_manager_impl.h"
namespace rocksdb {
class DBSSTTest : public DBTestBase {
public:
DBSSTTest() : DBTestBase("/db_sst_test") {}
};
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, DontDeletePendingOutputs) {
Options options;
options.env = env_;
options.create_if_missing = true;
DestroyAndReopen(options);
// Every time we write to a table file, call FOF/POF with full DB scan. This
// will make sure our pending_outputs_ protection work correctly
std::function<void()> purge_obsolete_files_function = [&]() {
JobContext job_context(0);
dbfull()->TEST_LockMutex();
dbfull()->FindObsoleteFiles(&job_context, true /*force*/);
dbfull()->TEST_UnlockMutex();
dbfull()->PurgeObsoleteFiles(job_context);
job_context.Clean();
};
env_->table_write_callback_ = &purge_obsolete_files_function;
for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
ASSERT_OK(Put("a", "begin"));
ASSERT_OK(Put("z", "end"));
ASSERT_OK(Flush());
}
// If pending output guard does not work correctly, PurgeObsoleteFiles() will
// delete the file that Compaction is trying to create, causing this: error
// db/db_test.cc:975: IO error:
// /tmp/rocksdbtest-1552237650/db_test/000009.sst: No such file or directory
Compact("a", "b");
}
#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, DontDeleteMovedFile) {
// This test triggers move compaction and verifies that the file is not
// deleted when it's part of move compaction
Options options = CurrentOptions();
options.env = env_;
options.create_if_missing = true;
options.max_bytes_for_level_base = 1024 * 1024; // 1 MB
options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger =
2; // trigger compaction when we have 2 files
DestroyAndReopen(options);
Random rnd(301);
// Create two 1MB sst files
for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
// Create 1MB sst file
for (int j = 0; j < 100; ++j) {
ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(i * 50 + j), RandomString(&rnd, 10 * 1024)));
}
ASSERT_OK(Flush());
}
// this should execute both L0->L1 and L1->(move)->L2 compactions
dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact();
ASSERT_EQ("0,0,1", FilesPerLevel(0));
// If the moved file is actually deleted (the move-safeguard in
// ~Version::Version() is not there), we get this failure:
// Corruption: Can't access /000009.sst
Reopen(options);
}
// This reproduces a bug where we don't delete a file because when it was
// supposed to be deleted, it was blocked by pending_outputs
// Consider:
// 1. current file_number is 13
// 2. compaction (1) starts, blocks deletion of all files starting with 13
// (pending outputs)
// 3. file 13 is created by compaction (2)
// 4. file 13 is consumed by compaction (3) and file 15 was created. Since file
// 13 has no references, it is put into VersionSet::obsolete_files_
// 5. FindObsoleteFiles() gets file 13 from VersionSet::obsolete_files_. File 13
// is deleted from obsolete_files_ set.
// 6. PurgeObsoleteFiles() tries to delete file 13, but this file is blocked by
// pending outputs since compaction (1) is still running. It is not deleted and
// it is not present in obsolete_files_ anymore. Therefore, we never delete it.
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, DeleteObsoleteFilesPendingOutputs) {
Options options = CurrentOptions();
options.env = env_;
options.write_buffer_size = 2 * 1024 * 1024; // 2 MB
options.max_bytes_for_level_base = 1024 * 1024; // 1 MB
options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger =
2; // trigger compaction when we have 2 files
options.max_background_flushes = 2;
options.max_background_compactions = 2;
OnFileDeletionListener* listener = new OnFileDeletionListener();
options.listeners.emplace_back(listener);
Reopen(options);
Random rnd(301);
// Create two 1MB sst files
for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
// Create 1MB sst file
for (int j = 0; j < 100; ++j) {
ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(i * 50 + j), RandomString(&rnd, 10 * 1024)));
}
ASSERT_OK(Flush());
}
// this should execute both L0->L1 and L1->(move)->L2 compactions
dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact();
ASSERT_EQ("0,0,1", FilesPerLevel(0));
test::SleepingBackgroundTask blocking_thread;
port::Mutex mutex_;
bool already_blocked(false);
// block the flush
std::function<void()> block_first_time = [&]() {
bool blocking = false;
{
MutexLock l(&mutex_);
if (!already_blocked) {
blocking = true;
already_blocked = true;
}
}
if (blocking) {
blocking_thread.DoSleep();
}
};
env_->table_write_callback_ = &block_first_time;
// Create 1MB sst file
for (int j = 0; j < 256; ++j) {
ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(j), RandomString(&rnd, 10 * 1024)));
}
// this should trigger a flush, which is blocked with block_first_time
// pending_file is protecting all the files created after
ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_CompactRange(2, nullptr, nullptr));
ASSERT_EQ("0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel(0));
std::vector<LiveFileMetaData> metadata;
db_->GetLiveFilesMetaData(&metadata);
ASSERT_EQ(metadata.size(), 1U);
auto file_on_L2 = metadata[0].name;
listener->SetExpectedFileName(dbname_ + file_on_L2);
ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->TEST_CompactRange(3, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
true /* disallow trivial move */));
ASSERT_EQ("0,0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel(0));
// finish the flush!
blocking_thread.WakeUp();
blocking_thread.WaitUntilDone();
dbfull()->TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable();
ASSERT_EQ("1,0,0,0,1", FilesPerLevel(0));
metadata.clear();
db_->GetLiveFilesMetaData(&metadata);
ASSERT_EQ(metadata.size(), 2U);
// This file should have been deleted during last compaction
ASSERT_EQ(Status::NotFound(), env_->FileExists(dbname_ + file_on_L2));
listener->VerifyMatchedCount(1);
}
#endif // ROCKSDB_LITE
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, DBWithSstFileManager) {
std::shared_ptr<SstFileManager> sst_file_manager(NewSstFileManager(env_));
auto sfm = static_cast<SstFileManagerImpl*>(sst_file_manager.get());
int files_added = 0;
int files_deleted = 0;
int files_moved = 0;
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
"SstFileManagerImpl::OnAddFile", [&](void* arg) { files_added++; });
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
"SstFileManagerImpl::OnDeleteFile", [&](void* arg) { files_deleted++; });
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
"SstFileManagerImpl::OnMoveFile", [&](void* arg) { files_moved++; });
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
Options options = CurrentOptions();
options.sst_file_manager = sst_file_manager;
DestroyAndReopen(options);
Random rnd(301);
for (int i = 0; i < 25; i++) {
GenerateNewRandomFile(&rnd);
ASSERT_OK(Flush());
dbfull()->TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable();
dbfull()->TEST_WaitForCompact();
// Verify that we are tracking all sst files in dbname_
ASSERT_EQ(sfm->GetTrackedFiles(), GetAllSSTFiles());
}
ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
auto files_in_db = GetAllSSTFiles();
// Verify that we are tracking all sst files in dbname_
ASSERT_EQ(sfm->GetTrackedFiles(), files_in_db);
// Verify the total files size
uint64_t total_files_size = 0;
for (auto& file_to_size : files_in_db) {
total_files_size += file_to_size.second;
}
ASSERT_EQ(sfm->GetTotalSize(), total_files_size);
// We flushed at least 25 files
ASSERT_GE(files_added, 25);
// Compaction must have deleted some files
ASSERT_GT(files_deleted, 0);
// No files were moved
ASSERT_EQ(files_moved, 0);
Close();
Reopen(options);
ASSERT_EQ(sfm->GetTrackedFiles(), files_in_db);
ASSERT_EQ(sfm->GetTotalSize(), total_files_size);
// Verify that we track all the files again after the DB is closed and opened
Close();
sst_file_manager.reset(NewSstFileManager(env_));
options.sst_file_manager = sst_file_manager;
sfm = static_cast<SstFileManagerImpl*>(sst_file_manager.get());
Reopen(options);
ASSERT_EQ(sfm->GetTrackedFiles(), files_in_db);
ASSERT_EQ(sfm->GetTotalSize(), total_files_size);
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
}
#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, RateLimitedDelete) {
Destroy(last_options_);
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency({
{"DBSSTTest::RateLimitedDelete:1",
"DeleteScheduler::BackgroundEmptyTrash"},
});
std::vector<uint64_t> penalties;
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
"DeleteScheduler::BackgroundEmptyTrash:Wait",
[&](void* arg) { penalties.push_back(*(static_cast<int*>(arg))); });
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
Options options = CurrentOptions();
options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
options.env = env_;
std::string trash_dir = test::TmpDir(env_) + "/trash";
int64_t rate_bytes_per_sec = 1024 * 10; // 10 Kbs / Sec
Status s;
options.sst_file_manager.reset(NewSstFileManager(
env_, nullptr, trash_dir, rate_bytes_per_sec, false, &s));
ASSERT_OK(s);
auto sfm = static_cast<SstFileManagerImpl*>(options.sst_file_manager.get());
ASSERT_OK(TryReopen(options));
// Create 4 files in L0
for (char v = 'a'; v <= 'd'; v++) {
ASSERT_OK(Put("Key2", DummyString(1024, v)));
ASSERT_OK(Put("Key3", DummyString(1024, v)));
ASSERT_OK(Put("Key4", DummyString(1024, v)));
ASSERT_OK(Put("Key1", DummyString(1024, v)));
ASSERT_OK(Put("Key4", DummyString(1024, v)));
ASSERT_OK(Flush());
}
// We created 4 sst files in L0
ASSERT_EQ("4", FilesPerLevel(0));
std::vector<LiveFileMetaData> metadata;
db_->GetLiveFilesMetaData(&metadata);
// Compaction will move the 4 files in L0 to trash and create 1 L1 file
ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
ASSERT_EQ("0,1", FilesPerLevel(0));
uint64_t delete_start_time = env_->NowMicros();
// Hold BackgroundEmptyTrash
TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBSSTTest::RateLimitedDelete:1");
sfm->WaitForEmptyTrash();
uint64_t time_spent_deleting = env_->NowMicros() - delete_start_time;
uint64_t total_files_size = 0;
uint64_t expected_penlty = 0;
ASSERT_EQ(penalties.size(), metadata.size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < metadata.size(); i++) {
total_files_size += metadata[i].size;
expected_penlty = ((total_files_size * 1000000) / rate_bytes_per_sec);
ASSERT_EQ(expected_penlty, penalties[i]);
}
ASSERT_GT(time_spent_deleting, expected_penlty * 0.9);
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
}
// Create a DB with 2 db_paths, and generate multiple files in the 2
// db_paths using CompactRangeOptions, make sure that files that were
// deleted from first db_path were deleted using DeleteScheduler and
// files in the second path were not.
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, DeleteSchedulerMultipleDBPaths) {
int bg_delete_file = 0;
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
"DeleteScheduler::DeleteTrashFile:DeleteFile",
[&](void* arg) { bg_delete_file++; });
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
Options options = CurrentOptions();
options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
options.db_paths.emplace_back(dbname_, 1024 * 100);
options.db_paths.emplace_back(dbname_ + "_2", 1024 * 100);
options.env = env_;
std::string trash_dir = test::TmpDir(env_) + "/trash";
int64_t rate_bytes_per_sec = 1024 * 1024; // 1 Mb / Sec
Status s;
options.sst_file_manager.reset(NewSstFileManager(
env_, nullptr, trash_dir, rate_bytes_per_sec, false, &s));
ASSERT_OK(s);
auto sfm = static_cast<SstFileManagerImpl*>(options.sst_file_manager.get());
DestroyAndReopen(options);
// Create 4 files in L0
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
ASSERT_OK(Put("Key" + ToString(i), DummyString(1024, 'A')));
ASSERT_OK(Flush());
}
// We created 4 sst files in L0
ASSERT_EQ("4", FilesPerLevel(0));
// Compaction will delete files from L0 in first db path and generate a new
// file in L1 in second db path
CompactRangeOptions compact_options;
compact_options.target_path_id = 1;
Slice begin("Key0");
Slice end("Key3");
ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(compact_options, &begin, &end));
ASSERT_EQ("0,1", FilesPerLevel(0));
// Create 4 files in L0
for (int i = 4; i < 8; i++) {
ASSERT_OK(Put("Key" + ToString(i), DummyString(1024, 'B')));
ASSERT_OK(Flush());
}
ASSERT_EQ("4,1", FilesPerLevel(0));
// Compaction will delete files from L0 in first db path and generate a new
// file in L1 in second db path
begin = "Key4";
end = "Key7";
ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(compact_options, &begin, &end));
ASSERT_EQ("0,2", FilesPerLevel(0));
sfm->WaitForEmptyTrash();
ASSERT_EQ(bg_delete_file, 8);
compact_options.bottommost_level_compaction =
BottommostLevelCompaction::kForce;
ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(compact_options, nullptr, nullptr));
ASSERT_EQ("0,1", FilesPerLevel(0));
sfm->WaitForEmptyTrash();
ASSERT_EQ(bg_delete_file, 8);
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
}
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, DestroyDBWithRateLimitedDelete) {
int bg_delete_file = 0;
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
"DeleteScheduler::DeleteTrashFile:DeleteFile",
[&](void* arg) { bg_delete_file++; });
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
Options options = CurrentOptions();
options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
options.env = env_;
DestroyAndReopen(options);
// Create 4 files in L0
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
ASSERT_OK(Put("Key" + ToString(i), DummyString(1024, 'A')));
ASSERT_OK(Flush());
}
// We created 4 sst files in L0
ASSERT_EQ("4", FilesPerLevel(0));
// Close DB and destroy it using DeleteScheduler
Close();
std::string trash_dir = test::TmpDir(env_) + "/trash";
int64_t rate_bytes_per_sec = 1024 * 1024; // 1 Mb / Sec
Status s;
options.sst_file_manager.reset(NewSstFileManager(
env_, nullptr, trash_dir, rate_bytes_per_sec, false, &s));
ASSERT_OK(s);
ASSERT_OK(DestroyDB(dbname_, options));
auto sfm = static_cast<SstFileManagerImpl*>(options.sst_file_manager.get());
sfm->WaitForEmptyTrash();
// We have deleted the 4 sst files in the delete_scheduler
ASSERT_EQ(bg_delete_file, 4);
}
#endif // ROCKSDB_LITE
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, DBWithMaxSpaceAllowed) {
std::shared_ptr<SstFileManager> sst_file_manager(NewSstFileManager(env_));
auto sfm = static_cast<SstFileManagerImpl*>(sst_file_manager.get());
Options options = CurrentOptions();
options.sst_file_manager = sst_file_manager;
options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
DestroyAndReopen(options);
Random rnd(301);
// Generate a file containing 100 keys.
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(i), RandomString(&rnd, 50)));
}
ASSERT_OK(Flush());
uint64_t first_file_size = 0;
auto files_in_db = GetAllSSTFiles(&first_file_size);
ASSERT_EQ(sfm->GetTotalSize(), first_file_size);
// Set the maximum allowed space usage to the current total size
sfm->SetMaxAllowedSpaceUsage(first_file_size + 1);
ASSERT_OK(Put("key1", "val1"));
// This flush will cause bg_error_ and will fail
ASSERT_NOK(Flush());
}
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, DBWithMaxSpaceAllowedRandomized) {
// This test will set a maximum allowed space for the DB, then it will
// keep filling the DB until the limit is reached and bg_error_ is set.
// When bg_error_ is set we will verify that the DB size is greater
// than the limit.
std::vector<int> max_space_limits_mbs = {1, 2, 4, 8, 10};
bool bg_error_set = false;
uint64_t total_sst_files_size = 0;
int reached_max_space_on_flush = 0;
int reached_max_space_on_compaction = 0;
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
"DBImpl::FlushMemTableToOutputFile:MaxAllowedSpaceReached",
[&](void* arg) {
bg_error_set = true;
GetAllSSTFiles(&total_sst_files_size);
reached_max_space_on_flush++;
});
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
"CompactionJob::FinishCompactionOutputFile:MaxAllowedSpaceReached",
[&](void* arg) {
bg_error_set = true;
GetAllSSTFiles(&total_sst_files_size);
reached_max_space_on_compaction++;
});
for (auto limit_mb : max_space_limits_mbs) {
bg_error_set = false;
total_sst_files_size = 0;
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearTrace();
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
std::shared_ptr<SstFileManager> sst_file_manager(NewSstFileManager(env_));
auto sfm = static_cast<SstFileManagerImpl*>(sst_file_manager.get());
Options options = CurrentOptions();
options.sst_file_manager = sst_file_manager;
options.write_buffer_size = 1024 * 512; // 512 Kb
DestroyAndReopen(options);
Random rnd(301);
sfm->SetMaxAllowedSpaceUsage(limit_mb * 1024 * 1024);
int keys_written = 0;
uint64_t estimated_db_size = 0;
while (true) {
auto s = Put(RandomString(&rnd, 10), RandomString(&rnd, 50));
if (!s.ok()) {
break;
}
keys_written++;
// Check the estimated db size vs the db limit just to make sure we
// dont run into an infinite loop
estimated_db_size = keys_written * 60; // ~60 bytes per key
ASSERT_LT(estimated_db_size, limit_mb * 1024 * 1024 * 2);
}
ASSERT_TRUE(bg_error_set);
ASSERT_GE(total_sst_files_size, limit_mb * 1024 * 1024);
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
}
ASSERT_GT(reached_max_space_on_flush, 0);
ASSERT_GT(reached_max_space_on_compaction, 0);
}
#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, OpenDBWithInfiniteMaxOpenFiles) {
// Open DB with infinite max open files
// - First iteration use 1 thread to open files
// - Second iteration use 5 threads to open files
for (int iter = 0; iter < 2; iter++) {
Options options;
options.create_if_missing = true;
options.write_buffer_size = 100000;
options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
options.max_open_files = -1;
if (iter == 0) {
options.max_file_opening_threads = 1;
} else {
options.max_file_opening_threads = 5;
}
options = CurrentOptions(options);
DestroyAndReopen(options);
// Create 12 Files in L0 (then move then to L2)
for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
std::string k = "L2_" + Key(i);
ASSERT_OK(Put(k, k + std::string(1000, 'a')));
ASSERT_OK(Flush());
}
CompactRangeOptions compact_options;
compact_options.change_level = true;
compact_options.target_level = 2;
db_->CompactRange(compact_options, nullptr, nullptr);
// Create 12 Files in L0
for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
std::string k = "L0_" + Key(i);
ASSERT_OK(Put(k, k + std::string(1000, 'a')));
ASSERT_OK(Flush());
}
Close();
// Reopening the DB will load all exisitng files
Reopen(options);
ASSERT_EQ("12,0,12", FilesPerLevel(0));
std::vector<std::vector<FileMetaData>> files;
dbfull()->TEST_GetFilesMetaData(db_->DefaultColumnFamily(), &files);
for (const auto& level : files) {
for (const auto& file : level) {
ASSERT_TRUE(file.table_reader_handle != nullptr);
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
ASSERT_EQ(Get("L0_" + Key(i)), "L0_" + Key(i) + std::string(1000, 'a'));
ASSERT_EQ(Get("L2_" + Key(i)), "L2_" + Key(i) + std::string(1000, 'a'));
}
}
}
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, GetTotalSstFilesSize) {
Options options = CurrentOptions();
options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
options.compression = kNoCompression;
DestroyAndReopen(options);
// Generate 5 files in L0
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
std::string val = "val_file_" + ToString(i);
ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(j), val));
}
Flush();
}
ASSERT_EQ("5", FilesPerLevel(0));
std::vector<LiveFileMetaData> live_files_meta;
dbfull()->GetLiveFilesMetaData(&live_files_meta);
ASSERT_EQ(live_files_meta.size(), 5);
uint64_t single_file_size = live_files_meta[0].size;
uint64_t live_sst_files_size = 0;
uint64_t total_sst_files_size = 0;
for (const auto& file_meta : live_files_meta) {
live_sst_files_size += file_meta.size;
}
ASSERT_TRUE(dbfull()->GetIntProperty("rocksdb.total-sst-files-size",
&total_sst_files_size));
// Live SST files = 5
// Total SST files = 5
ASSERT_EQ(live_sst_files_size, 5 * single_file_size);
ASSERT_EQ(total_sst_files_size, 5 * single_file_size);
// hold current version
std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iter1(dbfull()->NewIterator(ReadOptions()));
// Compact 5 files into 1 file in L0
ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
ASSERT_EQ("0,1", FilesPerLevel(0));
live_files_meta.clear();
dbfull()->GetLiveFilesMetaData(&live_files_meta);
ASSERT_EQ(live_files_meta.size(), 1);
live_sst_files_size = 0;
total_sst_files_size = 0;
for (const auto& file_meta : live_files_meta) {
live_sst_files_size += file_meta.size;
}
ASSERT_TRUE(dbfull()->GetIntProperty("rocksdb.total-sst-files-size",
&total_sst_files_size));
// Live SST files = 1 (compacted file)
// Total SST files = 6 (5 original files + compacted file)
ASSERT_EQ(live_sst_files_size, 1 * single_file_size);
ASSERT_EQ(total_sst_files_size, 6 * single_file_size);
// hold current version
std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iter2(dbfull()->NewIterator(ReadOptions()));
// Delete all keys and compact, this will delete all live files
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
ASSERT_OK(Delete(Key(i)));
}
Flush();
ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
ASSERT_EQ("", FilesPerLevel(0));
live_files_meta.clear();
dbfull()->GetLiveFilesMetaData(&live_files_meta);
ASSERT_EQ(live_files_meta.size(), 0);
ASSERT_TRUE(dbfull()->GetIntProperty("rocksdb.total-sst-files-size",
&total_sst_files_size));
// Live SST files = 0
// Total SST files = 6 (5 original files + compacted file)
ASSERT_EQ(total_sst_files_size, 6 * single_file_size);
iter1.reset();
ASSERT_TRUE(dbfull()->GetIntProperty("rocksdb.total-sst-files-size",
&total_sst_files_size));
// Live SST files = 0
// Total SST files = 1 (compacted file)
ASSERT_EQ(total_sst_files_size, 1 * single_file_size);
iter2.reset();
ASSERT_TRUE(dbfull()->GetIntProperty("rocksdb.total-sst-files-size",
&total_sst_files_size));
// Live SST files = 0
// Total SST files = 0
ASSERT_EQ(total_sst_files_size, 0);
}
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, GetTotalSstFilesSizeVersionsFilesShared) {
Options options = CurrentOptions();
options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
options.compression = kNoCompression;
DestroyAndReopen(options);
// Generate 5 files in L0
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(i), "val"));
Flush();
}
ASSERT_EQ("5", FilesPerLevel(0));
std::vector<LiveFileMetaData> live_files_meta;
dbfull()->GetLiveFilesMetaData(&live_files_meta);
ASSERT_EQ(live_files_meta.size(), 5);
uint64_t single_file_size = live_files_meta[0].size;
uint64_t live_sst_files_size = 0;
uint64_t total_sst_files_size = 0;
for (const auto& file_meta : live_files_meta) {
live_sst_files_size += file_meta.size;
}
ASSERT_TRUE(dbfull()->GetIntProperty("rocksdb.total-sst-files-size",
&total_sst_files_size));
// Live SST files = 5
// Total SST files = 5
ASSERT_EQ(live_sst_files_size, 5 * single_file_size);
ASSERT_EQ(total_sst_files_size, 5 * single_file_size);
// hold current version
std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iter1(dbfull()->NewIterator(ReadOptions()));
// Compaction will do trivial move from L0 to L1
ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
ASSERT_EQ("0,5", FilesPerLevel(0));
live_files_meta.clear();
dbfull()->GetLiveFilesMetaData(&live_files_meta);
ASSERT_EQ(live_files_meta.size(), 5);
live_sst_files_size = 0;
total_sst_files_size = 0;
for (const auto& file_meta : live_files_meta) {
live_sst_files_size += file_meta.size;
}
ASSERT_TRUE(dbfull()->GetIntProperty("rocksdb.total-sst-files-size",
&total_sst_files_size));
// Live SST files = 5
// Total SST files = 5 (used in 2 version)
ASSERT_EQ(live_sst_files_size, 5 * single_file_size);
ASSERT_EQ(total_sst_files_size, 5 * single_file_size);
// hold current version
std::unique_ptr<Iterator> iter2(dbfull()->NewIterator(ReadOptions()));
// Delete all keys and compact, this will delete all live files
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
ASSERT_OK(Delete(Key(i)));
}
Flush();
ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
ASSERT_EQ("", FilesPerLevel(0));
live_files_meta.clear();
dbfull()->GetLiveFilesMetaData(&live_files_meta);
ASSERT_EQ(live_files_meta.size(), 0);
ASSERT_TRUE(dbfull()->GetIntProperty("rocksdb.total-sst-files-size",
&total_sst_files_size));
// Live SST files = 0
// Total SST files = 5 (used in 2 version)
ASSERT_EQ(total_sst_files_size, 5 * single_file_size);
iter1.reset();
iter2.reset();
ASSERT_TRUE(dbfull()->GetIntProperty("rocksdb.total-sst-files-size",
&total_sst_files_size));
// Live SST files = 0
// Total SST files = 0
ASSERT_EQ(total_sst_files_size, 0);
}
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, AddExternalSstFile) {
do {
std::string sst_files_folder = test::TmpDir(env_) + "/sst_files/";
env_->CreateDir(sst_files_folder);
Options options = CurrentOptions();
options.env = env_;
SstFileWriter sst_file_writer(EnvOptions(), options, options.comparator);
// file1.sst (0 => 99)
std::string file1 = sst_files_folder + "file1.sst";
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file1));
for (int k = 0; k < 100; k++) {
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Add(Key(k), Key(k) + "_val"));
}
ExternalSstFileInfo file1_info;
Status s = sst_file_writer.Finish(&file1_info);
ASSERT_TRUE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
ASSERT_EQ(file1_info.file_path, file1);
ASSERT_EQ(file1_info.num_entries, 100);
ASSERT_EQ(file1_info.smallest_key, Key(0));
ASSERT_EQ(file1_info.largest_key, Key(99));
// sst_file_writer already finished, cannot add this value
s = sst_file_writer.Add(Key(100), "bad_val");
ASSERT_FALSE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
// file2.sst (100 => 199)
std::string file2 = sst_files_folder + "file2.sst";
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file2));
for (int k = 100; k < 200; k++) {
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Add(Key(k), Key(k) + "_val"));
}
// Cannot add this key because it's not after last added key
s = sst_file_writer.Add(Key(99), "bad_val");
ASSERT_FALSE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
ExternalSstFileInfo file2_info;
s = sst_file_writer.Finish(&file2_info);
ASSERT_TRUE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
ASSERT_EQ(file2_info.file_path, file2);
ASSERT_EQ(file2_info.num_entries, 100);
ASSERT_EQ(file2_info.smallest_key, Key(100));
ASSERT_EQ(file2_info.largest_key, Key(199));
// file3.sst (195 => 299)
// This file values overlap with file2 values
std::string file3 = sst_files_folder + "file3.sst";
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file3));
for (int k = 195; k < 300; k++) {
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Add(Key(k), Key(k) + "_val_overlap"));
}
ExternalSstFileInfo file3_info;
s = sst_file_writer.Finish(&file3_info);
ASSERT_TRUE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
ASSERT_EQ(file3_info.file_path, file3);
ASSERT_EQ(file3_info.num_entries, 105);
ASSERT_EQ(file3_info.smallest_key, Key(195));
ASSERT_EQ(file3_info.largest_key, Key(299));
// file4.sst (30 => 39)
// This file values overlap with file1 values
std::string file4 = sst_files_folder + "file4.sst";
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file4));
for (int k = 30; k < 40; k++) {
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Add(Key(k), Key(k) + "_val_overlap"));
}
ExternalSstFileInfo file4_info;
s = sst_file_writer.Finish(&file4_info);
ASSERT_TRUE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
ASSERT_EQ(file4_info.file_path, file4);
ASSERT_EQ(file4_info.num_entries, 10);
ASSERT_EQ(file4_info.smallest_key, Key(30));
ASSERT_EQ(file4_info.largest_key, Key(39));
// file5.sst (400 => 499)
std::string file5 = sst_files_folder + "file5.sst";
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file5));
for (int k = 400; k < 500; k++) {
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Add(Key(k), Key(k) + "_val"));
}
ExternalSstFileInfo file5_info;
s = sst_file_writer.Finish(&file5_info);
ASSERT_TRUE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
ASSERT_EQ(file5_info.file_path, file5);
ASSERT_EQ(file5_info.num_entries, 100);
ASSERT_EQ(file5_info.smallest_key, Key(400));
ASSERT_EQ(file5_info.largest_key, Key(499));
// Cannot create an empty sst file
std::string file_empty = sst_files_folder + "file_empty.sst";
ExternalSstFileInfo file_empty_info;
s = sst_file_writer.Finish(&file_empty_info);
ASSERT_NOK(s);
DestroyAndReopen(options);
// Add file using file path
s = db_->AddFile(file1);
ASSERT_TRUE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
ASSERT_EQ(db_->GetLatestSequenceNumber(), 0U);
for (int k = 0; k < 100; k++) {
ASSERT_EQ(Get(Key(k)), Key(k) + "_val");
}
// Add file while holding a snapshot will fail
const Snapshot* s1 = db_->GetSnapshot();
if (s1 != nullptr) {
ASSERT_NOK(db_->AddFile(&file2_info));
db_->ReleaseSnapshot(s1);
}
// We can add the file after releaseing the snapshot
ASSERT_OK(db_->AddFile(&file2_info));
ASSERT_EQ(db_->GetLatestSequenceNumber(), 0U);
for (int k = 0; k < 200; k++) {
ASSERT_EQ(Get(Key(k)), Key(k) + "_val");
}
// This file have overlapping values with the exisitng data
s = db_->AddFile(file3);
ASSERT_FALSE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
// This file have overlapping values with the exisitng data
s = db_->AddFile(&file4_info);
ASSERT_FALSE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
// Overwrite values of keys divisible by 5
for (int k = 0; k < 200; k += 5) {
ASSERT_OK(Put(Key(k), Key(k) + "_val_new"));
}
ASSERT_NE(db_->GetLatestSequenceNumber(), 0U);
// Key range of file5 (400 => 499) dont overlap with any keys in DB
ASSERT_OK(db_->AddFile(file5));
// Make sure values are correct before and after flush/compaction
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
for (int k = 0; k < 200; k++) {
std::string value = Key(k) + "_val";
if (k % 5 == 0) {
value += "_new";
}
ASSERT_EQ(Get(Key(k)), value);
}
for (int k = 400; k < 500; k++) {
std::string value = Key(k) + "_val";
ASSERT_EQ(Get(Key(k)), value);
}
ASSERT_OK(Flush());
ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
}
Close();
options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
Reopen(options);
// Delete keys in range (400 => 499)
for (int k = 400; k < 500; k++) {
ASSERT_OK(Delete(Key(k)));
}
// We deleted range (400 => 499) but cannot add file5 because
// of the range tombstones
ASSERT_NOK(db_->AddFile(file5));
// Compacting the DB will remove the tombstones
ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
// Now we can add the file
ASSERT_OK(db_->AddFile(file5));
// Verify values of file5 in DB
for (int k = 400; k < 500; k++) {
std::string value = Key(k) + "_val";
ASSERT_EQ(Get(Key(k)), value);
}
} while (ChangeOptions(kSkipPlainTable | kSkipUniversalCompaction |
kSkipFIFOCompaction));
}
// This test reporduce a bug that can happen in some cases if the DB started
// purging obsolete files when we are adding an external sst file.
// This situation may result in deleting the file while it's being added.
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, AddExternalSstFilePurgeObsoleteFilesBug) {
std::string sst_files_folder = test::TmpDir(env_) + "/sst_files/";
env_->CreateDir(sst_files_folder);
Options options = CurrentOptions();
options.env = env_;
SstFileWriter sst_file_writer(EnvOptions(), options, options.comparator);
// file1.sst (0 => 500)
std::string sst_file_path = sst_files_folder + "file1.sst";
Status s = sst_file_writer.Open(sst_file_path);
ASSERT_OK(s);
for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
std::string k = Key(i);
s = sst_file_writer.Add(k, k + "_val");
ASSERT_OK(s);
}
ExternalSstFileInfo sst_file_info;
s = sst_file_writer.Finish(&sst_file_info);
ASSERT_OK(s);
options.delete_obsolete_files_period_micros = 0;
options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
DestroyAndReopen(options);
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
"DBImpl::AddFile:FileCopied", [&](void* arg) {
ASSERT_OK(Put("aaa", "bbb"));
ASSERT_OK(Flush());
ASSERT_OK(Put("aaa", "xxx"));
ASSERT_OK(Flush());
db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr);
});
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
s = db_->AddFile(sst_file_path);
ASSERT_OK(s);
for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
std::string k = Key(i);
std::string v = k + "_val";
ASSERT_EQ(Get(k), v);
}
rocksdb::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
}
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, AddExternalSstFileNoCopy) {
std::string sst_files_folder = test::TmpDir(env_) + "/sst_files/";
env_->CreateDir(sst_files_folder);
Options options = CurrentOptions();
options.env = env_;
const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
SstFileWriter sst_file_writer(EnvOptions(), options, options.comparator);
// file1.sst (0 => 99)
std::string file1 = sst_files_folder + "file1.sst";
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file1));
for (int k = 0; k < 100; k++) {
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Add(Key(k), Key(k) + "_val"));
}
ExternalSstFileInfo file1_info;
Status s = sst_file_writer.Finish(&file1_info);
ASSERT_TRUE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
ASSERT_EQ(file1_info.file_path, file1);
ASSERT_EQ(file1_info.num_entries, 100);
ASSERT_EQ(file1_info.smallest_key, Key(0));
ASSERT_EQ(file1_info.largest_key, Key(99));
// file2.sst (100 => 299)
std::string file2 = sst_files_folder + "file2.sst";
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file2));
for (int k = 100; k < 300; k++) {
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Add(Key(k), Key(k) + "_val"));
}
ExternalSstFileInfo file2_info;
s = sst_file_writer.Finish(&file2_info);
ASSERT_TRUE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
ASSERT_EQ(file2_info.file_path, file2);
ASSERT_EQ(file2_info.num_entries, 200);
ASSERT_EQ(file2_info.smallest_key, Key(100));
ASSERT_EQ(file2_info.largest_key, Key(299));
// file3.sst (110 => 124) .. overlap with file2.sst
std::string file3 = sst_files_folder + "file3.sst";
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file3));
for (int k = 110; k < 125; k++) {
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Add(Key(k), Key(k) + "_val_overlap"));
}
ExternalSstFileInfo file3_info;
s = sst_file_writer.Finish(&file3_info);
ASSERT_TRUE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
ASSERT_EQ(file3_info.file_path, file3);
ASSERT_EQ(file3_info.num_entries, 15);
ASSERT_EQ(file3_info.smallest_key, Key(110));
ASSERT_EQ(file3_info.largest_key, Key(124));
s = db_->AddFile(&file1_info, true /* move file */);
ASSERT_TRUE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
ASSERT_EQ(Status::NotFound(), env_->FileExists(file1));
s = db_->AddFile(&file2_info, false /* copy file */);
ASSERT_TRUE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
ASSERT_OK(env_->FileExists(file2));
// This file have overlapping values with the exisitng data
s = db_->AddFile(&file3_info, true /* move file */);
ASSERT_FALSE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
ASSERT_OK(env_->FileExists(file3));
for (int k = 0; k < 300; k++) {
ASSERT_EQ(Get(Key(k)), Key(k) + "_val");
}
}
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, AddExternalSstFileMultiThreaded) {
std::string sst_files_folder = test::TmpDir(env_) + "/sst_files/";
// Bulk load 10 files every file contain 1000 keys
int num_files = 10;
int keys_per_file = 1000;
// Generate file names
std::vector<std::string> file_names;
for (int i = 0; i < num_files; i++) {
std::string file_name = "file_" + ToString(i) + ".sst";
file_names.push_back(sst_files_folder + file_name);
}
do {
env_->CreateDir(sst_files_folder);
Options options = CurrentOptions();
std::atomic<int> thread_num(0);
std::function<void()> write_file_func = [&]() {
int file_idx = thread_num.fetch_add(1);
int range_start = file_idx * keys_per_file;
int range_end = range_start + keys_per_file;
SstFileWriter sst_file_writer(EnvOptions(), options, options.comparator);
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file_names[file_idx]));
for (int k = range_start; k < range_end; k++) {
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Add(Key(k), Key(k)));
}
Status s = sst_file_writer.Finish();
ASSERT_TRUE(s.ok()) << s.ToString();
};
// Write num_files files in parallel
std::vector<std::thread> sst_writer_threads;
for (int i = 0; i < num_files; ++i) {
sst_writer_threads.emplace_back(write_file_func);
}
for (auto& t : sst_writer_threads) {
t.join();
}
fprintf(stderr, "Wrote %d files (%d keys)\n", num_files,
num_files * keys_per_file);
thread_num.store(0);
std::atomic<int> files_added(0);
std::function<void()> load_file_func = [&]() {
// We intentionally add every file twice, and assert that it was added
// only once and the other add failed
int thread_id = thread_num.fetch_add(1);
int file_idx = thread_id / 2;
// sometimes we use copy, sometimes link .. the result should be the same
bool move_file = (thread_id % 3 == 0);
Status s = db_->AddFile(file_names[file_idx], move_file);
if (s.ok()) {
files_added++;
}
};
// Bulk load num_files files in parallel
std::vector<std::thread> add_file_threads;
DestroyAndReopen(options);
for (int i = 0; i < num_files * 2; ++i) {
add_file_threads.emplace_back(load_file_func);
}
for (auto& t : add_file_threads) {
t.join();
}
ASSERT_EQ(files_added.load(), num_files);
fprintf(stderr, "Loaded %d files (%d keys)\n", num_files,
num_files * keys_per_file);
// Overwrite values of keys divisible by 100
for (int k = 0; k < num_files * keys_per_file; k += 100) {
std::string key = Key(k);
Status s = Put(key, key + "_new");
ASSERT_TRUE(s.ok());
}
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
// Make sure the values are correct before and after flush/compaction
for (int k = 0; k < num_files * keys_per_file; ++k) {
std::string key = Key(k);
std::string value = (k % 100 == 0) ? (key + "_new") : key;
ASSERT_EQ(Get(key), value);
}
ASSERT_OK(Flush());
ASSERT_OK(db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr));
}
fprintf(stderr, "Verified %d values\n", num_files * keys_per_file);
} while (ChangeOptions(kSkipPlainTable | kSkipUniversalCompaction |
kSkipFIFOCompaction));
}
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, AddExternalSstFileOverlappingRanges) {
std::string sst_files_folder = test::TmpDir(env_) + "/sst_files/";
Random rnd(301);
do {
env_->CreateDir(sst_files_folder);
Options options = CurrentOptions();
DestroyAndReopen(options);
SstFileWriter sst_file_writer(EnvOptions(), options, options.comparator);
printf("Option config = %d\n", option_config_);
std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> key_ranges;
for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
int range_start = rnd.Uniform(20000);
int keys_per_range = 10 + rnd.Uniform(41);
key_ranges.emplace_back(range_start, range_start + keys_per_range);
}
int memtable_add = 0;
int success_add_file = 0;
int failed_add_file = 0;
std::map<std::string, std::string> true_data;
for (size_t i = 0; i < key_ranges.size(); i++) {
int range_start = key_ranges[i].first;
int range_end = key_ranges[i].second;
Status s;
std::string range_val = "range_" + ToString(i);
// For 20% of ranges we use DB::Put, for 80% we use DB::AddFile
if (i && i % 5 == 0) {
// Use DB::Put to insert range (insert into memtable)
range_val += "_put";
for (int k = range_start; k <= range_end; k++) {
s = Put(Key(k), range_val);
ASSERT_OK(s);
}
memtable_add++;
} else {
// Use DB::AddFile to insert range
range_val += "_add_file";
// Generate the file containing the range
std::string file_name = sst_files_folder + env_->GenerateUniqueId();
ASSERT_OK(sst_file_writer.Open(file_name));
for (int k = range_start; k <= range_end; k++) {
s = sst_file_writer.Add(Key(k), range_val);
ASSERT_OK(s);
}
ExternalSstFileInfo file_info;
s = sst_file_writer.Finish(&file_info);
ASSERT_OK(s);
// Insert the generated file
s = db_->AddFile(&file_info);
auto it = true_data.lower_bound(Key(range_start));
if (it != true_data.end() && it->first <= Key(range_end)) {
// This range overlap with data already exist in DB
ASSERT_NOK(s);
failed_add_file++;
} else {
ASSERT_OK(s);
success_add_file++;
}
}
if (s.ok()) {
// Update true_data map to include the new inserted data
for (int k = range_start; k <= range_end; k++) {
true_data[Key(k)] = range_val;
}
}
// Flush / Compact the DB
if (i && i % 50 == 0) {
Flush();
}
if (i && i % 75 == 0) {
db_->CompactRange(CompactRangeOptions(), nullptr, nullptr);
}
}
printf(
"Total: %zu ranges\n"
"AddFile()|Success: %d ranges\n"
"AddFile()|RangeConflict: %d ranges\n"
"Put(): %d ranges\n",
key_ranges.size(), success_add_file, failed_add_file, memtable_add);
// Verify the correctness of the data
for (const auto& kv : true_data) {
ASSERT_EQ(Get(kv.first), kv.second);
}
printf("keys/values verified\n");
} while (ChangeOptions(kSkipPlainTable | kSkipUniversalCompaction |
kSkipFIFOCompaction));
}
#endif // ROCKSDB_LITE
// 1 Create some SST files by inserting K-V pairs into DB
// 2 Close DB and change suffix from ".sst" to ".ldb" for every other SST file
// 3 Open DB and check if all key can be read
TEST_F(DBSSTTest, SSTsWithLdbSuffixHandling) {
Options options = CurrentOptions();
options.write_buffer_size = 110 << 10; // 110KB
options.num_levels = 4;
DestroyAndReopen(options);
Random rnd(301);
int key_id = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
GenerateNewFile(&rnd, &key_id, false);
}
Flush();
Close();
int const num_files = GetSstFileCount(dbname_);
ASSERT_GT(num_files, 0);
std::vector<std::string> filenames;
GetSstFiles(dbname_, &filenames);
int num_ldb_files = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < filenames.size(); ++i) {
if (i & 1) {
continue;
}
std::string const rdb_name = dbname_ + "/" + filenames[i];
std::string const ldb_name = Rocks2LevelTableFileName(rdb_name);
ASSERT_TRUE(env_->RenameFile(rdb_name, ldb_name).ok());
++num_ldb_files;
}
ASSERT_GT(num_ldb_files, 0);
ASSERT_EQ(num_files, GetSstFileCount(dbname_));
Reopen(options);
for (int k = 0; k < key_id; ++k) {
ASSERT_NE("NOT_FOUND", Get(Key(k)));
}
Destroy(options);
}
} // namespace rocksdb
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
rocksdb::port::InstallStackTraceHandler();
::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}
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