rocksdb/utilities/transactions/write_committed_transaction_ts_test.cc
Yanqin Jin 3e02c6e05a Point-lookup returns timestamps of Delete and SingleDelete (#10056)
Summary:
If caller specifies a non-null `timestamp` argument in `DB::Get()` or a non-null `timestamps` in `DB::MultiGet()`,
RocksDB will return the timestamps of the point tombstones.

Note: DeleteRange is still unsupported.

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/10056

Test Plan: make check

Reviewed By: ltamasi

Differential Revision: D36677956

Pulled By: riversand963

fbshipit-source-id: 2d7af02cc7237b1829cd269086ea895a49d501ae
2022-06-03 20:00:42 -07:00

578 lines
19 KiB
C++

// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
// This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
// COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
// (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
#include "rocksdb/db.h"
#include "rocksdb/options.h"
#include "rocksdb/utilities/transaction_db.h"
#include "utilities/merge_operators.h"
#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
#include "test_util/testutil.h"
#include "utilities/transactions/transaction_test.h"
namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
DBAsBaseDB, WriteCommittedTxnWithTsTest,
::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(false, /*two_write_queue=*/false,
/*enable_indexing=*/false),
std::make_tuple(false, /*two_write_queue=*/true,
/*enable_indexing=*/false),
std::make_tuple(false, /*two_write_queue=*/false,
/*enable_indexing=*/true),
std::make_tuple(false, /*two_write_queue=*/true,
/*enable_indexing=*/true)));
INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
DBAsStackableDB, WriteCommittedTxnWithTsTest,
::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(true, /*two_write_queue=*/false,
/*enable_indexing=*/false),
std::make_tuple(true, /*two_write_queue=*/true,
/*enable_indexing=*/false),
std::make_tuple(true, /*two_write_queue=*/false,
/*enable_indexing=*/true),
std::make_tuple(true, /*two_write_queue=*/true,
/*enable_indexing=*/true)));
TEST_P(WriteCommittedTxnWithTsTest, SanityChecks) {
ASSERT_OK(ReOpenNoDelete());
ColumnFamilyOptions cf_opts;
cf_opts.comparator = test::BytewiseComparatorWithU64TsWrapper();
const std::string test_cf_name = "test_cf";
ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = nullptr;
assert(db);
ASSERT_OK(db->CreateColumnFamily(cf_opts, test_cf_name, &cfh));
delete cfh;
cfh = nullptr;
std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> cf_descs;
cf_descs.emplace_back(kDefaultColumnFamilyName, options);
cf_descs.emplace_back(test_cf_name, cf_opts);
ASSERT_OK(ReOpenNoDelete(cf_descs, &handles_));
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn(
NewTxn(WriteOptions(), TransactionOptions()));
assert(txn);
ASSERT_OK(txn->Put(handles_[1], "foo", "value"));
ASSERT_TRUE(txn->Commit().IsInvalidArgument());
auto* pessimistic_txn =
static_cast_with_check<PessimisticTransaction>(txn.get());
ASSERT_TRUE(
pessimistic_txn->CommitBatch(/*batch=*/nullptr).IsInvalidArgument());
{
WriteBatchWithIndex* wbwi = txn->GetWriteBatch();
assert(wbwi);
WriteBatch* wb = wbwi->GetWriteBatch();
assert(wb);
// Write a key to the batch for nonexisting cf.
ASSERT_OK(WriteBatchInternal::Put(wb, /*column_family_id=*/10, /*key=*/"",
/*value=*/""));
}
ASSERT_OK(txn->SetCommitTimestamp(20));
ASSERT_TRUE(txn->Commit().IsInvalidArgument());
txn.reset();
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn1(
NewTxn(WriteOptions(), TransactionOptions()));
assert(txn1);
ASSERT_OK(txn1->SetName("txn1"));
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Put(handles_[1], "foo", "value"));
{
WriteBatchWithIndex* wbwi = txn1->GetWriteBatch();
assert(wbwi);
WriteBatch* wb = wbwi->GetWriteBatch();
assert(wb);
// Write a key to the batch for non-existing cf.
ASSERT_OK(WriteBatchInternal::Put(wb, /*column_family_id=*/10, /*key=*/"",
/*value=*/""));
}
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Prepare());
ASSERT_OK(txn1->SetCommitTimestamp(21));
ASSERT_TRUE(txn1->Commit().IsInvalidArgument());
txn1.reset();
}
TEST_P(WriteCommittedTxnWithTsTest, ReOpenWithTimestamp) {
options.merge_operator = MergeOperators::CreateUInt64AddOperator();
ASSERT_OK(ReOpenNoDelete());
ColumnFamilyOptions cf_opts;
cf_opts.comparator = test::BytewiseComparatorWithU64TsWrapper();
const std::string test_cf_name = "test_cf";
ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = nullptr;
assert(db);
ASSERT_OK(db->CreateColumnFamily(cf_opts, test_cf_name, &cfh));
delete cfh;
cfh = nullptr;
std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> cf_descs;
cf_descs.emplace_back(kDefaultColumnFamilyName, options);
cf_descs.emplace_back(test_cf_name, cf_opts);
ASSERT_OK(ReOpenNoDelete(cf_descs, &handles_));
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn0(
NewTxn(WriteOptions(), TransactionOptions()));
assert(txn0);
ASSERT_OK(txn0->Put(handles_[1], "foo", "value"));
ASSERT_OK(txn0->SetName("txn0"));
ASSERT_OK(txn0->Prepare());
ASSERT_TRUE(txn0->Commit().IsInvalidArgument());
txn0.reset();
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn1(
NewTxn(WriteOptions(), TransactionOptions()));
assert(txn1);
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Put(handles_[1], "foo", "value1"));
{
std::string buf;
PutFixed64(&buf, 23);
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Put("id", buf));
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Merge("id", buf));
}
ASSERT_OK(txn1->SetName("txn1"));
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Prepare());
ASSERT_OK(txn1->SetCommitTimestamp(/*ts=*/23));
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Commit());
txn1.reset();
{
std::string value;
const Status s =
GetFromDb(ReadOptions(), handles_[1], "foo", /*ts=*/23, &value);
ASSERT_OK(s);
ASSERT_EQ("value1", value);
}
{
std::string value;
const Status s = db->Get(ReadOptions(), handles_[0], "id", &value);
ASSERT_OK(s);
uint64_t ival = 0;
Slice value_slc = value;
bool result = GetFixed64(&value_slc, &ival);
assert(result);
ASSERT_EQ(46, ival);
}
}
TEST_P(WriteCommittedTxnWithTsTest, RecoverFromWal) {
ASSERT_OK(ReOpenNoDelete());
ColumnFamilyOptions cf_opts;
cf_opts.comparator = test::BytewiseComparatorWithU64TsWrapper();
const std::string test_cf_name = "test_cf";
ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = nullptr;
assert(db);
ASSERT_OK(db->CreateColumnFamily(cf_opts, test_cf_name, &cfh));
delete cfh;
cfh = nullptr;
std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> cf_descs;
cf_descs.emplace_back(kDefaultColumnFamilyName, options);
cf_descs.emplace_back(test_cf_name, cf_opts);
options.avoid_flush_during_shutdown = true;
ASSERT_OK(ReOpenNoDelete(cf_descs, &handles_));
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn0(
NewTxn(WriteOptions(), TransactionOptions()));
assert(txn0);
ASSERT_OK(txn0->Put(handles_[1], "foo", "foo_value"));
ASSERT_OK(txn0->SetName("txn0"));
ASSERT_OK(txn0->Prepare());
WriteOptions write_opts;
write_opts.sync = true;
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn1(NewTxn(write_opts, TransactionOptions()));
assert(txn1);
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Put("bar", "bar_value_1"));
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Put(handles_[1], "bar", "bar_value_1"));
ASSERT_OK(txn1->SetName("txn1"));
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Prepare());
ASSERT_OK(txn1->SetCommitTimestamp(/*ts=*/23));
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Commit());
txn1.reset();
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn2(NewTxn(write_opts, TransactionOptions()));
assert(txn2);
ASSERT_OK(txn2->Put("key1", "value_3"));
ASSERT_OK(txn2->Put(handles_[1], "key1", "value_3"));
ASSERT_OK(txn2->SetCommitTimestamp(/*ts=*/24));
ASSERT_OK(txn2->Commit());
txn2.reset();
txn0.reset();
ASSERT_OK(ReOpenNoDelete(cf_descs, &handles_));
{
std::string value;
Status s = GetFromDb(ReadOptions(), handles_[1], "foo", /*ts=*/23, &value);
ASSERT_TRUE(s.IsNotFound());
s = db->Get(ReadOptions(), handles_[0], "bar", &value);
ASSERT_OK(s);
ASSERT_EQ("bar_value_1", value);
value.clear();
s = GetFromDb(ReadOptions(), handles_[1], "bar", /*ts=*/23, &value);
ASSERT_OK(s);
ASSERT_EQ("bar_value_1", value);
s = GetFromDb(ReadOptions(), handles_[1], "key1", /*ts=*/23, &value);
ASSERT_TRUE(s.IsNotFound());
s = db->Get(ReadOptions(), handles_[0], "key1", &value);
ASSERT_OK(s);
ASSERT_EQ("value_3", value);
s = GetFromDb(ReadOptions(), handles_[1], "key1", /*ts=*/24, &value);
ASSERT_OK(s);
ASSERT_EQ("value_3", value);
}
}
TEST_P(WriteCommittedTxnWithTsTest, TransactionDbLevelApi) {
ASSERT_OK(ReOpenNoDelete());
ColumnFamilyOptions cf_options;
cf_options.merge_operator = MergeOperators::CreateStringAppendOperator();
cf_options.comparator = test::BytewiseComparatorWithU64TsWrapper();
const std::string test_cf_name = "test_cf";
ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = nullptr;
assert(db);
ASSERT_OK(db->CreateColumnFamily(cf_options, test_cf_name, &cfh));
delete cfh;
cfh = nullptr;
std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> cf_descs;
cf_descs.emplace_back(kDefaultColumnFamilyName, options);
cf_descs.emplace_back(test_cf_name, cf_options);
ASSERT_OK(ReOpenNoDelete(cf_descs, &handles_));
std::string key_str = "tes_key";
std::string ts_str;
std::string value_str = "test_value";
PutFixed64(&ts_str, 100);
Slice value = value_str;
assert(db);
ASSERT_TRUE(
db->Put(WriteOptions(), handles_[1], "foo", "bar").IsNotSupported());
ASSERT_TRUE(db->Delete(WriteOptions(), handles_[1], "foo").IsNotSupported());
ASSERT_TRUE(
db->SingleDelete(WriteOptions(), handles_[1], "foo").IsNotSupported());
ASSERT_TRUE(
db->Merge(WriteOptions(), handles_[1], "foo", "+1").IsNotSupported());
WriteBatch wb1(/*reserved_bytes=*/0, /*max_bytes=*/0,
/*protection_bytes_per_key=*/0, /*default_cf_ts_sz=*/0);
ASSERT_OK(wb1.Put(handles_[1], key_str, ts_str, value));
ASSERT_TRUE(db->Write(WriteOptions(), &wb1).IsNotSupported());
ASSERT_TRUE(db->Write(WriteOptions(), TransactionDBWriteOptimizations(), &wb1)
.IsNotSupported());
auto* pessimistic_txn_db =
static_cast_with_check<PessimisticTransactionDB>(db);
assert(pessimistic_txn_db);
ASSERT_TRUE(
pessimistic_txn_db->WriteWithConcurrencyControl(WriteOptions(), &wb1)
.IsNotSupported());
ASSERT_OK(db->Put(WriteOptions(), "foo", "value"));
ASSERT_OK(db->Put(WriteOptions(), "bar", "value"));
ASSERT_OK(db->Delete(WriteOptions(), "bar"));
ASSERT_OK(db->SingleDelete(WriteOptions(), "foo"));
ASSERT_OK(db->Put(WriteOptions(), "key", "value"));
ASSERT_OK(db->Merge(WriteOptions(), "key", "_more"));
WriteBatch wb2(/*reserved_bytes=*/0, /*max_bytes=*/0,
/*protection_bytes_per_key=*/0, /*default_cf_ts_sz=*/0);
ASSERT_OK(wb2.Put(key_str, value));
ASSERT_OK(db->Write(WriteOptions(), &wb2));
ASSERT_OK(db->Write(WriteOptions(), TransactionDBWriteOptimizations(), &wb2));
ASSERT_OK(
pessimistic_txn_db->WriteWithConcurrencyControl(WriteOptions(), &wb2));
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn(
NewTxn(WriteOptions(), TransactionOptions()));
assert(txn);
WriteBatch wb3(/*reserved_bytes=*/0, /*max_bytes=*/0,
/*protection_bytes_per_key=*/0, /*default_cf_ts_sz=*/0);
ASSERT_OK(wb3.Put(handles_[1], "key", "value"));
auto* pessimistic_txn =
static_cast_with_check<PessimisticTransaction>(txn.get());
assert(pessimistic_txn);
ASSERT_TRUE(pessimistic_txn->CommitBatch(&wb3).IsNotSupported());
txn.reset();
}
TEST_P(WriteCommittedTxnWithTsTest, Merge) {
options.merge_operator = MergeOperators::CreateStringAppendOperator();
ASSERT_OK(ReOpenNoDelete());
ColumnFamilyOptions cf_options;
cf_options.comparator = test::BytewiseComparatorWithU64TsWrapper();
const std::string test_cf_name = "test_cf";
ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = nullptr;
assert(db);
ASSERT_OK(db->CreateColumnFamily(cf_options, test_cf_name, &cfh));
delete cfh;
cfh = nullptr;
std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> cf_descs;
cf_descs.emplace_back(kDefaultColumnFamilyName, options);
cf_descs.emplace_back(test_cf_name, Options(DBOptions(), cf_options));
options.avoid_flush_during_shutdown = true;
ASSERT_OK(ReOpenNoDelete(cf_descs, &handles_));
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn(
NewTxn(WriteOptions(), TransactionOptions()));
assert(txn);
ASSERT_OK(txn->Put(handles_[1], "foo", "bar"));
ASSERT_TRUE(txn->Merge(handles_[1], "foo", "1").IsInvalidArgument());
txn.reset();
}
TEST_P(WriteCommittedTxnWithTsTest, GetForUpdate) {
ASSERT_OK(ReOpenNoDelete());
ColumnFamilyOptions cf_options;
cf_options.comparator = test::BytewiseComparatorWithU64TsWrapper();
const std::string test_cf_name = "test_cf";
ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = nullptr;
assert(db);
ASSERT_OK(db->CreateColumnFamily(cf_options, test_cf_name, &cfh));
delete cfh;
cfh = nullptr;
std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> cf_descs;
cf_descs.emplace_back(kDefaultColumnFamilyName, options);
cf_descs.emplace_back(test_cf_name, Options(DBOptions(), cf_options));
options.avoid_flush_during_shutdown = true;
ASSERT_OK(ReOpenNoDelete(cf_descs, &handles_));
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn0(
NewTxn(WriteOptions(), TransactionOptions()));
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn1(
NewTxn(WriteOptions(), TransactionOptions()));
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Put(handles_[1], "key", "value1"));
ASSERT_OK(txn1->SetCommitTimestamp(24));
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Commit());
txn1.reset();
std::string value;
ASSERT_OK(txn0->SetReadTimestampForValidation(23));
ASSERT_TRUE(
txn0->GetForUpdate(ReadOptions(), handles_[1], "key", &value).IsBusy());
ASSERT_OK(txn0->Rollback());
txn0.reset();
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn2(
NewTxn(WriteOptions(), TransactionOptions()));
ASSERT_OK(txn2->SetReadTimestampForValidation(25));
ASSERT_OK(txn2->GetForUpdate(ReadOptions(), handles_[1], "key", &value));
ASSERT_OK(txn2->SetCommitTimestamp(26));
ASSERT_OK(txn2->Commit());
txn2.reset();
}
TEST_P(WriteCommittedTxnWithTsTest, BlindWrite) {
ASSERT_OK(ReOpenNoDelete());
ColumnFamilyOptions cf_options;
cf_options.comparator = test::BytewiseComparatorWithU64TsWrapper();
const std::string test_cf_name = "test_cf";
ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = nullptr;
assert(db);
ASSERT_OK(db->CreateColumnFamily(cf_options, test_cf_name, &cfh));
delete cfh;
cfh = nullptr;
std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> cf_descs;
cf_descs.emplace_back(kDefaultColumnFamilyName, options);
cf_descs.emplace_back(test_cf_name, Options(DBOptions(), cf_options));
options.avoid_flush_during_shutdown = true;
ASSERT_OK(ReOpenNoDelete(cf_descs, &handles_));
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn0(
NewTxn(WriteOptions(), TransactionOptions()));
assert(txn0);
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn1(
NewTxn(WriteOptions(), TransactionOptions()));
assert(txn1);
{
std::string value;
ASSERT_OK(txn0->SetReadTimestampForValidation(100));
// Lock "key".
ASSERT_TRUE(txn0->GetForUpdate(ReadOptions(), handles_[1], "key", &value)
.IsNotFound());
}
ASSERT_OK(txn0->Put(handles_[1], "key", "value0"));
ASSERT_OK(txn0->SetCommitTimestamp(101));
ASSERT_OK(txn0->Commit());
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Put(handles_[1], "key", "value1"));
// In reality, caller needs to ensure commit_ts of txn1 is greater than the
// commit_ts of txn0, which is true for lock-based concurrency control.
ASSERT_OK(txn1->SetCommitTimestamp(102));
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Commit());
txn0.reset();
txn1.reset();
}
TEST_P(WriteCommittedTxnWithTsTest, RefineReadTimestamp) {
ASSERT_OK(ReOpenNoDelete());
ColumnFamilyOptions cf_options;
cf_options.comparator = test::BytewiseComparatorWithU64TsWrapper();
const std::string test_cf_name = "test_cf";
ColumnFamilyHandle* cfh = nullptr;
assert(db);
ASSERT_OK(db->CreateColumnFamily(cf_options, test_cf_name, &cfh));
delete cfh;
cfh = nullptr;
std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> cf_descs;
cf_descs.emplace_back(kDefaultColumnFamilyName, options);
cf_descs.emplace_back(test_cf_name, Options(DBOptions(), cf_options));
options.avoid_flush_during_shutdown = true;
ASSERT_OK(ReOpenNoDelete(cf_descs, &handles_));
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn0(
NewTxn(WriteOptions(), TransactionOptions()));
assert(txn0);
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn1(
NewTxn(WriteOptions(), TransactionOptions()));
assert(txn1);
{
ASSERT_OK(txn0->SetReadTimestampForValidation(100));
// Lock "key0", "key1", ..., "key4".
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
std::string value;
ASSERT_TRUE(txn0->GetForUpdate(ReadOptions(), handles_[1],
"key" + std::to_string(i), &value)
.IsNotFound());
}
}
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Put(handles_[1], "key5", "value5_0"));
ASSERT_OK(txn1->SetName("txn1"));
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Prepare());
ASSERT_OK(txn1->SetCommitTimestamp(101));
ASSERT_OK(txn1->Commit());
txn1.reset();
{
std::string value;
ASSERT_TRUE(txn0->GetForUpdate(ReadOptions(), handles_[1], "key5", &value)
.IsBusy());
ASSERT_OK(txn0->SetReadTimestampForValidation(102));
ASSERT_OK(txn0->GetForUpdate(ReadOptions(), handles_[1], "key5", &value));
ASSERT_EQ("value5_0", value);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
ASSERT_OK(txn0->Put(handles_[1], "key" + std::to_string(i),
"value" + std::to_string(i)));
}
ASSERT_OK(txn0->SetName("txn0"));
ASSERT_OK(txn0->Prepare());
ASSERT_OK(txn0->SetCommitTimestamp(103));
ASSERT_OK(txn0->Commit());
txn0.reset();
}
TEST_P(WriteCommittedTxnWithTsTest, CheckKeysForConflicts) {
options.comparator = test::BytewiseComparatorWithU64TsWrapper();
ASSERT_OK(ReOpen());
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn1(
db->BeginTransaction(WriteOptions(), TransactionOptions()));
assert(txn1);
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn2(
db->BeginTransaction(WriteOptions(), TransactionOptions()));
assert(txn2);
ASSERT_OK(txn2->Put("foo", "v0"));
ASSERT_OK(txn2->SetCommitTimestamp(10));
ASSERT_OK(txn2->Commit());
txn2.reset();
// txn1 takes a snapshot after txn2 commits. The writes of txn2 have
// a smaller seqno than txn1's snapshot, thus should not affect conflict
// checking.
txn1->SetSnapshot();
std::unique_ptr<Transaction> txn3(
db->BeginTransaction(WriteOptions(), TransactionOptions()));
assert(txn3);
ASSERT_OK(txn3->SetReadTimestampForValidation(20));
std::string dontcare;
ASSERT_OK(txn3->GetForUpdate(ReadOptions(), "foo", &dontcare));
ASSERT_OK(txn3->SingleDelete("foo"));
ASSERT_OK(txn3->SetName("txn3"));
ASSERT_OK(txn3->Prepare());
ASSERT_OK(txn3->SetCommitTimestamp(30));
// txn3 reads at ts=20 > txn2's commit timestamp, and commits at ts=30.
// txn3 can commit successfully, leaving a tombstone with ts=30.
ASSERT_OK(txn3->Commit());
txn3.reset();
bool called = false;
SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
"DBImpl::GetLatestSequenceForKey:mem", [&](void* arg) {
auto* const ts_ptr = reinterpret_cast<std::string*>(arg);
assert(ts_ptr);
Slice ts_slc = *ts_ptr;
uint64_t last_ts = 0;
ASSERT_TRUE(GetFixed64(&ts_slc, &last_ts));
ASSERT_EQ(30, last_ts);
called = true;
});
SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
// txn1's read timestamp is 25 < 30 (commit timestamp of txn3). Therefore,
// the tombstone written by txn3 causes the conflict checking to fail.
ASSERT_OK(txn1->SetReadTimestampForValidation(25));
ASSERT_TRUE(txn1->GetForUpdate(ReadOptions(), "foo", &dontcare).IsBusy());
ASSERT_TRUE(called);
SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();
}
} // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}
#else
#include <cstdio>
int main(int /*argc*/, char** /*argv*/) {
fprintf(stderr, "SKIPPED as Transactions not supported in ROCKSDB_LITE\n");
return 0;
}
#endif // ROCKSDB_LITE