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rocksdb/db/merge_helper_test.cc
Andrew Kryczka 6fbe96baf8 Compaction Support for Range Deletion 
Summary:
This diff introduces RangeDelAggregator, which takes ownership of iterators
provided to it via AddTombstones(). The tombstones are organized in a two-level
map (snapshot stripe -> begin key -> tombstone). Tombstone creation avoids data
copy by holding Slices returned by the iterator, which remain valid thanks to pinning.

For compaction, we create a hierarchical range tombstone iterator with structure
matching the iterator over compaction input data. An aggregator based on that
iterator is used by CompactionIterator to determine which keys are covered by
range tombstones. In case of merge operand, the same aggregator is used by
MergeHelper. Upon finishing each file in the compaction, relevant range tombstones
are added to the output file's range tombstone metablock and file boundaries are
updated accordingly.

To check whether a key is covered by range tombstone, RangeDelAggregator::ShouldDelete()
considers tombstones in the key's snapshot stripe. When this function is used outside of
compaction, it also checks newer stripes, which can contain covering tombstones. Currently
the intra-stripe check involves a linear scan; however, in the future we plan to collapse ranges
within a stripe such that binary search can be used.

RangeDelAggregator::AddToBuilder() adds all range tombstones in the table's key-range
to a new table's range tombstone meta-block. Since range tombstones may fall in the gap
between files, we may need to extend some files' key-ranges. The strategy is (1) first file
extends as far left as possible and other files do not extend left, (2) all files extend right
until either the start of the next file or the end of the last range tombstone in the gap,
whichever comes first.

One other notable change is adding release/move semantics to ScopedArenaIterator
such that it can be used to transfer ownership of an arena-allocated iterator, similar to
how unique_ptr is used for malloc'd data.

Depends on D61473

Test Plan: compaction_iterator_test, mock_table, end-to-end tests in D63927

Reviewers: sdong, IslamAbdelRahman, wanning, yhchiang, lightmark

Reviewed By: lightmark

Subscribers: andrewkr, dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D62205
2016-10-18 12:04:56 -07:00

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// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
// This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
// LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
// of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "db/merge_helper.h"
#include "rocksdb/comparator.h"
#include "util/coding.h"
#include "util/testharness.h"
#include "util/testutil.h"
#include "utilities/merge_operators.h"
namespace rocksdb {
class MergeHelperTest : public testing::Test {
public:
MergeHelperTest() { env_ = Env::Default(); }
~MergeHelperTest() = default;
Status Run(SequenceNumber stop_before, bool at_bottom,
SequenceNumber latest_snapshot = 0) {
iter_.reset(new test::VectorIterator(ks_, vs_));
iter_->SeekToFirst();
merge_helper_.reset(new MergeHelper(env_, BytewiseComparator(),
merge_op_.get(), filter_.get(), nullptr,
2U, false, latest_snapshot));
return merge_helper_->MergeUntil(iter_.get(), nullptr /* range_del_agg */,
stop_before, at_bottom);
}
void AddKeyVal(const std::string& user_key, const SequenceNumber& seq,
const ValueType& t, const std::string& val,
bool corrupt = false) {
InternalKey ikey(user_key, seq, t);
if (corrupt) {
test::CorruptKeyType(&ikey);
}
ks_.push_back(ikey.Encode().ToString());
vs_.push_back(val);
}
Env* env_;
std::unique_ptr<test::VectorIterator> iter_;
std::shared_ptr<MergeOperator> merge_op_;
std::unique_ptr<MergeHelper> merge_helper_;
std::vector<std::string> ks_;
std::vector<std::string> vs_;
std::unique_ptr<test::FilterNumber> filter_;
};
// If MergeHelper encounters a new key on the last level, we know that
// the key has no more history and it can merge keys.
TEST_F(MergeHelperTest, MergeAtBottomSuccess) {
merge_op_ = MergeOperators::CreateUInt64AddOperator();
AddKeyVal("a", 20, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(1U));
AddKeyVal("a", 10, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(3U));
AddKeyVal("b", 10, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(4U)); // <- iter_ after merge
ASSERT_TRUE(Run(0, true).ok());
ASSERT_EQ(ks_[2], iter_->key());
ASSERT_EQ(test::KeyStr("a", 20, kTypeValue), merge_helper_->keys()[0]);
ASSERT_EQ(test::EncodeInt(4U), merge_helper_->values()[0]);
ASSERT_EQ(1U, merge_helper_->keys().size());
ASSERT_EQ(1U, merge_helper_->values().size());
}
// Merging with a value results in a successful merge.
TEST_F(MergeHelperTest, MergeValue) {
merge_op_ = MergeOperators::CreateUInt64AddOperator();
AddKeyVal("a", 40, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(1U));
AddKeyVal("a", 30, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(3U));
AddKeyVal("a", 20, kTypeValue, test::EncodeInt(4U)); // <- iter_ after merge
AddKeyVal("a", 10, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(1U));
ASSERT_TRUE(Run(0, false).ok());
ASSERT_EQ(ks_[3], iter_->key());
ASSERT_EQ(test::KeyStr("a", 40, kTypeValue), merge_helper_->keys()[0]);
ASSERT_EQ(test::EncodeInt(8U), merge_helper_->values()[0]);
ASSERT_EQ(1U, merge_helper_->keys().size());
ASSERT_EQ(1U, merge_helper_->values().size());
}
// Merging stops before a snapshot.
TEST_F(MergeHelperTest, SnapshotBeforeValue) {
merge_op_ = MergeOperators::CreateUInt64AddOperator();
AddKeyVal("a", 50, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(1U));
AddKeyVal("a", 40, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(3U)); // <- iter_ after merge
AddKeyVal("a", 30, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(1U));
AddKeyVal("a", 20, kTypeValue, test::EncodeInt(4U));
AddKeyVal("a", 10, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(1U));
ASSERT_TRUE(Run(31, true).IsMergeInProgress());
ASSERT_EQ(ks_[2], iter_->key());
ASSERT_EQ(test::KeyStr("a", 50, kTypeMerge), merge_helper_->keys()[0]);
ASSERT_EQ(test::EncodeInt(4U), merge_helper_->values()[0]);
ASSERT_EQ(1U, merge_helper_->keys().size());
ASSERT_EQ(1U, merge_helper_->values().size());
}
// MergeHelper preserves the operand stack for merge operators that
// cannot do a partial merge.
TEST_F(MergeHelperTest, NoPartialMerge) {
merge_op_ = MergeOperators::CreateStringAppendTESTOperator();
AddKeyVal("a", 50, kTypeMerge, "v2");
AddKeyVal("a", 40, kTypeMerge, "v"); // <- iter_ after merge
AddKeyVal("a", 30, kTypeMerge, "v");
ASSERT_TRUE(Run(31, true).IsMergeInProgress());
ASSERT_EQ(ks_[2], iter_->key());
ASSERT_EQ(test::KeyStr("a", 40, kTypeMerge), merge_helper_->keys()[0]);
ASSERT_EQ("v", merge_helper_->values()[0]);
ASSERT_EQ(test::KeyStr("a", 50, kTypeMerge), merge_helper_->keys()[1]);
ASSERT_EQ("v2", merge_helper_->values()[1]);
ASSERT_EQ(2U, merge_helper_->keys().size());
ASSERT_EQ(2U, merge_helper_->values().size());
}
// A single operand can not be merged.
TEST_F(MergeHelperTest, SingleOperand) {
merge_op_ = MergeOperators::CreateUInt64AddOperator();
AddKeyVal("a", 50, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(1U));
ASSERT_TRUE(Run(31, true).IsMergeInProgress());
ASSERT_FALSE(iter_->Valid());
ASSERT_EQ(test::KeyStr("a", 50, kTypeMerge), merge_helper_->keys()[0]);
ASSERT_EQ(test::EncodeInt(1U), merge_helper_->values()[0]);
ASSERT_EQ(1U, merge_helper_->keys().size());
ASSERT_EQ(1U, merge_helper_->values().size());
}
// Merging with a deletion turns the deletion into a value
TEST_F(MergeHelperTest, MergeDeletion) {
merge_op_ = MergeOperators::CreateUInt64AddOperator();
AddKeyVal("a", 30, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(3U));
AddKeyVal("a", 20, kTypeDeletion, "");
ASSERT_TRUE(Run(15, false).ok());
ASSERT_FALSE(iter_->Valid());
ASSERT_EQ(test::KeyStr("a", 30, kTypeValue), merge_helper_->keys()[0]);
ASSERT_EQ(test::EncodeInt(3U), merge_helper_->values()[0]);
ASSERT_EQ(1U, merge_helper_->keys().size());
ASSERT_EQ(1U, merge_helper_->values().size());
}
// The merge helper stops upon encountering a corrupt key
TEST_F(MergeHelperTest, CorruptKey) {
merge_op_ = MergeOperators::CreateUInt64AddOperator();
AddKeyVal("a", 30, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(3U));
AddKeyVal("a", 25, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(1U));
// Corrupt key
AddKeyVal("a", 20, kTypeDeletion, "", true); // <- iter_ after merge
ASSERT_TRUE(Run(15, false).IsMergeInProgress());
ASSERT_EQ(ks_[2], iter_->key());
ASSERT_EQ(test::KeyStr("a", 30, kTypeMerge), merge_helper_->keys()[0]);
ASSERT_EQ(test::EncodeInt(4U), merge_helper_->values()[0]);
ASSERT_EQ(1U, merge_helper_->keys().size());
ASSERT_EQ(1U, merge_helper_->values().size());
}
// The compaction filter is called on every merge operand
TEST_F(MergeHelperTest, FilterMergeOperands) {
merge_op_ = MergeOperators::CreateUInt64AddOperator();
filter_.reset(new test::FilterNumber(5U));
AddKeyVal("a", 30, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(3U));
AddKeyVal("a", 29, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(5U)); // Filtered
AddKeyVal("a", 28, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(3U));
AddKeyVal("a", 27, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(1U));
AddKeyVal("a", 26, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(5U)); // Filtered
AddKeyVal("a", 25, kTypeValue, test::EncodeInt(1U));
ASSERT_TRUE(Run(15, false).ok());
ASSERT_FALSE(iter_->Valid());
MergeOutputIterator merge_output_iter(merge_helper_.get());
merge_output_iter.SeekToFirst();
ASSERT_EQ(test::KeyStr("a", 30, kTypeValue),
merge_output_iter.key().ToString());
ASSERT_EQ(test::EncodeInt(8U), merge_output_iter.value().ToString());
merge_output_iter.Next();
ASSERT_FALSE(merge_output_iter.Valid());
}
TEST_F(MergeHelperTest, FilterAllMergeOperands) {
merge_op_ = MergeOperators::CreateUInt64AddOperator();
filter_.reset(new test::FilterNumber(5U));
AddKeyVal("a", 30, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(5U));
AddKeyVal("a", 29, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(5U));
AddKeyVal("a", 28, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(5U));
AddKeyVal("a", 27, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(5U));
AddKeyVal("a", 26, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(5U));
AddKeyVal("a", 25, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(5U));
// filtered out all
ASSERT_TRUE(Run(15, false).ok());
ASSERT_FALSE(iter_->Valid());
MergeOutputIterator merge_output_iter(merge_helper_.get());
merge_output_iter.SeekToFirst();
ASSERT_FALSE(merge_output_iter.Valid());
// we have one operand that will survive because it's a delete
AddKeyVal("a", 24, kTypeDeletion, test::EncodeInt(5U));
AddKeyVal("b", 23, kTypeValue, test::EncodeInt(5U));
ASSERT_TRUE(Run(15, true).ok());
merge_output_iter = MergeOutputIterator(merge_helper_.get());
ASSERT_TRUE(iter_->Valid());
merge_output_iter.SeekToFirst();
ASSERT_FALSE(merge_output_iter.Valid());
// when all merge operands are filtered out, we leave the iterator pointing to
// the Put/Delete that survived
ASSERT_EQ(test::KeyStr("a", 24, kTypeDeletion), iter_->key().ToString());
ASSERT_EQ(test::EncodeInt(5U), iter_->value().ToString());
}
// Make sure that merge operands are filtered at the beginning
TEST_F(MergeHelperTest, FilterFirstMergeOperand) {
merge_op_ = MergeOperators::CreateUInt64AddOperator();
filter_.reset(new test::FilterNumber(5U));
AddKeyVal("a", 31, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(5U)); // Filtered
AddKeyVal("a", 30, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(5U)); // Filtered
AddKeyVal("a", 29, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(2U));
AddKeyVal("a", 28, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(1U));
AddKeyVal("a", 27, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(3U));
AddKeyVal("a", 26, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(5U)); // Filtered
AddKeyVal("a", 25, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(5U)); // Filtered
AddKeyVal("b", 24, kTypeValue, test::EncodeInt(5U)); // next user key
ASSERT_OK(Run(15, true));
ASSERT_TRUE(iter_->Valid());
MergeOutputIterator merge_output_iter(merge_helper_.get());
merge_output_iter.SeekToFirst();
// sequence number is 29 here, because the first merge operand got filtered
// out
ASSERT_EQ(test::KeyStr("a", 29, kTypeValue),
merge_output_iter.key().ToString());
ASSERT_EQ(test::EncodeInt(6U), merge_output_iter.value().ToString());
merge_output_iter.Next();
ASSERT_FALSE(merge_output_iter.Valid());
// make sure that we're passing user keys into the filter
ASSERT_EQ("a", filter_->last_merge_operand_key());
}
// Make sure that merge operands are not filtered out if there's a snapshot
// pointing at them
TEST_F(MergeHelperTest, DontFilterMergeOperandsBeforeSnapshotTest) {
merge_op_ = MergeOperators::CreateUInt64AddOperator();
filter_.reset(new test::FilterNumber(5U));
AddKeyVal("a", 31, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(5U));
AddKeyVal("a", 30, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(5U));
AddKeyVal("a", 29, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(2U));
AddKeyVal("a", 28, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(1U));
AddKeyVal("a", 27, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(3U));
AddKeyVal("a", 26, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(5U));
AddKeyVal("a", 25, kTypeMerge, test::EncodeInt(5U));
AddKeyVal("b", 24, kTypeValue, test::EncodeInt(5U));
ASSERT_OK(Run(15, true, 32));
ASSERT_TRUE(iter_->Valid());
MergeOutputIterator merge_output_iter(merge_helper_.get());
merge_output_iter.SeekToFirst();
ASSERT_EQ(test::KeyStr("a", 31, kTypeValue),
merge_output_iter.key().ToString());
ASSERT_EQ(test::EncodeInt(26U), merge_output_iter.value().ToString());
merge_output_iter.Next();
ASSERT_FALSE(merge_output_iter.Valid());
}
} // namespace rocksdb
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}
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