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rocksdb/table/cuckoo_table_reader_test.cc

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// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
// This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
// COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
// (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
#ifndef GFLAGS
#include <cstdio>
int main() {
fprintf(stderr, "Please install gflags to run this test... Skipping...\n");
return 0;
}
#else
#ifndef __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
#define __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
#endif
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include "table/cuckoo_table_builder.h"
#include "table/cuckoo_table_factory.h"
#include "table/cuckoo_table_reader.h"
#include "table/get_context.h"
#include "table/meta_blocks.h"
#include "util/arena.h"
#include "util/gflags_compat.h"
#include "util/random.h"
#include "util/string_util.h"
#include "util/testharness.h"
#include "util/testutil.h"
using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::ParseCommandLineFlags;
using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::SetUsageMessage;
DEFINE_string(file_dir, "", "Directory where the files will be created"
" for benchmark. Added for using tmpfs.");
DEFINE_bool(enable_perf, false, "Run Benchmark Tests too.");
DEFINE_bool(write, false,
"Should write new values to file in performance tests?");
DEFINE_bool(identity_as_first_hash, true, "use identity as first hash");
namespace rocksdb {
namespace {
const uint32_t kNumHashFunc = 10;
// Methods, variables related to Hash functions.
std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<uint64_t>> hash_map;
void AddHashLookups(const std::string& s, uint64_t bucket_id,
uint32_t num_hash_fun) {
std::vector<uint64_t> v;
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_hash_fun; i++) {
v.push_back(bucket_id + i);
}
hash_map[s] = v;
}
uint64_t GetSliceHash(const Slice& s, uint32_t index,
uint64_t /*max_num_buckets*/) {
return hash_map[s.ToString()][index];
}
} // namespace
class CuckooReaderTest : public testing::Test {
public:
using testing::Test::SetUp;
CuckooReaderTest() {
options.allow_mmap_reads = true;
env = options.env;
env_options = EnvOptions(options);
}
void SetUp(int num) {
num_items = num;
hash_map.clear();
keys.clear();
keys.resize(num_items);
user_keys.clear();
user_keys.resize(num_items);
values.clear();
values.resize(num_items);
}
std::string NumToStr(int64_t i) {
return std::string(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&i), sizeof(i));
}
void CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader(
const Comparator* ucomp = BytewiseComparator()) {
std::unique_ptr<WritableFile> writable_file;
ASSERT_OK(env->NewWritableFile(fname, &writable_file, env_options));
unique_ptr<WritableFileWriter> file_writer(
new WritableFileWriter(std::move(writable_file), fname, env_options));
CuckooTableBuilder builder(
file_writer.get(), 0.9, kNumHashFunc, 100, ucomp, 2, false, false,
GetSliceHash, 0 /* column_family_id */, kDefaultColumnFamilyName);
ASSERT_OK(builder.status());
for (uint32_t key_idx = 0; key_idx < num_items; ++key_idx) {
builder.Add(Slice(keys[key_idx]), Slice(values[key_idx]));
ASSERT_OK(builder.status());
ASSERT_EQ(builder.NumEntries(), key_idx + 1);
}
ASSERT_OK(builder.Finish());
ASSERT_EQ(num_items, builder.NumEntries());
file_size = builder.FileSize();
ASSERT_OK(file_writer->Close());
// Check reader now.
std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFile> read_file;
ASSERT_OK(env->NewRandomAccessFile(fname, &read_file, env_options));
unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader> file_reader(
new RandomAccessFileReader(std::move(read_file), fname));
const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
CuckooTableReader reader(ioptions, std::move(file_reader), file_size, ucomp,
GetSliceHash);
ASSERT_OK(reader.status());
// Assume no merge/deletion
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_items; ++i) {
PinnableSlice value;
GetContext get_context(ucomp, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
GetContext::kNotFound, Slice(user_keys[i]), &value,
nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
ASSERT_OK(
reader.Get(ReadOptions(), Slice(keys[i]), &get_context, nullptr));
ASSERT_STREQ(values[i].c_str(), value.data());
}
}
void UpdateKeys(bool with_zero_seqno) {
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_items; i++) {
ParsedInternalKey ikey(user_keys[i],
with_zero_seqno ? 0 : i + 1000, kTypeValue);
keys[i].clear();
AppendInternalKey(&keys[i], ikey);
}
}
void CheckIterator(const Comparator* ucomp = BytewiseComparator()) {
std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFile> read_file;
ASSERT_OK(env->NewRandomAccessFile(fname, &read_file, env_options));
unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader> file_reader(
new RandomAccessFileReader(std::move(read_file), fname));
const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
CuckooTableReader reader(ioptions, std::move(file_reader), file_size, ucomp,
GetSliceHash);
ASSERT_OK(reader.status());
InternalIterator* it =
reader.NewIterator(ReadOptions(), nullptr, nullptr, false);
ASSERT_OK(it->status());
ASSERT_TRUE(!it->Valid());
it->SeekToFirst();
int cnt = 0;
while (it->Valid()) {
ASSERT_OK(it->status());
ASSERT_TRUE(Slice(keys[cnt]) == it->key());
ASSERT_TRUE(Slice(values[cnt]) == it->value());
++cnt;
it->Next();
}
ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(cnt), num_items);
it->SeekToLast();
cnt = static_cast<int>(num_items) - 1;
ASSERT_TRUE(it->Valid());
while (it->Valid()) {
ASSERT_OK(it->status());
ASSERT_TRUE(Slice(keys[cnt]) == it->key());
ASSERT_TRUE(Slice(values[cnt]) == it->value());
--cnt;
it->Prev();
}
ASSERT_EQ(cnt, -1);
cnt = static_cast<int>(num_items) / 2;
it->Seek(keys[cnt]);
while (it->Valid()) {
ASSERT_OK(it->status());
ASSERT_TRUE(Slice(keys[cnt]) == it->key());
ASSERT_TRUE(Slice(values[cnt]) == it->value());
++cnt;
it->Next();
}
ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(cnt), num_items);
delete it;
Arena arena;
it = reader.NewIterator(ReadOptions(), nullptr, &arena);
ASSERT_OK(it->status());
ASSERT_TRUE(!it->Valid());
it->Seek(keys[num_items/2]);
ASSERT_TRUE(it->Valid());
ASSERT_OK(it->status());
ASSERT_TRUE(keys[num_items/2] == it->key());
ASSERT_TRUE(values[num_items/2] == it->value());
ASSERT_OK(it->status());
it->~InternalIterator();
}
std::vector<std::string> keys;
std::vector<std::string> user_keys;
std::vector<std::string> values;
uint64_t num_items;
std::string fname;
uint64_t file_size;
Options options;
Env* env;
EnvOptions env_options;
};
TEST_F(CuckooReaderTest, WhenKeyExists) {
SetUp(kNumHashFunc);
fname = test::PerThreadDBPath("CuckooReader_WhenKeyExists");
for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_items; i++) {
user_keys[i] = "key" + NumToStr(i);
ParsedInternalKey ikey(user_keys[i], i + 1000, kTypeValue);
AppendInternalKey(&keys[i], ikey);
values[i] = "value" + NumToStr(i);
// Give disjoint hash values.
AddHashLookups(user_keys[i], i, kNumHashFunc);
}
CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader();
// Last level file.
UpdateKeys(true);
CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader();
// Test with collision. Make all hash values collide.
hash_map.clear();
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_items; i++) {
AddHashLookups(user_keys[i], 0, kNumHashFunc);
}
UpdateKeys(false);
CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader();
// Last level file.
UpdateKeys(true);
CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader();
}
TEST_F(CuckooReaderTest, WhenKeyExistsWithUint64Comparator) {
SetUp(kNumHashFunc);
fname = test::PerThreadDBPath("CuckooReaderUint64_WhenKeyExists");
for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_items; i++) {
user_keys[i].resize(8);
memcpy(&user_keys[i][0], static_cast<void*>(&i), 8);
ParsedInternalKey ikey(user_keys[i], i + 1000, kTypeValue);
AppendInternalKey(&keys[i], ikey);
values[i] = "value" + NumToStr(i);
// Give disjoint hash values.
AddHashLookups(user_keys[i], i, kNumHashFunc);
}
CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader(test::Uint64Comparator());
// Last level file.
UpdateKeys(true);
CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader(test::Uint64Comparator());
// Test with collision. Make all hash values collide.
hash_map.clear();
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_items; i++) {
AddHashLookups(user_keys[i], 0, kNumHashFunc);
}
UpdateKeys(false);
CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader(test::Uint64Comparator());
// Last level file.
UpdateKeys(true);
CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader(test::Uint64Comparator());
}
TEST_F(CuckooReaderTest, CheckIterator) {
SetUp(2*kNumHashFunc);
fname = test::PerThreadDBPath("CuckooReader_CheckIterator");
for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_items; i++) {
user_keys[i] = "key" + NumToStr(i);
ParsedInternalKey ikey(user_keys[i], 1000, kTypeValue);
AppendInternalKey(&keys[i], ikey);
values[i] = "value" + NumToStr(i);
// Give disjoint hash values, in reverse order.
AddHashLookups(user_keys[i], num_items-i-1, kNumHashFunc);
}
CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader();
CheckIterator();
// Last level file.
UpdateKeys(true);
CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader();
CheckIterator();
}
TEST_F(CuckooReaderTest, CheckIteratorUint64) {
SetUp(2*kNumHashFunc);
fname = test::PerThreadDBPath("CuckooReader_CheckIterator");
for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_items; i++) {
user_keys[i].resize(8);
memcpy(&user_keys[i][0], static_cast<void*>(&i), 8);
ParsedInternalKey ikey(user_keys[i], 1000, kTypeValue);
AppendInternalKey(&keys[i], ikey);
values[i] = "value" + NumToStr(i);
// Give disjoint hash values, in reverse order.
AddHashLookups(user_keys[i], num_items-i-1, kNumHashFunc);
}
CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader(test::Uint64Comparator());
CheckIterator(test::Uint64Comparator());
// Last level file.
UpdateKeys(true);
CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader(test::Uint64Comparator());
CheckIterator(test::Uint64Comparator());
}
TEST_F(CuckooReaderTest, WhenKeyNotFound) {
// Add keys with colliding hash values.
SetUp(kNumHashFunc);
fname = test::PerThreadDBPath("CuckooReader_WhenKeyNotFound");
for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_items; i++) {
user_keys[i] = "key" + NumToStr(i);
ParsedInternalKey ikey(user_keys[i], i + 1000, kTypeValue);
AppendInternalKey(&keys[i], ikey);
values[i] = "value" + NumToStr(i);
// Make all hash values collide.
AddHashLookups(user_keys[i], 0, kNumHashFunc);
}
auto* ucmp = BytewiseComparator();
CreateCuckooFileAndCheckReader();
std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFile> read_file;
ASSERT_OK(env->NewRandomAccessFile(fname, &read_file, env_options));
unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader> file_reader(
new RandomAccessFileReader(std::move(read_file), fname));
const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
CuckooTableReader reader(ioptions, std::move(file_reader), file_size, ucmp,
GetSliceHash);
ASSERT_OK(reader.status());
// Search for a key with colliding hash values.
std::string not_found_user_key = "key" + NumToStr(num_items);
std::string not_found_key;
AddHashLookups(not_found_user_key, 0, kNumHashFunc);
ParsedInternalKey ikey(not_found_user_key, 1000, kTypeValue);
AppendInternalKey(&not_found_key, ikey);
PinnableSlice value;
GetContext get_context(ucmp, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, GetContext::kNotFound,
Slice(not_found_key), &value, nullptr, nullptr,
nullptr, nullptr);
ASSERT_OK(
reader.Get(ReadOptions(), Slice(not_found_key), &get_context, nullptr));
ASSERT_TRUE(value.empty());
ASSERT_OK(reader.status());
// Search for a key with an independent hash value.
std::string not_found_user_key2 = "key" + NumToStr(num_items + 1);
AddHashLookups(not_found_user_key2, kNumHashFunc, kNumHashFunc);
ParsedInternalKey ikey2(not_found_user_key2, 1000, kTypeValue);
std::string not_found_key2;
AppendInternalKey(&not_found_key2, ikey2);
value.Reset();
GetContext get_context2(ucmp, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
GetContext::kNotFound, Slice(not_found_key2), &value,
nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
ASSERT_OK(
reader.Get(ReadOptions(), Slice(not_found_key2), &get_context2, nullptr));
ASSERT_TRUE(value.empty());
ASSERT_OK(reader.status());
// Test read when key is unused key.
std::string unused_key =
reader.GetTableProperties()->user_collected_properties.at(
CuckooTablePropertyNames::kEmptyKey);
// Add hash values that map to empty buckets.
AddHashLookups(ExtractUserKey(unused_key).ToString(),
kNumHashFunc, kNumHashFunc);
value.Reset();
GetContext get_context3(ucmp, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
GetContext::kNotFound, Slice(unused_key), &value,
nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
ASSERT_OK(
reader.Get(ReadOptions(), Slice(unused_key), &get_context3, nullptr));
ASSERT_TRUE(value.empty());
ASSERT_OK(reader.status());
}
// Performance tests
namespace {
void GetKeys(uint64_t num, std::vector<std::string>* keys) {
keys->clear();
IterKey k;
k.SetInternalKey("", 0, kTypeValue);
std::string internal_key_suffix = k.GetInternalKey().ToString();
ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(8), internal_key_suffix.size());
for (uint64_t key_idx = 0; key_idx < num; ++key_idx) {
uint64_t value = 2 * key_idx;
std::string new_key(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&value), sizeof(value));
new_key += internal_key_suffix;
keys->push_back(new_key);
}
}
std::string GetFileName(uint64_t num) {
if (FLAGS_file_dir.empty()) {
FLAGS_file_dir = test::TmpDir();
}
return test::PerThreadDBPath(FLAGS_file_dir, "cuckoo_read_benchmark") +
ToString(num / 1000000) + "Mkeys";
}
// Create last level file as we are interested in measuring performance of
// last level file only.
void WriteFile(const std::vector<std::string>& keys,
const uint64_t num, double hash_ratio) {
Options options;
options.allow_mmap_reads = true;
Env* env = options.env;
EnvOptions env_options = EnvOptions(options);
std::string fname = GetFileName(num);
std::unique_ptr<WritableFile> writable_file;
ASSERT_OK(env->NewWritableFile(fname, &writable_file, env_options));
unique_ptr<WritableFileWriter> file_writer(
new WritableFileWriter(std::move(writable_file), fname, env_options));
CuckooTableBuilder builder(
file_writer.get(), hash_ratio, 64, 1000, test::Uint64Comparator(), 5,
false, FLAGS_identity_as_first_hash, nullptr, 0 /* column_family_id */,
kDefaultColumnFamilyName);
ASSERT_OK(builder.status());
for (uint64_t key_idx = 0; key_idx < num; ++key_idx) {
// Value is just a part of key.
builder.Add(Slice(keys[key_idx]), Slice(&keys[key_idx][0], 4));
ASSERT_EQ(builder.NumEntries(), key_idx + 1);
ASSERT_OK(builder.status());
}
ASSERT_OK(builder.Finish());
ASSERT_EQ(num, builder.NumEntries());
ASSERT_OK(file_writer->Close());
uint64_t file_size;
env->GetFileSize(fname, &file_size);
std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFile> read_file;
ASSERT_OK(env->NewRandomAccessFile(fname, &read_file, env_options));
unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader> file_reader(
new RandomAccessFileReader(std::move(read_file), fname));
const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
CuckooTableReader reader(ioptions, std::move(file_reader), file_size,
test::Uint64Comparator(), nullptr);
ASSERT_OK(reader.status());
ReadOptions r_options;
PinnableSlice value;
// Assume only the fast path is triggered
GetContext get_context(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
GetContext::kNotFound, Slice(), &value, nullptr,
nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
value.Reset();
value.clear();
ASSERT_OK(reader.Get(r_options, Slice(keys[i]), &get_context, nullptr));
ASSERT_TRUE(Slice(keys[i]) == Slice(&keys[i][0], 4));
}
}
void ReadKeys(uint64_t num, uint32_t batch_size) {
Options options;
options.allow_mmap_reads = true;
Env* env = options.env;
EnvOptions env_options = EnvOptions(options);
std::string fname = GetFileName(num);
uint64_t file_size;
env->GetFileSize(fname, &file_size);
std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFile> read_file;
ASSERT_OK(env->NewRandomAccessFile(fname, &read_file, env_options));
unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader> file_reader(
new RandomAccessFileReader(std::move(read_file), fname));
const ImmutableCFOptions ioptions(options);
CuckooTableReader reader(ioptions, std::move(file_reader), file_size,
test::Uint64Comparator(), nullptr);
ASSERT_OK(reader.status());
const UserCollectedProperties user_props =
reader.GetTableProperties()->user_collected_properties;
const uint32_t num_hash_fun = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(
user_props.at(CuckooTablePropertyNames::kNumHashFunc).data());
const uint64_t table_size = *reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t*>(
user_props.at(CuckooTablePropertyNames::kHashTableSize).data());
fprintf(stderr, "With %" PRIu64 " items, utilization is %.2f%%, number of"
" hash functions: %u.\n", num, num * 100.0 / (table_size), num_hash_fun);
ReadOptions r_options;
std::vector<uint64_t> keys;
keys.reserve(num);
for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
keys.push_back(2 * i);
}
std::random_shuffle(keys.begin(), keys.end());
PinnableSlice value;
// Assume only the fast path is triggered
GetContext get_context(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
GetContext::kNotFound, Slice(), &value, nullptr,
nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
uint64_t start_time = env->NowMicros();
if (batch_size > 0) {
for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num; i += batch_size) {
for (uint64_t j = i; j < i+batch_size && j < num; ++j) {
reader.Prepare(Slice(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&keys[j]), 16));
}
for (uint64_t j = i; j < i+batch_size && j < num; ++j) {
reader.Get(r_options, Slice(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&keys[j]), 16),
&get_context, nullptr);
}
}
} else {
for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num; i++) {
reader.Get(r_options, Slice(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&keys[i]), 16),
&get_context, nullptr);
}
}
float time_per_op = (env->NowMicros() - start_time) * 1.0f / num;
fprintf(stderr,
"Time taken per op is %.3fus (%.1f Mqps) with batch size of %u\n",
time_per_op, 1.0 / time_per_op, batch_size);
}
} // namespace.
TEST_F(CuckooReaderTest, TestReadPerformance) {
if (!FLAGS_enable_perf) {
return;
}
double hash_ratio = 0.95;
// These numbers are chosen to have a hash utilization % close to
// 0.9, 0.75, 0.6 and 0.5 respectively.
// They all create 128 M buckets.
std::vector<uint64_t> nums = {120*1024*1024, 100*1024*1024, 80*1024*1024,
70*1024*1024};
#ifndef NDEBUG
fprintf(stdout,
"WARNING: Not compiled with DNDEBUG. Performance tests may be slow.\n");
#endif
for (uint64_t num : nums) {
if (FLAGS_write ||
Env::Default()->FileExists(GetFileName(num)).IsNotFound()) {
std::vector<std::string> all_keys;
GetKeys(num, &all_keys);
WriteFile(all_keys, num, hash_ratio);
}
ReadKeys(num, 0);
ReadKeys(num, 10);
ReadKeys(num, 25);
ReadKeys(num, 50);
ReadKeys(num, 100);
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
}
}
} // namespace rocksdb
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
if (rocksdb::port::kLittleEndian) {
::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
ParseCommandLineFlags(&argc, &argv, true);
return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}
else {
fprintf(stderr, "SKIPPED as Cuckoo table doesn't support Big Endian\n");
return 0;
}
}
#endif // GFLAGS.
#else
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int /*argc*/, char** /*argv*/) {
fprintf(stderr, "SKIPPED as Cuckoo table is not supported in ROCKSDB_LITE\n");
return 0;
}
#endif // ROCKSDB_LITE
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