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rocksdb/tools/db_stress.cc
Dhruba Borthakur 47c4191fe8 Reduce write amplification by merging files in L0 back into L0 
Summary:
There is a new option called hybrid_mode which, when switched on,
causes HBase style compactions.  Files from L0 are
compacted back into L0. This meat of this compaction algorithm
is in PickCompactionHybrid().

All files reside in L0. That means all files have overlapping
keys. Each file has a time-bound, i.e. each file contains a
range of keys that were inserted around the same time. The
start-seqno and the end-seqno refers to the timeframe when
these keys were inserted.  Files that have contiguous seqno
are compacted together into a larger file. All files are
ordered from most recent to the oldest.

The current compaction algorithm starts to look for
candidate files starting from the most recent file. It continues to
add more files to the same compaction run as long as the
sum of the files chosen till now is smaller than the next
candidate file size. This logic needs to be debated
and validated.

The above logic should reduce write amplification to a
large extent... will publish numbers shortly.

Test Plan: dbstress runs for 6 hours with no data corruption (tested so far).

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D11289
2013-06-30 20:07:04 -07:00

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// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
//
//The test uses an array to compare against values written to the database.
//Keys written to the array are in 1:1 correspondence to the actual values in
//the database according to the formula in the functino GenerateValue
//Space is reserved in the array from 0 to FLAGS_max_key and values are randomly
//written/deleted/read from those positions. During verification we compare all
//the positions in the array. Therefore to shorten/elongate the amount of time
//that this test runs for, you should change the settings:
//FLAGS_max_key, FLAGS_ops_per_thread, (sometimes also FLAGS_threads)
//NOTE that if FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots is set, the test behaves a little
//differently. See comment header for the flag.
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "db/db_impl.h"
#include "db/version_set.h"
#include "db/db_statistics.h"
#include "leveldb/cache.h"
#include "utilities/utility_db.h"
#include "leveldb/env.h"
#include "leveldb/write_batch.h"
#include "leveldb/statistics.h"
#include "port/port.h"
#include "util/crc32c.h"
#include "util/histogram.h"
#include "util/mutexlock.h"
#include "util/random.h"
#include "util/testutil.h"
#include "util/logging.h"
#include "utilities/ttl/db_ttl.h"
#include "hdfs/env_hdfs.h"
static const long KB = 1024;
// Seed for PRNG
static uint32_t FLAGS_seed = 2341234;
// Max number of key/values to place in database
static long FLAGS_max_key = 2 * KB * KB * KB;
// If set, the test uses MultiGet, MultiPut and MultiDelete that
// do a different kind of validation during the test itself,
// rather than at the end. This is meant to solve the following
// problems at the expense of doing less degree of validation.
// (a) No need to acquire mutexes during writes (less cache flushes
// in multi-core leading to speed up)
// (b) No long validation at the end (more speed up)
// (c) Also test snapshot and atomicity of batch writes
static bool FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots = false;
// Number of concurrent threads to run.
static int FLAGS_threads = 32;
// Opens the db with this ttl value if this is not -1
// Carefully specify a large value such that verifications on deleted
// values don't fail
static int FLAGS_ttl = -1;
// Size of each value will be this number times rand_int(1,3) bytes
static int FLAGS_value_size_mult = 8;
static bool FLAGS_verify_before_write = false;
// Print histogram of operation timings
static bool FLAGS_histogram = false;
// Destroys the database dir before start if this is true
static bool FLAGS_destroy_db_initially = true;
static bool FLAGS_verbose = false;
// Number of bytes to buffer in memtable before compacting
// (initialized to default value by "main")
static int FLAGS_write_buffer_size = 0;
// The number of in-memory memtables.
// Each memtable is of size FLAGS_write_buffer_size.
// This is initialized to default value of 2 in "main" function.
static int FLAGS_max_write_buffer_number = 0;
// The maximum number of concurrent background compactions
// that can occur in parallel.
// This is initialized to default value of 1 in "main" function.
static int FLAGS_max_background_compactions = 0;
// This is initialized to default value of false
static bool FLAGS_hybrid_mode = false;
// Number of bytes to use as a cache of uncompressed data.
static long FLAGS_cache_size = 2 * KB * KB * KB;
// Number of bytes in a block.
static int FLAGS_block_size = 4 * KB;
// Number of times database reopens
static int FLAGS_reopen = 10;
// Maximum number of files to keep open at the same time (use default if == 0)
static int FLAGS_open_files = 0;
// Bloom filter bits per key.
// Negative means use default settings.
static int FLAGS_bloom_bits = 10;
// Use the db with the following name.
static const char* FLAGS_db = nullptr;
// Verify checksum for every block read from storage
static bool FLAGS_verify_checksum = false;
// Allow reads to occur via mmap-ing files
static bool FLAGS_use_mmap_reads = leveldb::EnvOptions().use_mmap_reads;
// Database statistics
static std::shared_ptr<leveldb::Statistics> dbstats;
// Sync all writes to disk
static bool FLAGS_sync = false;
// If true, do not wait until data is synced to disk.
static bool FLAGS_disable_data_sync = false;
// If true, issue fsync instead of fdatasync
static bool FLAGS_use_fsync = false;
// If non-zero, kill at various points in source code with probability 1/this
static int FLAGS_kill_random_test = 0;
extern int leveldb_kill_odds;
// If true, do not write WAL for write.
static bool FLAGS_disable_wal = false;
// Target level-0 file size for compaction
static int FLAGS_target_file_size_base = 64 * KB;
// A multiplier to compute targe level-N file size
static int FLAGS_target_file_size_multiplier = 1;
// Max bytes for level-0
static uint64_t FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_base = 256 * KB;
// A multiplier to compute max bytes for level-N
static int FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier = 2;
// Number of files in level-0 that will trigger put stop.
static int FLAGS_level0_stop_writes_trigger = 12;
// Number of files in level-0 that will slow down writes.
static int FLAGS_level0_slowdown_writes_trigger = 8;
// Ratio of reads to total workload (expressed as a percentage)
static unsigned int FLAGS_readpercent = 10;
// Ratio of deletes to total workload (expressed as a percentage)
static unsigned int FLAGS_delpercent = 30;
// Option to disable compation triggered by read.
static int FLAGS_disable_seek_compaction = false;
// Option to delete obsolete files periodically
// Default: 0 which means that obsolete files are
// deleted after every compaction run.
static uint64_t FLAGS_delete_obsolete_files_period_micros = 0;
// Algorithm to use to compress the database
static enum leveldb::CompressionType FLAGS_compression_type =
leveldb::kSnappyCompression;
// posix or hdfs environment
static leveldb::Env* FLAGS_env = leveldb::Env::Default();
// Number of operations per thread.
static uint32_t FLAGS_ops_per_thread = 600000;
// Log2 of number of keys per lock
static uint32_t FLAGS_log2_keys_per_lock = 2; // implies 2^2 keys per lock
// Percentage of times we want to purge redundant keys in memory before flushing
static uint32_t FLAGS_purge_redundant_percent = 50;
// Level0 compaction start trigger
static int FLAGS_level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = 0;
namespace leveldb {
class StressTest;
namespace {
class Stats {
private:
double start_;
double finish_;
double seconds_;
long done_;
long writes_;
long deletes_;
long gets_;
long founds_;
long errors_;
int next_report_;
size_t bytes_;
double last_op_finish_;
HistogramImpl hist_;
public:
Stats() { }
void Start() {
next_report_ = 100;
hist_.Clear();
done_ = 0;
writes_ = 0;
deletes_ = 0;
gets_ = 0;
founds_ = 0;
errors_ = 0;
bytes_ = 0;
seconds_ = 0;
start_ = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
last_op_finish_ = start_;
finish_ = start_;
}
void Merge(const Stats& other) {
hist_.Merge(other.hist_);
done_ += other.done_;
writes_ += other.writes_;
deletes_ += other.deletes_;
gets_ += other.gets_;
founds_ += other.founds_;
errors_ += other.errors_;
bytes_ += other.bytes_;
seconds_ += other.seconds_;
if (other.start_ < start_) start_ = other.start_;
if (other.finish_ > finish_) finish_ = other.finish_;
}
void Stop() {
finish_ = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
seconds_ = (finish_ - start_) * 1e-6;
}
void FinishedSingleOp() {
if (FLAGS_histogram) {
double now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
double micros = now - last_op_finish_;
hist_.Add(micros);
if (micros > 20000) {
fprintf(stdout, "long op: %.1f micros%30s\r", micros, "");
}
last_op_finish_ = now;
}
done_++;
if (done_ >= next_report_) {
if (next_report_ < 1000) next_report_ += 100;
else if (next_report_ < 5000) next_report_ += 500;
else if (next_report_ < 10000) next_report_ += 1000;
else if (next_report_ < 50000) next_report_ += 5000;
else if (next_report_ < 100000) next_report_ += 10000;
else if (next_report_ < 500000) next_report_ += 50000;
else next_report_ += 100000;
fprintf(stdout, "... finished %ld ops%30s\r", done_, "");
}
}
void AddBytesForWrites(int nwrites, size_t nbytes) {
writes_ += nwrites;
bytes_ += nbytes;
}
void AddDeletes(int n) {
deletes_ += n;
}
void AddGets(int ngets, int nfounds) {
founds_ += nfounds;
gets_ += ngets;
}
void AddErrors(int n) {
errors_ += n;
}
void Report(const char* name) {
std::string extra;
if (bytes_ < 1 || done_ < 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "No writes or ops?\n");
return;
}
double elapsed = (finish_ - start_) * 1e-6;
double bytes_mb = bytes_ / 1048576.0;
double rate = bytes_mb / elapsed;
double throughput = (double)done_/elapsed;
fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: ", name);
fprintf(stdout, "%.3f micros/op %ld ops/sec\n",
seconds_ * 1e6 / done_, (long)throughput);
fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: Wrote %.2f MB (%.2f MB/sec) (%ld%% of %ld ops)\n",
"", bytes_mb, rate, (100*writes_)/done_, done_);
fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: Wrote %ld times\n", "", writes_);
fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: Deleted %ld times\n", "", deletes_);
fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: %ld/%ld gets found the key\n", "", founds_, gets_);
fprintf(stdout, "%-12s: Got errors %ld times\n", "", errors_);
if (FLAGS_histogram) {
fprintf(stdout, "Microseconds per op:\n%s\n", hist_.ToString().c_str());
}
fflush(stdout);
}
};
// State shared by all concurrent executions of the same benchmark.
class SharedState {
public:
static const uint32_t SENTINEL = 0xffffffff;
explicit SharedState(StressTest* stress_test) :
cv_(&mu_),
seed_(FLAGS_seed),
max_key_(FLAGS_max_key),
log2_keys_per_lock_(FLAGS_log2_keys_per_lock),
num_threads_(FLAGS_threads),
num_initialized_(0),
num_populated_(0),
vote_reopen_(0),
num_done_(0),
start_(false),
start_verify_(false),
stress_test_(stress_test) {
if (FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots) {
key_locks_ = nullptr;
values_ = nullptr;
fprintf(stdout, "No lock creation because test_batches_snapshots set\n");
return;
}
values_ = new uint32_t[max_key_];
for (long i = 0; i < max_key_; i++) {
values_[i] = SENTINEL;
}
long num_locks = (max_key_ >> log2_keys_per_lock_);
if (max_key_ & ((1 << log2_keys_per_lock_) - 1)) {
num_locks ++;
}
fprintf(stdout, "Creating %ld locks\n", num_locks);
key_locks_ = new port::Mutex[num_locks];
}
~SharedState() {
delete[] values_;
delete[] key_locks_;
}
port::Mutex* GetMutex() {
return &mu_;
}
port::CondVar* GetCondVar() {
return &cv_;
}
StressTest* GetStressTest() const {
return stress_test_;
}
long GetMaxKey() const {
return max_key_;
}
uint32_t GetNumThreads() const {
return num_threads_;
}
void IncInitialized() {
num_initialized_++;
}
void IncOperated() {
num_populated_++;
}
void IncDone() {
num_done_++;
}
void IncVotedReopen() {
vote_reopen_ = (vote_reopen_ + 1) % num_threads_;
}
bool AllInitialized() const {
return num_initialized_ >= num_threads_;
}
bool AllOperated() const {
return num_populated_ >= num_threads_;
}
bool AllDone() const {
return num_done_ >= num_threads_;
}
bool AllVotedReopen() {
return (vote_reopen_ == 0);
}
void SetStart() {
start_ = true;
}
void SetStartVerify() {
start_verify_ = true;
}
bool Started() const {
return start_;
}
bool VerifyStarted() const {
return start_verify_;
}
port::Mutex* GetMutexForKey(long key) {
return &key_locks_[key >> log2_keys_per_lock_];
}
void Put(long key, uint32_t value_base) {
values_[key] = value_base;
}
uint32_t Get(long key) const {
return values_[key];
}
void Delete(long key) const {
values_[key] = SENTINEL;
}
uint32_t GetSeed() const {
return seed_;
}
private:
port::Mutex mu_;
port::CondVar cv_;
const uint32_t seed_;
const long max_key_;
const uint32_t log2_keys_per_lock_;
const int num_threads_;
long num_initialized_;
long num_populated_;
long vote_reopen_;
long num_done_;
bool start_;
bool start_verify_;
StressTest* stress_test_;
uint32_t *values_;
port::Mutex *key_locks_;
};
// Per-thread state for concurrent executions of the same benchmark.
struct ThreadState {
uint32_t tid; // 0..n-1
Random rand; // Has different seeds for different threads
SharedState* shared;
Stats stats;
ThreadState(uint32_t index, SharedState *shared)
: tid(index),
rand(1000 + index + shared->GetSeed()),
shared(shared) {
}
};
} // namespace
class StressTest {
public:
StressTest()
: cache_(NewLRUCache(FLAGS_cache_size)),
filter_policy_(FLAGS_bloom_bits >= 0
? NewBloomFilterPolicy(FLAGS_bloom_bits)
: nullptr),
db_(nullptr),
num_times_reopened_(0) {
if (FLAGS_destroy_db_initially) {
std::vector<std::string> files;
FLAGS_env->GetChildren(FLAGS_db, &files);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
if (Slice(files[i]).starts_with("heap-")) {
FLAGS_env->DeleteFile(std::string(FLAGS_db) + "/" + files[i]);
}
}
DestroyDB(FLAGS_db, Options());
}
}
~StressTest() {
delete db_;
delete filter_policy_;
}
void Run() {
PrintEnv();
Open();
SharedState shared(this);
uint32_t n = shared.GetNumThreads();
std::vector<ThreadState*> threads(n);
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
threads[i] = new ThreadState(i, &shared);
FLAGS_env->StartThread(ThreadBody, threads[i]);
}
// Each thread goes through the following states:
// initializing -> wait for others to init -> read/populate/depopulate
// wait for others to operate -> verify -> done
{
MutexLock l(shared.GetMutex());
while (!shared.AllInitialized()) {
shared.GetCondVar()->Wait();
}
double now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
fprintf(stdout, "%s Starting database operations\n",
FLAGS_env->TimeToString((uint64_t) now/1000000).c_str());
shared.SetStart();
shared.GetCondVar()->SignalAll();
while (!shared.AllOperated()) {
shared.GetCondVar()->Wait();
}
now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
if (FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots) {
fprintf(stdout, "%s Limited verification already done during gets\n",
FLAGS_env->TimeToString((uint64_t) now/1000000).c_str());
} else {
fprintf(stdout, "%s Starting verification\n",
FLAGS_env->TimeToString((uint64_t) now/1000000).c_str());
}
shared.SetStartVerify();
shared.GetCondVar()->SignalAll();
while (!shared.AllDone()) {
shared.GetCondVar()->Wait();
}
}
for (unsigned int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
threads[0]->stats.Merge(threads[i]->stats);
}
threads[0]->stats.Report("Stress Test");
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
delete threads[i];
threads[i] = nullptr;
}
double now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
if (!FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots) {
fprintf(stdout, "%s Verification successful\n",
FLAGS_env->TimeToString((uint64_t) now/1000000).c_str());
}
PrintStatistics();
}
private:
static void ThreadBody(void* v) {
ThreadState* thread = reinterpret_cast<ThreadState*>(v);
SharedState* shared = thread->shared;
{
MutexLock l(shared->GetMutex());
shared->IncInitialized();
if (shared->AllInitialized()) {
shared->GetCondVar()->SignalAll();
}
while (!shared->Started()) {
shared->GetCondVar()->Wait();
}
}
thread->shared->GetStressTest()->OperateDb(thread);
{
MutexLock l(shared->GetMutex());
shared->IncOperated();
if (shared->AllOperated()) {
shared->GetCondVar()->SignalAll();
}
while (!shared->VerifyStarted()) {
shared->GetCondVar()->Wait();
}
}
if (!FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots) {
thread->shared->GetStressTest()->VerifyDb(*(thread->shared),
thread->tid);
}
{
MutexLock l(shared->GetMutex());
shared->IncDone();
if (shared->AllDone()) {
shared->GetCondVar()->SignalAll();
}
}
}
// Given a key K and value V, this puts ("0"+K, "0"+V), ("1"+K, "1"+V), ...
// ("9"+K, "9"+V) in DB atomically i.e in a single batch.
// Also refer MultiGet.
Status MultiPut(ThreadState* thread,
const WriteOptions& writeoptions,
const Slice& key, const Slice& value, size_t sz) {
std::string keys[10] = {"9", "8", "7", "6", "5",
"4", "3", "2", "1", "0"};
std::string values[10] = {"9", "8", "7", "6", "5",
"4", "3", "2", "1", "0"};
Slice value_slices[10];
WriteBatch batch;
Status s;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
keys[i] += key.ToString();
values[i] += value.ToString();
value_slices[i] = values[i];
batch.Put(keys[i], value_slices[i]);
}
s = db_->Write(writeoptions, &batch);
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "multiput error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
} else {
// we did 10 writes each of size sz + 1
thread->stats.AddBytesForWrites(10, (sz + 1) * 10);
}
return s;
}
// Given a key K, this deletes ("0"+K), ("1"+K),... ("9"+K)
// in DB atomically i.e in a single batch. Also refer MultiGet.
Status MultiDelete(ThreadState* thread,
const WriteOptions& writeoptions,
const Slice& key) {
std::string keys[10] = {"9", "7", "5", "3", "1",
"8", "6", "4", "2", "0"};
WriteBatch batch;
Status s;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
keys[i] += key.ToString();
batch.Delete(keys[i]);
}
s = db_->Write(writeoptions, &batch);
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "multidelete error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
} else {
thread->stats.AddDeletes(10);
}
return s;
}
// Given a key K, this gets values for "0"+K, "1"+K,..."9"+K
// in the same snapshot, and verifies that all the values are of the form
// "0"+V, "1"+V,..."9"+V.
// ASSUMES that MultiPut was used to put (K, V) into the DB.
Status MultiGet(ThreadState* thread,
const ReadOptions& readoptions,
const Slice& key, std::string* value) {
std::string keys[10] = {"0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9"};
Slice key_slices[10];
std::string values[10];
ReadOptions readoptionscopy = readoptions;
readoptionscopy.snapshot = db_->GetSnapshot();
Status s;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
keys[i] += key.ToString();
key_slices[i] = keys[i];
s = db_->Get(readoptionscopy, key_slices[i], value);
if (!s.ok() && !s.IsNotFound()) {
fprintf(stderr, "get error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
values[i] = "";
thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
// we continue after error rather than exiting so that we can
// find more errors if any
} else if (s.IsNotFound()) {
values[i] = "";
thread->stats.AddGets(1, 0);
} else {
values[i] = *value;
char expected_prefix = (keys[i])[0];
char actual_prefix = (values[i])[0];
if (actual_prefix != expected_prefix) {
fprintf(stderr, "error expected prefix = %c actual = %c\n",
expected_prefix, actual_prefix);
}
(values[i])[0] = ' '; // blank out the differing character
thread->stats.AddGets(1, 1);
}
}
db_->ReleaseSnapshot(readoptionscopy.snapshot);
// Now that we retrieved all values, check that they all match
for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
if (values[i] != values[0]) {
fprintf(stderr, "error : inconsistent values for key %s: %s, %s\n",
key.ToString().c_str(), values[0].c_str(),
values[i].c_str());
// we continue after error rather than exiting so that we can
// find more errors if any
}
}
return s;
}
void OperateDb(ThreadState* thread) {
ReadOptions read_opts(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
WriteOptions write_opts;
char value[100];
long max_key = thread->shared->GetMaxKey();
std::string from_db;
if (FLAGS_sync) {
write_opts.sync = true;
}
write_opts.disableWAL = FLAGS_disable_wal;
thread->stats.Start();
for (long i = 0; i < FLAGS_ops_per_thread; i++) {
if(i != 0 && (i % (FLAGS_ops_per_thread / (FLAGS_reopen + 1))) == 0) {
{
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp();
MutexLock l(thread->shared->GetMutex());
thread->shared->IncVotedReopen();
if (thread->shared->AllVotedReopen()) {
thread->shared->GetStressTest()->Reopen();
thread->shared->GetCondVar()->SignalAll();
}
else {
thread->shared->GetCondVar()->Wait();
}
// Commenting this out as we don't want to reset stats on each open.
// thread->stats.Start();
}
}
long rand_key = thread->rand.Next() % max_key;
Slice key((char*)&rand_key, sizeof(rand_key));
//Read:10%;Delete:30%;Write:60%
unsigned int probability_operation = thread->rand.Uniform(100);
if (probability_operation < FLAGS_readpercent) {
// read load
if (!FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots) {
Status s = db_->Get(read_opts, key, &from_db);
if (s.ok()) {
// found case
thread->stats.AddGets(1, 1);
} else if (s.IsNotFound()) {
// not found case
thread->stats.AddGets(1, 0);
} else {
// errors case
thread->stats.AddErrors(1);
}
} else {
MultiGet(thread, read_opts, key, &from_db);
}
} else if (probability_operation < FLAGS_delpercent + FLAGS_readpercent) {
//introduce delete load
if (!FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots) {
MutexLock l(thread->shared->GetMutexForKey(rand_key));
thread->shared->Delete(rand_key);
db_->Delete(write_opts, key);
thread->stats.AddDeletes(1);
} else {
MultiDelete(thread, write_opts, key);
}
} else {
// write load
uint32_t value_base = thread->rand.Next();
size_t sz = GenerateValue(value_base, value, sizeof(value));
Slice v(value, sz);
if (!FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots) {
MutexLock l(thread->shared->GetMutexForKey(rand_key));
if (FLAGS_verify_before_write) {
VerifyValue(rand_key, read_opts, *(thread->shared), &from_db, true);
}
thread->shared->Put(rand_key, value_base);
db_->Put(write_opts, key, v);
thread->stats.AddBytesForWrites(1, sz);
} else {
MultiPut(thread, write_opts, key, v, sz);
}
PrintKeyValue(rand_key, value, sz);
}
thread->stats.FinishedSingleOp();
}
thread->stats.Stop();
}
void VerifyDb(const SharedState &shared, long start) const {
ReadOptions options(FLAGS_verify_checksum, true);
long max_key = shared.GetMaxKey();
long step = shared.GetNumThreads();
for (long i = start; i < max_key; i+= step) {
std::string from_db;
VerifyValue(i, options, shared, &from_db, true);
if (from_db.length()) {
PrintKeyValue(i, from_db.data(), from_db.length());
}
}
}
void VerificationAbort(std::string msg, long key) const {
fprintf(stderr, "Verification failed for key %ld: %s\n",
key, msg.c_str());
exit(1);
}
void VerifyValue(long key, const ReadOptions &opts, const SharedState &shared,
std::string *value_from_db, bool strict=false) const {
Slice k((char*)&key, sizeof(key));
char value[100];
uint32_t value_base = shared.Get(key);
if (value_base == SharedState::SENTINEL && !strict) {
return;
}
if (db_->Get(opts, k, value_from_db).ok()) {
if (value_base == SharedState::SENTINEL) {
VerificationAbort("Unexpected value found", key);
}
size_t sz = GenerateValue(value_base, value, sizeof(value));
if (value_from_db->length() != sz) {
VerificationAbort("Length of value read is not equal", key);
}
if (memcmp(value_from_db->data(), value, sz) != 0) {
VerificationAbort("Contents of value read don't match", key);
}
} else {
if (value_base != SharedState::SENTINEL) {
VerificationAbort("Value not found", key);
}
}
}
static void PrintKeyValue(uint32_t key, const char *value, size_t sz) {
if (!FLAGS_verbose) return;
fprintf(stdout, "%u ==> (%u) ", key, (unsigned int)sz);
for (size_t i=0; i<sz; i++) {
fprintf(stdout, "%X", value[i]);
}
fprintf(stdout, "\n");
}
static size_t GenerateValue(uint32_t rand, char *v, size_t max_sz) {
size_t value_sz = ((rand % 3) + 1) * FLAGS_value_size_mult;
assert(value_sz <= max_sz && value_sz >= sizeof(uint32_t));
*((uint32_t*)v) = rand;
for (size_t i=sizeof(uint32_t); i < value_sz; i++) {
v[i] = (char)(rand ^ i);
}
v[value_sz] = '\0';
return value_sz; // the size of the value set.
}
void PrintEnv() const {
fprintf(stdout, "LevelDB version : %d.%d\n",
kMajorVersion, kMinorVersion);
fprintf(stdout, "Number of threads : %d\n", FLAGS_threads);
fprintf(stdout, "Ops per thread : %d\n", FLAGS_ops_per_thread);
std::string ttl_state("unused");
if (FLAGS_ttl > 0) {
ttl_state = NumberToString(FLAGS_ttl);
}
fprintf(stdout, "Time to live(sec) : %s\n", ttl_state.c_str());
fprintf(stdout, "Read percentage : %d\n", FLAGS_readpercent);
fprintf(stdout, "Write-buffer-size : %d\n", FLAGS_write_buffer_size);
fprintf(stdout, "Delete percentage : %d\n", FLAGS_delpercent);
fprintf(stdout, "Max key : %ld\n", FLAGS_max_key);
fprintf(stdout, "Ratio #ops/#keys : %ld\n",
(FLAGS_ops_per_thread * FLAGS_threads)/FLAGS_max_key);
fprintf(stdout, "Num times DB reopens: %d\n", FLAGS_reopen);
fprintf(stdout, "Batches/snapshots : %d\n",
FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots);
fprintf(stdout, "Purge redundant %% : %d\n",
FLAGS_purge_redundant_percent);
fprintf(stdout, "Num keys per lock : %d\n",
1 << FLAGS_log2_keys_per_lock);
const char* compression = "";
switch (FLAGS_compression_type) {
case leveldb::kNoCompression:
compression = "none";
break;
case leveldb::kSnappyCompression:
compression = "snappy";
break;
case leveldb::kZlibCompression:
compression = "zlib";
break;
case leveldb::kBZip2Compression:
compression = "bzip2";
break;
}
fprintf(stdout, "Compression : %s\n", compression);
fprintf(stdout, "------------------------------------------------\n");
}
void Open() {
assert(db_ == nullptr);
Options options;
options.block_cache = cache_;
options.write_buffer_size = FLAGS_write_buffer_size;
options.max_write_buffer_number = FLAGS_max_write_buffer_number;
options.max_background_compactions = FLAGS_max_background_compactions;
options.hybrid_mode = FLAGS_hybrid_mode;
options.block_size = FLAGS_block_size;
options.filter_policy = filter_policy_;
options.max_open_files = FLAGS_open_files;
options.statistics = dbstats;
options.env = FLAGS_env;
options.disableDataSync = FLAGS_disable_data_sync;
options.use_fsync = FLAGS_use_fsync;
options.allow_mmap_reads = FLAGS_use_mmap_reads;
leveldb_kill_odds = FLAGS_kill_random_test;
options.target_file_size_base = FLAGS_target_file_size_base;
options.target_file_size_multiplier = FLAGS_target_file_size_multiplier;
options.max_bytes_for_level_base = FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_base;
options.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier =
FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier;
options.level0_stop_writes_trigger = FLAGS_level0_stop_writes_trigger;
options.level0_slowdown_writes_trigger =
FLAGS_level0_slowdown_writes_trigger;
options.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger =
FLAGS_level0_file_num_compaction_trigger;
options.compression = FLAGS_compression_type;
options.create_if_missing = true;
options.disable_seek_compaction = FLAGS_disable_seek_compaction;
options.delete_obsolete_files_period_micros =
FLAGS_delete_obsolete_files_period_micros;
options.max_manifest_file_size = 1024;
static Random purge_percent(1000); // no benefit from non-determinism here
if (purge_percent.Uniform(100) < FLAGS_purge_redundant_percent - 1) {
options.purge_redundant_kvs_while_flush = false;
}
fprintf(stdout, "DB path: [%s]\n", FLAGS_db);
Status s;
if (FLAGS_ttl == -1) {
s = DB::Open(options, FLAGS_db, &db_);
} else {
s = UtilityDB::OpenTtlDB(options, FLAGS_db, &db_, FLAGS_ttl);
}
if (!s.ok()) {
fprintf(stderr, "open error: %s\n", s.ToString().c_str());
exit(1);
}
}
void Reopen() {
// do not close the db. Just delete the lock file. This
// simulates a crash-recovery kind of situation.
if (FLAGS_ttl != -1) {
((DBWithTTL*) db_)->TEST_Destroy_DBWithTtl();
} else {
((DBImpl*) db_)->TEST_Destroy_DBImpl();
}
db_ = nullptr;
num_times_reopened_++;
double now = FLAGS_env->NowMicros();
fprintf(stdout, "%s Reopening database for the %dth time\n",
FLAGS_env->TimeToString((uint64_t) now/1000000).c_str(),
num_times_reopened_);
Open();
}
void PrintStatistics() {
if (dbstats) {
fprintf(stdout, "File opened:%ld closed:%ld errors:%ld\n",
dbstats->getTickerCount(NO_FILE_OPENS),
dbstats->getTickerCount(NO_FILE_CLOSES),
dbstats->getTickerCount(NO_FILE_ERRORS));
}
}
private:
shared_ptr<Cache> cache_;
const FilterPolicy* filter_policy_;
DB* db_;
int num_times_reopened_;
};
} // namespace leveldb
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
FLAGS_write_buffer_size = leveldb::Options().write_buffer_size;
FLAGS_max_write_buffer_number = leveldb::Options().max_write_buffer_number;
FLAGS_open_files = leveldb::Options().max_open_files;
FLAGS_max_background_compactions =
leveldb::Options().max_background_compactions;
FLAGS_hybrid_mode =
leveldb::Options().hybrid_mode;
FLAGS_level0_file_num_compaction_trigger =
leveldb::Options().level0_file_num_compaction_trigger;
FLAGS_level0_slowdown_writes_trigger =
leveldb::Options().level0_slowdown_writes_trigger;
FLAGS_level0_stop_writes_trigger =
leveldb::Options().level0_stop_writes_trigger;
// Compression test code above refers to FLAGS_block_size
FLAGS_block_size = leveldb::Options().block_size;
std::string default_db_path;
for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
int n;
uint32_t u;
long l;
char junk;
char hdfsname[2048];
if (sscanf(argv[i], "--seed=%uf%c", &u, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_seed = u;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--max_key=%ld%c", &l, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_max_key = l;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--log2_keys_per_lock=%u%c", &u, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_log2_keys_per_lock = u;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--ops_per_thread=%u%c", &u, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_ops_per_thread = u;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--verbose=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_verbose = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--histogram=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_histogram = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--destroy_db_initially=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_destroy_db_initially = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--verify_before_write=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_verify_before_write = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--test_batches_snapshots=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1
&& (n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_test_batches_snapshots = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--threads=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_threads = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--ttl=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_ttl = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--value_size_mult=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_value_size_mult = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--write_buffer_size=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_write_buffer_size = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--max_write_buffer_number=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_max_write_buffer_number = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--max_background_compactions=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_max_background_compactions = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--hybrid_mode=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_hybrid_mode = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--cache_size=%ld%c", &l, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_cache_size = l;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--block_size=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_block_size = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--reopen=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 && n >= 0) {
FLAGS_reopen = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--bloom_bits=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_bloom_bits = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--open_files=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_open_files = n;
} else if (strncmp(argv[i], "--db=", 5) == 0) {
FLAGS_db = argv[i] + 5;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--verify_checksum=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_verify_checksum = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--mmap_read=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_use_mmap_reads = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--statistics=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
if (n == 1) {
dbstats = leveldb::CreateDBStatistics();
}
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--sync=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_sync = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--readpercent=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n >= 0 && n <= 100)) {
FLAGS_readpercent = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--delpercent=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n >= 0 && n <= 100)) {
FLAGS_delpercent = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--disable_data_sync=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_disable_data_sync = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--use_fsync=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_use_fsync = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--kill_random_test=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n >= 0)) {
FLAGS_kill_random_test = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--disable_wal=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1 &&
(n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_disable_wal = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--hdfs=%s", hdfsname) == 1) {
FLAGS_env = new leveldb::HdfsEnv(hdfsname);
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--target_file_size_base=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_target_file_size_base = n;
} else if ( sscanf(argv[i], "--target_file_size_multiplier=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_target_file_size_multiplier = n;
} else if (
sscanf(argv[i], "--max_bytes_for_level_base=%ld%c", &l, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_base = l;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--max_bytes_for_level_multiplier=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i],"--level0_stop_writes_trigger=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_level0_stop_writes_trigger = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i],"--level0_slowdown_writes_trigger=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_level0_slowdown_writes_trigger = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i],"--level0_file_num_compaction_trigger=%d%c",
&n, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = n;
} else if (strncmp(argv[i], "--compression_type=", 19) == 0) {
const char* ctype = argv[i] + 19;
if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "none"))
FLAGS_compression_type = leveldb::kNoCompression;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "snappy"))
FLAGS_compression_type = leveldb::kSnappyCompression;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "zlib"))
FLAGS_compression_type = leveldb::kZlibCompression;
else if (!strcasecmp(ctype, "bzip2"))
FLAGS_compression_type = leveldb::kBZip2Compression;
else {
fprintf(stdout, "Cannot parse %s\n", argv[i]);
}
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--disable_seek_compaction=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1
&& (n == 0 || n == 1)) {
FLAGS_disable_seek_compaction = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--delete_obsolete_files_period_micros=%ld%c",
&l, &junk) == 1) {
FLAGS_delete_obsolete_files_period_micros = n;
} else if (sscanf(argv[i], "--purge_redundant_percent=%d%c", &n, &junk) == 1
&& (n >= 0 && n <= 100)) {
FLAGS_purge_redundant_percent = n;
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid flag '%s'\n", argv[i]);
exit(1);
}
}
// The number of background threads should be at least as much the
// max number of concurrent compactions.
FLAGS_env->SetBackgroundThreads(FLAGS_max_background_compactions);
if ((FLAGS_readpercent + FLAGS_delpercent) > 100) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Read + Delete percents > 100!\n");
exit(1);
}
if (FLAGS_disable_wal == 1 && FLAGS_reopen > 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Db cannot reopen safely with disable_wal set!\n");
exit(1);
}
if ((unsigned)FLAGS_reopen >= FLAGS_ops_per_thread) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: #DB-reopens should be < ops_per_thread\n"
"Provided reopens = %d and ops_per_thread = %u\n", FLAGS_reopen,
FLAGS_ops_per_thread);
exit(1);
}
// Choose a location for the test database if none given with --db=<path>
if (FLAGS_db == nullptr) {
leveldb::Env::Default()->GetTestDirectory(&default_db_path);
default_db_path += "/dbstress";
FLAGS_db = default_db_path.c_str();
}
leveldb::StressTest stress;
stress.Run();
return 0;
}
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