// Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. // Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be // found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors. #include "table/plain/plain_table_reader.h" #include #include #include "db/dbformat.h" #include "memory/arena.h" #include "monitoring/histogram.h" #include "monitoring/perf_context_imp.h" #include "rocksdb/cache.h" #include "rocksdb/comparator.h" #include "rocksdb/env.h" #include "rocksdb/filter_policy.h" #include "rocksdb/options.h" #include "rocksdb/statistics.h" #include "table/block_based/block.h" #include "table/block_based/filter_block.h" #include "table/format.h" #include "table/get_context.h" #include "table/internal_iterator.h" #include "table/meta_blocks.h" #include "table/plain/plain_table_bloom.h" #include "table/plain/plain_table_factory.h" #include "table/plain/plain_table_key_coding.h" #include "table/two_level_iterator.h" #include "util/coding.h" #include "util/dynamic_bloom.h" #include "util/hash.h" #include "util/stop_watch.h" #include "util/string_util.h" namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE { namespace { // Safely getting a uint32_t element from a char array, where, starting from // `base`, every 4 bytes are considered as an fixed 32 bit integer. inline uint32_t GetFixed32Element(const char* base, size_t offset) { return DecodeFixed32(base + offset * sizeof(uint32_t)); } } // namespace // Iterator to iterate IndexedTable class PlainTableIterator : public InternalIterator { public: explicit PlainTableIterator(PlainTableReader* table, bool use_prefix_seek); // No copying allowed PlainTableIterator(const PlainTableIterator&) = delete; void operator=(const Iterator&) = delete; ~PlainTableIterator() override; bool Valid() const override; void SeekToFirst() override; void SeekToLast() override; void Seek(const Slice& target) override; void SeekForPrev(const Slice& target) override; void Next() override; void Prev() override; Slice key() const override; Slice value() const override; Status status() const override; private: PlainTableReader* table_; PlainTableKeyDecoder decoder_; bool use_prefix_seek_; uint32_t offset_; uint32_t next_offset_; Slice key_; Slice value_; Status status_; }; PlainTableReader::PlainTableReader( const ImmutableOptions& ioptions, std::unique_ptr&& file, const EnvOptions& storage_options, const InternalKeyComparator& icomparator, EncodingType encoding_type, uint64_t file_size, const TableProperties* table_properties, const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor) : internal_comparator_(icomparator), encoding_type_(encoding_type), full_scan_mode_(false), user_key_len_(static_cast(table_properties->fixed_key_len)), prefix_extractor_(prefix_extractor), enable_bloom_(false), bloom_(6), file_info_(std::move(file), storage_options, static_cast(table_properties->data_size)), ioptions_(ioptions), file_size_(file_size), table_properties_(nullptr) {} PlainTableReader::~PlainTableReader() { // Should fix? status_.PermitUncheckedError(); } Status PlainTableReader::Open( const ImmutableOptions& ioptions, const EnvOptions& env_options, const InternalKeyComparator& internal_comparator, std::unique_ptr&& file, uint64_t file_size, std::unique_ptr* table_reader, const int bloom_bits_per_key, double hash_table_ratio, size_t index_sparseness, size_t huge_page_tlb_size, bool full_scan_mode, const bool immortal_table, const SliceTransform* prefix_extractor) { if (file_size > PlainTableIndex::kMaxFileSize) { return Status::NotSupported("File is too large for PlainTableReader!"); } std::unique_ptr props; // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority const ReadOptions read_options; auto s = ReadTableProperties(file.get(), file_size, kPlainTableMagicNumber, ioptions, read_options, &props); if (!s.ok()) { return s; } assert(hash_table_ratio >= 0.0); auto& user_props = props->user_collected_properties; auto prefix_extractor_in_file = props->prefix_extractor_name; if (!full_scan_mode && !prefix_extractor_in_file.empty() /* old version sst file*/ && prefix_extractor_in_file != "nullptr") { if (!prefix_extractor) { return Status::InvalidArgument( "Prefix extractor is missing when opening a PlainTable built " "using a prefix extractor"); } else if (prefix_extractor_in_file != prefix_extractor->AsString()) { return Status::InvalidArgument( "Prefix extractor given doesn't match the one used to build " "PlainTable"); } } EncodingType encoding_type = kPlain; auto encoding_type_prop = user_props.find(PlainTablePropertyNames::kEncodingType); if (encoding_type_prop != user_props.end()) { encoding_type = static_cast( DecodeFixed32(encoding_type_prop->second.c_str())); } std::unique_ptr new_reader(new PlainTableReader( ioptions, std::move(file), env_options, internal_comparator, encoding_type, file_size, props.get(), prefix_extractor)); s = new_reader->MmapDataIfNeeded(); if (!s.ok()) { return s; } if (!full_scan_mode) { s = new_reader->PopulateIndex(props.get(), bloom_bits_per_key, hash_table_ratio, index_sparseness, huge_page_tlb_size); if (!s.ok()) { return s; } } else { // Flag to indicate it is a full scan mode so that none of the indexes // can be used. new_reader->full_scan_mode_ = true; } // PopulateIndex can add to the props, so don't store them until now new_reader->table_properties_ = std::move(props); if (immortal_table && new_reader->file_info_.is_mmap_mode) { new_reader->dummy_cleanable_.reset(new Cleanable()); } *table_reader = std::move(new_reader); return s; } void PlainTableReader::SetupForCompaction() {} InternalIterator* PlainTableReader::NewIterator( const ReadOptions& options, const SliceTransform* /* prefix_extractor */, Arena* arena, bool /*skip_filters*/, TableReaderCaller /*caller*/, size_t /*compaction_readahead_size*/, bool /* allow_unprepared_value */) { // Not necessarily used here, but make sure this has been initialized assert(table_properties_); // Auto prefix mode is not implemented in PlainTable. bool use_prefix_seek = !IsTotalOrderMode() && (options.prefix_same_as_start || (!options.total_order_seek && !options.auto_prefix_mode)); if (arena == nullptr) { return new PlainTableIterator(this, use_prefix_seek); } else { auto mem = arena->AllocateAligned(sizeof(PlainTableIterator)); return new (mem) PlainTableIterator(this, use_prefix_seek); } } Status PlainTableReader::PopulateIndexRecordList( PlainTableIndexBuilder* index_builder, std::vector* prefix_hashes) { Slice prev_key_prefix_slice; std::string prev_key_prefix_buf; uint32_t pos = data_start_offset_; bool is_first_record = true; Slice key_prefix_slice; PlainTableKeyDecoder decoder(&file_info_, encoding_type_, user_key_len_, prefix_extractor_); while (pos < file_info_.data_end_offset) { uint32_t key_offset = pos; ParsedInternalKey key; Slice value_slice; bool seekable = false; Status s = Next(&decoder, &pos, &key, nullptr, &value_slice, &seekable); if (!s.ok()) { return s; } key_prefix_slice = GetPrefix(key); if (enable_bloom_) { bloom_.AddHash(GetSliceHash(key.user_key)); } else { if (is_first_record || prev_key_prefix_slice != key_prefix_slice) { if (!is_first_record) { prefix_hashes->push_back(GetSliceHash(prev_key_prefix_slice)); } if (file_info_.is_mmap_mode) { prev_key_prefix_slice = key_prefix_slice; } else { prev_key_prefix_buf = key_prefix_slice.ToString(); prev_key_prefix_slice = prev_key_prefix_buf; } } } index_builder->AddKeyPrefix(GetPrefix(key), key_offset); if (!seekable && is_first_record) { return Status::Corruption("Key for a prefix is not seekable"); } is_first_record = false; } prefix_hashes->push_back(GetSliceHash(key_prefix_slice)); auto s = index_.InitFromRawData(index_builder->Finish()); return s; } void PlainTableReader::AllocateBloom(int bloom_bits_per_key, int num_keys, size_t huge_page_tlb_size) { uint32_t bloom_total_bits = num_keys * bloom_bits_per_key; if (bloom_total_bits > 0) { enable_bloom_ = true; bloom_.SetTotalBits(&arena_, bloom_total_bits, ioptions_.bloom_locality, huge_page_tlb_size, ioptions_.logger); } } void PlainTableReader::FillBloom(const std::vector& prefix_hashes) { assert(bloom_.IsInitialized()); for (const auto prefix_hash : prefix_hashes) { bloom_.AddHash(prefix_hash); } } Status PlainTableReader::MmapDataIfNeeded() { if (file_info_.is_mmap_mode) { // Get mmapped memory. return file_info_.file->Read(IOOptions(), 0, static_cast(file_size_), &file_info_.file_data, nullptr, nullptr); } return Status::OK(); } Status PlainTableReader::PopulateIndex(TableProperties* props, int bloom_bits_per_key, double hash_table_ratio, size_t index_sparseness, size_t huge_page_tlb_size) { assert(props != nullptr); BlockContents index_block_contents; // TODO: plumb Env::IOActivity, Env::IOPriority const ReadOptions read_options; Status s = ReadMetaBlock(file_info_.file.get(), nullptr /* prefetch_buffer */, file_size_, kPlainTableMagicNumber, ioptions_, read_options, PlainTableIndexBuilder::kPlainTableIndexBlock, BlockType::kIndex, &index_block_contents); bool index_in_file = s.ok(); BlockContents bloom_block_contents; bool bloom_in_file = false; // We only need to read the bloom block if index block is in file. if (index_in_file) { s = ReadMetaBlock(file_info_.file.get(), nullptr /* prefetch_buffer */, file_size_, kPlainTableMagicNumber, ioptions_, read_options, BloomBlockBuilder::kBloomBlock, BlockType::kFilter, &bloom_block_contents); bloom_in_file = s.ok() && bloom_block_contents.data.size() > 0; } Slice* bloom_block; if (bloom_in_file) { // If bloom_block_contents.allocation is not empty (which will be the case // for non-mmap mode), it holds the alloated memory for the bloom block. // It needs to be kept alive to keep `bloom_block` valid. bloom_block_alloc_ = std::move(bloom_block_contents.allocation); bloom_block = &bloom_block_contents.data; } else { bloom_block = nullptr; } Slice* index_block; if (index_in_file) { // If index_block_contents.allocation is not empty (which will be the case // for non-mmap mode), it holds the alloated memory for the index block. // It needs to be kept alive to keep `index_block` valid. index_block_alloc_ = std::move(index_block_contents.allocation); index_block = &index_block_contents.data; } else { index_block = nullptr; } if ((prefix_extractor_ == nullptr) && (hash_table_ratio != 0)) { // moptions.prefix_extractor is requried for a hash-based look-up. return Status::NotSupported( "PlainTable requires a prefix extractor enable prefix hash mode."); } // First, read the whole file, for every kIndexIntervalForSamePrefixKeys rows // for a prefix (starting from the first one), generate a record of (hash, // offset) and append it to IndexRecordList, which is a data structure created // to store them. if (!index_in_file) { // Allocate bloom filter here for total order mode. if (IsTotalOrderMode()) { AllocateBloom(bloom_bits_per_key, static_cast(props->num_entries), huge_page_tlb_size); } } else if (bloom_in_file) { enable_bloom_ = true; auto num_blocks_property = props->user_collected_properties.find( PlainTablePropertyNames::kNumBloomBlocks); uint32_t num_blocks = 0; if (num_blocks_property != props->user_collected_properties.end()) { Slice temp_slice(num_blocks_property->second); if (!GetVarint32(&temp_slice, &num_blocks)) { num_blocks = 0; } } // cast away const qualifier, because bloom_ won't be changed bloom_.SetRawData(const_cast(bloom_block->data()), static_cast(bloom_block->size()) * 8, num_blocks); } else { // Index in file but no bloom in file. Disable bloom filter in this case. enable_bloom_ = false; bloom_bits_per_key = 0; } PlainTableIndexBuilder index_builder(&arena_, ioptions_, prefix_extractor_, index_sparseness, hash_table_ratio, huge_page_tlb_size); std::vector prefix_hashes; if (!index_in_file) { // Populates _bloom if enabled (total order mode) s = PopulateIndexRecordList(&index_builder, &prefix_hashes); if (!s.ok()) { return s; } } else { s = index_.InitFromRawData(*index_block); if (!s.ok()) { return s; } } if (!index_in_file) { if (!IsTotalOrderMode()) { // Calculated bloom filter size and allocate memory for // bloom filter based on the number of prefixes, then fill it. AllocateBloom(bloom_bits_per_key, index_.GetNumPrefixes(), huge_page_tlb_size); if (enable_bloom_) { FillBloom(prefix_hashes); } } } // Fill two table properties. if (!index_in_file) { props->user_collected_properties["plain_table_hash_table_size"] = std::to_string(index_.GetIndexSize() * PlainTableIndex::kOffsetLen); props->user_collected_properties["plain_table_sub_index_size"] = std::to_string(index_.GetSubIndexSize()); } else { props->user_collected_properties["plain_table_hash_table_size"] = std::to_string(0); props->user_collected_properties["plain_table_sub_index_size"] = std::to_string(0); } return Status::OK(); } Status PlainTableReader::GetOffset(PlainTableKeyDecoder* decoder, const Slice& target, const Slice& prefix, uint32_t prefix_hash, bool& prefix_matched, uint32_t* offset) const { prefix_matched = false; uint32_t prefix_index_offset; auto res = index_.GetOffset(prefix_hash, &prefix_index_offset); if (res == PlainTableIndex::kNoPrefixForBucket) { *offset = file_info_.data_end_offset; return Status::OK(); } else if (res == PlainTableIndex::kDirectToFile) { *offset = prefix_index_offset; return Status::OK(); } // point to sub-index, need to do a binary search uint32_t upper_bound = 0; const char* base_ptr = index_.GetSubIndexBasePtrAndUpperBound(prefix_index_offset, &upper_bound); uint32_t low = 0; uint32_t high = upper_bound; ParsedInternalKey mid_key; ParsedInternalKey parsed_target; Status s = ParseInternalKey(target, &parsed_target, false /* log_err_key */); // TODO if (!s.ok()) { return s; } // The key is between [low, high). Do a binary search between it. while (high - low > 1) { uint32_t mid = (high + low) / 2; uint32_t file_offset = GetFixed32Element(base_ptr, mid); uint32_t tmp; s = decoder->NextKeyNoValue(file_offset, &mid_key, nullptr, &tmp); if (!s.ok()) { return s; } int cmp_result = internal_comparator_.Compare(mid_key, parsed_target); if (cmp_result < 0) { low = mid; } else { if (cmp_result == 0) { // Happen to have found the exact key or target is smaller than the // first key after base_offset. prefix_matched = true; *offset = file_offset; return Status::OK(); } else { high = mid; } } } // Both of the key at the position low or low+1 could share the same // prefix as target. We need to rule out one of them to avoid to go // to the wrong prefix. ParsedInternalKey low_key; uint32_t tmp; uint32_t low_key_offset = GetFixed32Element(base_ptr, low); s = decoder->NextKeyNoValue(low_key_offset, &low_key, nullptr, &tmp); if (!s.ok()) { return s; } if (GetPrefix(low_key) == prefix) { prefix_matched = true; *offset = low_key_offset; } else if (low + 1 < upper_bound) { // There is possible a next prefix, return it prefix_matched = false; *offset = GetFixed32Element(base_ptr, low + 1); } else { // target is larger than a key of the last prefix in this bucket // but with a different prefix. Key does not exist. *offset = file_info_.data_end_offset; } return Status::OK(); } bool PlainTableReader::MatchBloom(uint32_t hash) const { if (!enable_bloom_) { return true; } if (bloom_.MayContainHash(hash)) { PERF_COUNTER_ADD(bloom_sst_hit_count, 1); return true; } else { PERF_COUNTER_ADD(bloom_sst_miss_count, 1); return false; } } Status PlainTableReader::Next(PlainTableKeyDecoder* decoder, uint32_t* offset, ParsedInternalKey* parsed_key, Slice* internal_key, Slice* value, bool* seekable) const { if (*offset == file_info_.data_end_offset) { *offset = file_info_.data_end_offset; return Status::OK(); } if (*offset > file_info_.data_end_offset) { return Status::Corruption("Offset is out of file size"); } uint32_t bytes_read; Status s = decoder->NextKey(*offset, parsed_key, internal_key, value, &bytes_read, seekable); if (!s.ok()) { return s; } *offset = *offset + bytes_read; return Status::OK(); } void PlainTableReader::Prepare(const Slice& target) { if (enable_bloom_) { uint32_t prefix_hash = GetSliceHash(GetPrefix(target)); bloom_.Prefetch(prefix_hash); } } Status PlainTableReader::Get(const ReadOptions& /*ro*/, const Slice& target, GetContext* get_context, const SliceTransform* /* prefix_extractor */, bool /*skip_filters*/) { // Check bloom filter first. Slice prefix_slice; uint32_t prefix_hash; if (IsTotalOrderMode()) { if (full_scan_mode_) { status_ = Status::InvalidArgument("Get() is not allowed in full scan mode."); } // Match whole user key for bloom filter check. if (!MatchBloom(GetSliceHash(ExtractUserKey(target)))) { return Status::OK(); } // in total order mode, there is only one bucket 0, and we always use empty // prefix. prefix_slice = Slice(); prefix_hash = 0; } else { prefix_slice = GetPrefix(target); prefix_hash = GetSliceHash(prefix_slice); if (!MatchBloom(prefix_hash)) { return Status::OK(); } } uint32_t offset; bool prefix_match; PlainTableKeyDecoder decoder(&file_info_, encoding_type_, user_key_len_, prefix_extractor_); Status s = GetOffset(&decoder, target, prefix_slice, prefix_hash, prefix_match, &offset); if (!s.ok()) { return s; } ParsedInternalKey found_key; ParsedInternalKey parsed_target; s = ParseInternalKey(target, &parsed_target, false /* log_err_key */); // TODO if (!s.ok()) { return s; } Slice found_value; while (offset < file_info_.data_end_offset) { s = Next(&decoder, &offset, &found_key, nullptr, &found_value); if (!s.ok()) { return s; } if (!prefix_match) { // Need to verify prefix for the first key found if it is not yet // checked. if (GetPrefix(found_key) != prefix_slice) { return Status::OK(); } prefix_match = true; } // TODO(ljin): since we know the key comparison result here, // can we enable the fast path? if (internal_comparator_.Compare(found_key, parsed_target) >= 0) { bool dont_care __attribute__((__unused__)); bool ret = get_context->SaveValue(found_key, found_value, &dont_care, &s, dummy_cleanable_.get()); if (!s.ok()) { return s; } if (!ret) { break; } } } return Status::OK(); } uint64_t PlainTableReader::ApproximateOffsetOf( const ReadOptions& /*read_options*/, const Slice& /*key*/, TableReaderCaller /*caller*/) { return 0; } uint64_t PlainTableReader::ApproximateSize(const ReadOptions& /* read_options*/, const Slice& /*start*/, const Slice& /*end*/, TableReaderCaller /*caller*/) { return 0; } PlainTableIterator::PlainTableIterator(PlainTableReader* table, bool use_prefix_seek) : table_(table), decoder_(&table_->file_info_, table_->encoding_type_, table_->user_key_len_, table_->prefix_extractor_), use_prefix_seek_(use_prefix_seek) { next_offset_ = offset_ = table_->file_info_.data_end_offset; } PlainTableIterator::~PlainTableIterator() = default; bool PlainTableIterator::Valid() const { return offset_ < table_->file_info_.data_end_offset && offset_ >= table_->data_start_offset_; } void PlainTableIterator::SeekToFirst() { status_ = Status::OK(); next_offset_ = table_->data_start_offset_; if (next_offset_ >= table_->file_info_.data_end_offset) { next_offset_ = offset_ = table_->file_info_.data_end_offset; } else { Next(); } } void PlainTableIterator::SeekToLast() { assert(false); status_ = Status::NotSupported("SeekToLast() is not supported in PlainTable"); next_offset_ = offset_ = table_->file_info_.data_end_offset; } void PlainTableIterator::Seek(const Slice& target) { if (use_prefix_seek_ != !table_->IsTotalOrderMode()) { // This check is done here instead of NewIterator() to permit creating an // iterator with total_order_seek = true even if we won't be able to Seek() // it. This is needed for compaction: it creates iterator with // total_order_seek = true but usually never does Seek() on it, // only SeekToFirst(). status_ = Status::InvalidArgument( "total_order_seek not implemented for PlainTable."); offset_ = next_offset_ = table_->file_info_.data_end_offset; return; } // If the user doesn't set prefix seek option and we are not able to do a // total Seek(). assert failure. if (table_->IsTotalOrderMode()) { if (table_->full_scan_mode_) { status_ = Status::InvalidArgument("Seek() is not allowed in full scan mode."); offset_ = next_offset_ = table_->file_info_.data_end_offset; return; } else if (table_->GetIndexSize() > 1) { assert(false); status_ = Status::NotSupported( "PlainTable cannot issue non-prefix seek unless in total order " "mode."); offset_ = next_offset_ = table_->file_info_.data_end_offset; return; } } Slice prefix_slice = table_->GetPrefix(target); uint32_t prefix_hash = 0; // Bloom filter is ignored in total-order mode. if (!table_->IsTotalOrderMode()) { prefix_hash = GetSliceHash(prefix_slice); if (!table_->MatchBloom(prefix_hash)) { status_ = Status::OK(); offset_ = next_offset_ = table_->file_info_.data_end_offset; return; } } bool prefix_match; status_ = table_->GetOffset(&decoder_, target, prefix_slice, prefix_hash, prefix_match, &next_offset_); if (!status_.ok()) { offset_ = next_offset_ = table_->file_info_.data_end_offset; return; } if (next_offset_ < table_->file_info_.data_end_offset) { for (Next(); status_.ok() && Valid(); Next()) { if (!prefix_match) { // Need to verify the first key's prefix if (table_->GetPrefix(key()) != prefix_slice) { offset_ = next_offset_ = table_->file_info_.data_end_offset; break; } prefix_match = true; } if (table_->internal_comparator_.Compare(key(), target) >= 0) { break; } } } else { offset_ = table_->file_info_.data_end_offset; } } void PlainTableIterator::SeekForPrev(const Slice& /*target*/) { assert(false); status_ = Status::NotSupported("SeekForPrev() is not supported in PlainTable"); offset_ = next_offset_ = table_->file_info_.data_end_offset; } void PlainTableIterator::Next() { offset_ = next_offset_; if (offset_ < table_->file_info_.data_end_offset) { Slice tmp_slice; ParsedInternalKey parsed_key; status_ = table_->Next(&decoder_, &next_offset_, &parsed_key, &key_, &value_); if (!status_.ok()) { offset_ = next_offset_ = table_->file_info_.data_end_offset; } } } void PlainTableIterator::Prev() { assert(false); } Slice PlainTableIterator::key() const { assert(Valid()); return key_; } Slice PlainTableIterator::value() const { assert(Valid()); return value_; } Status PlainTableIterator::status() const { return status_; } } // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE