Add support to strip / pad timestamp when writing / reading a block (#11472)

Summary:
This patch adds support in `BlockBuilder` to strip user-defined timestamp from the `key` added via `Add(key, value)` and its equivalent APIs. The stripping logic is different when the key is either a user key or an internal key, so the `BlockBuilder` is created with a flag to indicate that. This patch also add support on the read path to APIs `NewIndexIterator`, `NewDataIterator` to support pad a min timestamp.

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/11472

Test Plan:
Three test modes are added to parameterize existing tests:
UserDefinedTimestampTestMode::kNone -> UDT feature is not enabled
UserDefinedTimestampTestMode::kNormal -> UDT feature enabled, write / read with min timestamp
UserDefinedTimestampTestMode::kStripUserDefinedTimestamps -> UDT feature enabled, write / read with min timestamp, set `persist_user_defined_timestamps` where it applies to false.
The tests read/write with min timestamp so that point read and range scan can correctly read values in all three test modes.

`block_test` are parameterized to run with above three test modes and some additional parameteriazation

```
make all check
./block_test --gtest_filter="P/BlockTest*"
./block_test --gtest_filter="P/IndexBlockTest*"
```

Reviewed By: ltamasi

Differential Revision: D46200539

Pulled By: jowlyzhang

fbshipit-source-id: 59f5d6b584639976b69c2943eba723bd47d9b3c0

db/dbformat.cc

@@ -101,6 +101,25 @@ void AppendUserKeyWithMaxTimestamp(std::string* result, const Slice& key,
   }
 }
 
+void PadInternalKeyWithMinTimestamp(std::string* result, const Slice& key,
+                                    size_t ts_sz) {
+  assert(ts_sz > 0);
+  size_t user_key_size = key.size() - kNumInternalBytes;
+  result->reserve(key.size() + ts_sz);
+  result->append(key.data(), user_key_size);
+  result->append(ts_sz, static_cast<unsigned char>(0));
+  result->append(key.data() + user_key_size, kNumInternalBytes);
+}
+
+void StripTimestampFromInternalKey(std::string* result, const Slice& key,
+                                   size_t ts_sz) {
+  assert(key.size() >= ts_sz + kNumInternalBytes);
+  result->reserve(key.size() - ts_sz);
+  result->append(key.data(), key.size() - kNumInternalBytes - ts_sz);
+  result->append(key.data() + key.size() - kNumInternalBytes,
+                 kNumInternalBytes);
+}
+
 std::string ParsedInternalKey::DebugString(bool log_err_key, bool hex) const {
   std::string result = "'";
   if (log_err_key) {

db/dbformat.h

@@ -195,6 +195,18 @@ extern void AppendKeyWithMaxTimestamp(std::string* result, const Slice& key,
 extern void AppendUserKeyWithMaxTimestamp(std::string* result, const Slice& key,
                                           size_t ts_sz);
 
+// `key` is an internal key containing a user key without timestamp. Create a
+// new key in *result by padding a min timestamp of size `ts_sz` to the user key
+// and copying the remaining internal key bytes.
+extern void PadInternalKeyWithMinTimestamp(std::string* result,
+                                           const Slice& key, size_t ts_sz);
+
+// `key` is an internal key containing a user key with timestamp of size
+// `ts_sz`. Create a new internal key in *result by stripping the timestamp from
+// the user key and copying the remaining internal key bytes.
+extern void StripTimestampFromInternalKey(std::string* result, const Slice& key,
+                                          size_t ts_sz);
+
 // Attempt to parse an internal key from "internal_key".  On success,
 // stores the parsed data in "*result", and returns true.
 //
@@ -504,6 +516,62 @@ class IterKey {
     key_size_ = total_size;
   }
 
+  // A version of `TrimAppend` assuming the last bytes of length `ts_sz` in the
+  // user key part of `key_` is not counted towards shared bytes. And the
+  // decoded key needed a min timestamp of length `ts_sz` pad to the user key.
+  void TrimAppendWithTimestamp(const size_t shared_len,
+                               const char* non_shared_data,
+                               const size_t non_shared_len,
+                               const size_t ts_sz) {
+    std::string kTsMin(ts_sz, static_cast<unsigned char>(0));
+    std::string key_with_ts;
+    std::vector<Slice> key_parts_with_ts;
+    if (IsUserKey()) {
+      key_parts_with_ts = {Slice(key_, shared_len),
+                           Slice(non_shared_data, non_shared_len),
+                           Slice(kTsMin)};
+    } else {
+      assert(shared_len + non_shared_len >= kNumInternalBytes);
+      // Invaraint: shared_user_key_len + shared_internal_bytes_len = shared_len
+      // In naming below `*_len` variables, keyword `user_key` refers to the
+      // user key part of the existing key in `key_` as apposed to the new key.
+      // Similary, `internal_bytes` refers to the footer part of the existing
+      // key. These bytes potentially will move between user key part and the
+      // footer part in the new key.
+      const size_t user_key_len = key_size_ - kNumInternalBytes;
+      const size_t sharable_user_key_len = user_key_len - ts_sz;
+      const size_t shared_user_key_len =
+          std::min(shared_len, sharable_user_key_len);
+      const size_t shared_internal_bytes_len = shared_len - shared_user_key_len;
+
+      // One Slice among the three Slices will get split into two Slices, plus
+      // a timestamp slice.
+      key_parts_with_ts.reserve(5);
+      bool ts_added = false;
+      // Add slice parts and find the right location to add the min timestamp.
+      MaybeAddKeyPartsWithTimestamp(
+          key_, shared_user_key_len,
+          shared_internal_bytes_len + non_shared_len < kNumInternalBytes,
+          shared_len + non_shared_len - kNumInternalBytes, kTsMin,
+          key_parts_with_ts, &ts_added);
+      MaybeAddKeyPartsWithTimestamp(
+          key_ + user_key_len, shared_internal_bytes_len,
+          non_shared_len < kNumInternalBytes,
+          shared_internal_bytes_len + non_shared_len - kNumInternalBytes,
+          kTsMin, key_parts_with_ts, &ts_added);
+      MaybeAddKeyPartsWithTimestamp(non_shared_data, non_shared_len,
+                                    non_shared_len >= kNumInternalBytes,
+                                    non_shared_len - kNumInternalBytes, kTsMin,
+                                    key_parts_with_ts, &ts_added);
+      assert(ts_added);
+    }
+
+    Slice new_key(SliceParts(&key_parts_with_ts.front(),
+                             static_cast<int>(key_parts_with_ts.size())),
+                  &key_with_ts);
+    SetKey(new_key);
+  }
+
   Slice SetKey(const Slice& key, bool copy = true) {
     // is_user_key_ expected to be set already via SetIsUserKey
     return SetKeyImpl(key, copy);
@@ -661,6 +729,23 @@ class IterKey {
   }
 
   void EnlargeBuffer(size_t key_size);
+
+  void MaybeAddKeyPartsWithTimestamp(const char* slice_data,
+                                     const size_t slice_sz, bool add_timestamp,
+                                     const size_t left_sz,
+                                     const std::string& min_timestamp,
+                                     std::vector<Slice>& key_parts,
+                                     bool* ts_added) {
+    if (add_timestamp && !*ts_added) {
+      assert(slice_sz >= left_sz);
+      key_parts.emplace_back(slice_data, left_sz);
+      key_parts.emplace_back(min_timestamp);
+      key_parts.emplace_back(slice_data + left_sz, slice_sz - left_sz);
+      *ts_added = true;
+    } else {
+      key_parts.emplace_back(slice_data, slice_sz);
+    }
+  }
 };
 
 // Convert from a SliceTransform of user keys, to a SliceTransform of

db/dbformat_test.cc

@@ -178,6 +178,79 @@ TEST_F(FormatTest, IterKeyOperation) {
                         "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"));
 }
 
+TEST_F(FormatTest, IterKeyWithTimestampOperation) {
+  IterKey k;
+  k.SetUserKey("");
+  const char p[] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+  const char q[] = "0123456789";
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::string(k.GetUserKey().data(), k.GetUserKey().size()),
+            std::string(""));
+
+  size_t ts_sz = 8;
+  std::string min_timestamp(ts_sz, static_cast<unsigned char>(0));
+  k.TrimAppendWithTimestamp(0, p, 3, ts_sz);
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::string(k.GetUserKey().data(), k.GetUserKey().size()),
+            "abc" + min_timestamp);
+
+  k.TrimAppendWithTimestamp(1, p, 3, ts_sz);
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::string(k.GetUserKey().data(), k.GetUserKey().size()),
+            "aabc" + min_timestamp);
+
+  k.TrimAppendWithTimestamp(0, p, 26, ts_sz);
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::string(k.GetUserKey().data(), k.GetUserKey().size()),
+            "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" + min_timestamp);
+
+  k.TrimAppendWithTimestamp(26, q, 10, ts_sz);
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::string(k.GetUserKey().data(), k.GetUserKey().size()),
+            "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789" + min_timestamp);
+
+  k.TrimAppendWithTimestamp(36, q, 1, ts_sz);
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::string(k.GetUserKey().data(), k.GetUserKey().size()),
+            "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz01234567890" + min_timestamp);
+
+  k.TrimAppendWithTimestamp(26, q, 1, ts_sz);
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::string(k.GetUserKey().data(), k.GetUserKey().size()),
+            "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0" + min_timestamp);
+
+  k.TrimAppendWithTimestamp(27, p, 26, ts_sz);
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::string(k.GetUserKey().data(), k.GetUserKey().size()),
+            "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0"
+            "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" +
+                min_timestamp);
+  // IterKey holds an internal key, the last 8 bytes hold the key footer, the
+  // timestamp is expected to be added before the key footer.
+  std::string key_without_ts = "keywithoutts";
+  k.SetInternalKey(key_without_ts + min_timestamp + "internal");
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::string(k.GetInternalKey().data(), k.GetInternalKey().size()),
+            key_without_ts + min_timestamp + "internal");
+  k.TrimAppendWithTimestamp(0, p, 10, ts_sz);
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::string(k.GetInternalKey().data(), k.GetInternalKey().size()),
+            "ab" + min_timestamp + "cdefghij");
+
+  k.TrimAppendWithTimestamp(1, p, 8, ts_sz);
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::string(k.GetInternalKey().data(), k.GetInternalKey().size()),
+            "a" + min_timestamp + "abcdefgh");
+
+  k.TrimAppendWithTimestamp(9, p, 3, ts_sz);
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::string(k.GetInternalKey().data(), k.GetInternalKey().size()),
+            "aabc" + min_timestamp + "defghabc");
+
+  k.TrimAppendWithTimestamp(10, q, 10, ts_sz);
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::string(k.GetInternalKey().data(), k.GetInternalKey().size()),
+            "aabcdefgha01" + min_timestamp + "23456789");
+
+  k.TrimAppendWithTimestamp(20, q, 1, ts_sz);
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::string(k.GetInternalKey().data(), k.GetInternalKey().size()),
+            "aabcdefgha012" + min_timestamp + "34567890");
+
+  k.TrimAppendWithTimestamp(21, p, 26, ts_sz);
+  ASSERT_EQ(
+      std::string(k.GetInternalKey().data(), k.GetInternalKey().size()),
+      "aabcdefgha01234567890abcdefghijklmnopqr" + min_timestamp + "stuvwxyz");
+}
+
 TEST_F(FormatTest, UpdateInternalKey) {
   std::string user_key("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");
   uint64_t new_seq = 0x123456;
@@ -204,6 +277,41 @@ TEST_F(FormatTest, RangeTombstoneSerializeEndKey) {
   ASSERT_LT(cmp.Compare(t.SerializeEndKey(), k), 0);
 }
 
+TEST_F(FormatTest, PadInternalKeyWithMinTimestamp) {
+  std::string orig_user_key = "foo";
+  std::string orig_internal_key = IKey(orig_user_key, 100, kTypeValue);
+  size_t ts_sz = 8;
+
+  std::string key_buf;
+  PadInternalKeyWithMinTimestamp(&key_buf, orig_internal_key, ts_sz);
+  ParsedInternalKey key_with_timestamp;
+  Slice in(key_buf);
+  ASSERT_OK(ParseInternalKey(in, &key_with_timestamp, true /*log_err_key*/));
+
+  std::string min_timestamp(ts_sz, static_cast<unsigned char>(0));
+  ASSERT_EQ(orig_user_key + min_timestamp, key_with_timestamp.user_key);
+  ASSERT_EQ(100, key_with_timestamp.sequence);
+  ASSERT_EQ(kTypeValue, key_with_timestamp.type);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FormatTest, StripTimestampFromInternalKey) {
+  std::string orig_user_key = "foo";
+  size_t ts_sz = 8;
+  std::string timestamp(ts_sz, static_cast<unsigned char>(0));
+  orig_user_key.append(timestamp.data(), timestamp.size());
+  std::string orig_internal_key = IKey(orig_user_key, 100, kTypeValue);
+
+  std::string key_buf;
+  StripTimestampFromInternalKey(&key_buf, orig_internal_key, ts_sz);
+  ParsedInternalKey key_without_timestamp;
+  Slice in(key_buf);
+  ASSERT_OK(ParseInternalKey(in, &key_without_timestamp, true /*log_err_key*/));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ("foo", key_without_timestamp.user_key);
+  ASSERT_EQ(100, key_without_timestamp.sequence);
+  ASSERT_EQ(kTypeValue, key_without_timestamp.type);
+}
+
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {

table/block_based/block.cc

@@ -634,13 +634,22 @@ bool BlockIter<TValue>::ParseNextKey(bool* is_shared) {
   } else {
     if (shared == 0) {
       *is_shared = false;
-      // If this key doesn't share any bytes with prev key then we don't need
+      // If this key doesn't share any bytes with prev key, and no min timestamp
-      // to decode it and can use its address in the block directly.
+      // needs to be padded to the key, then we don't need to decode it and
-      raw_key_.SetKey(Slice(p, non_shared), false /* copy */);
+      // can use its address in the block directly (no copy).
+      UpdateRawKeyAndMaybePadMinTimestamp(Slice(p, non_shared));
     } else {
       // This key share `shared` bytes with prev key, we need to decode it
       *is_shared = true;
-      raw_key_.TrimAppend(shared, p, non_shared);
+      // If user-defined timestamp is stripped from user key before keys are
+      // delta encoded, the decoded key consisting of the shared and non shared
+      // bytes do not have user-defined timestamp yet. We need to pad min
+      // timestamp to it.
+      if (pad_min_timestamp_) {
+        raw_key_.TrimAppendWithTimestamp(shared, p, non_shared, ts_sz_);
+      } else {
+        raw_key_.TrimAppend(shared, p, non_shared);
+      }
     }
     value_ = Slice(p + non_shared, value_length);
     if (shared == 0) {
@@ -686,7 +695,8 @@ bool IndexBlockIter::ParseNextIndexKey() {
   bool ok = (value_delta_encoded_) ? ParseNextKey<DecodeEntryV4>(&is_shared)
                                    : ParseNextKey<DecodeEntry>(&is_shared);
   if (ok) {
-    if (value_delta_encoded_ || global_seqno_state_ != nullptr) {
+    if (value_delta_encoded_ || global_seqno_state_ != nullptr ||
+        pad_min_timestamp_) {
       DecodeCurrentValue(is_shared);
     }
   }
@@ -732,6 +742,12 @@ void IndexBlockIter::DecodeCurrentValue(bool is_shared) {
                                          value_type);
     decoded_value_.first_internal_key = first_internal_key.GetKey();
   }
+  if (pad_min_timestamp_ && !decoded_value_.first_internal_key.empty()) {
+    first_internal_key_with_ts_.clear();
+    PadInternalKeyWithMinTimestamp(&first_internal_key_with_ts_,
+                                   decoded_value_.first_internal_key, ts_sz_);
+    decoded_value_.first_internal_key = first_internal_key_with_ts_;
+  }
 }
 
 template <class TValue>
@@ -817,7 +833,7 @@ bool BlockIter<TValue>::BinarySeek(const Slice& target, uint32_t* index,
       return false;
     }
     Slice mid_key(key_ptr, non_shared);
-    raw_key_.SetKey(mid_key, false /* copy */);
+    UpdateRawKeyAndMaybePadMinTimestamp(mid_key);
     int cmp = CompareCurrentKey(target);
     if (cmp < 0) {
       // Key at "mid" is smaller than "target". Therefore all
@@ -1080,9 +1096,12 @@ void Block::InitializeDataBlockProtectionInfo(uint8_t protection_bytes_per_key,
     //
     // We do not know global_seqno yet, so checksum computation and
     // verification all assume global_seqno = 0.
+    // TODO(yuzhangyu): handle the implication of padding timestamp for kv
+    // protection.
     std::unique_ptr<DataBlockIter> iter{NewDataIterator(
         raw_ucmp, kDisableGlobalSequenceNumber, nullptr /* iter */,
-        nullptr /* stats */, true /* block_contents_pinned */)};
+        nullptr /* stats */, true /* block_contents_pinned */,
+        true /* user_defined_timestamps_persisted */)};
     if (iter->status().ok()) {
       block_restart_interval_ = iter->GetRestartInterval();
     }
@@ -1123,11 +1142,14 @@ void Block::InitializeIndexBlockProtectionInfo(uint8_t protection_bytes_per_key,
     // raw_key_.GetKey() returned by iter->key() as the `key` part of key-value
     // checksum, and the content of this buffer do not change for different
     // values of `global_seqno` or `key_includes_seq`.
+    // TODO(yuzhangyu): handle the implication of padding timestamp for kv
+    // protection.
     std::unique_ptr<IndexBlockIter> iter{NewIndexIterator(
         raw_ucmp, kDisableGlobalSequenceNumber /* global_seqno */, nullptr,
         nullptr /* Statistics */, true /* total_order_seek */,
         index_has_first_key /* have_first_key */, false /* key_includes_seq */,
         value_is_full, true /* block_contents_pinned */,
+        true /* user_defined_timestamps_persisted*/,
         nullptr /* prefix_index */)};
     if (iter->status().ok()) {
       block_restart_interval_ = iter->GetRestartInterval();
@@ -1210,7 +1232,8 @@ MetaBlockIter* Block::NewMetaIterator(bool block_contents_pinned) {
 DataBlockIter* Block::NewDataIterator(const Comparator* raw_ucmp,
                                       SequenceNumber global_seqno,
                                       DataBlockIter* iter, Statistics* stats,
-                                      bool block_contents_pinned) {
+                                      bool block_contents_pinned,
+                                      bool user_defined_timestamps_persisted) {
   DataBlockIter* ret_iter;
   if (iter != nullptr) {
     ret_iter = iter;
@@ -1229,6 +1252,7 @@ DataBlockIter* Block::NewDataIterator(const Comparator* raw_ucmp,
     ret_iter->Initialize(
         raw_ucmp, data_, restart_offset_, num_restarts_, global_seqno,
         read_amp_bitmap_.get(), block_contents_pinned,
+        user_defined_timestamps_persisted,
         data_block_hash_index_.Valid() ? &data_block_hash_index_ : nullptr,
         protection_bytes_per_key_, kv_checksum_, block_restart_interval_);
     if (read_amp_bitmap_) {
@@ -1246,7 +1270,8 @@ IndexBlockIter* Block::NewIndexIterator(
     const Comparator* raw_ucmp, SequenceNumber global_seqno,
     IndexBlockIter* iter, Statistics* /*stats*/, bool total_order_seek,
     bool have_first_key, bool key_includes_seq, bool value_is_full,
-    bool block_contents_pinned, BlockPrefixIndex* prefix_index) {
+    bool block_contents_pinned, bool user_defined_timestamps_persisted,
+    BlockPrefixIndex* prefix_index) {
   IndexBlockIter* ret_iter;
   if (iter != nullptr) {
     ret_iter = iter;
@@ -1264,11 +1289,11 @@ IndexBlockIter* Block::NewIndexIterator(
   } else {
     BlockPrefixIndex* prefix_index_ptr =
         total_order_seek ? nullptr : prefix_index;
-    ret_iter->Initialize(raw_ucmp, data_, restart_offset_, num_restarts_,
+    ret_iter->Initialize(
-                         global_seqno, prefix_index_ptr, have_first_key,
+        raw_ucmp, data_, restart_offset_, num_restarts_, global_seqno,
-                         key_includes_seq, value_is_full, block_contents_pinned,
+        prefix_index_ptr, have_first_key, key_includes_seq, value_is_full,
-                         protection_bytes_per_key_, kv_checksum_,
+        block_contents_pinned, user_defined_timestamps_persisted,
-                         block_restart_interval_);
+        protection_bytes_per_key_, kv_checksum_, block_restart_interval_);
   }
 
   return ret_iter;

table/block_based/block.h

@@ -188,6 +188,9 @@ class Block {
   // will not go away (for example, it's from mmapped file which will not be
   // closed).
   //
+  // `user_defined_timestamps_persisted` controls whether a min timestamp is
+  // padded while key is being parsed from the block.
+  //
   // NOTE: for the hash based lookup, if a key prefix doesn't match any key,
   // the iterator will simply be set as "invalid", rather than returning
   // the key that is just pass the target key.
@@ -195,7 +198,8 @@ class Block {
                                  SequenceNumber global_seqno,
                                  DataBlockIter* iter = nullptr,
                                  Statistics* stats = nullptr,
-                                 bool block_contents_pinned = false);
+                                 bool block_contents_pinned = false,
+                                 bool user_defined_timestamps_persisted = true);
 
   // Returns an MetaBlockIter for iterating over blocks containing metadata
   // (like Properties blocks).  Unlike data blocks, the keys for these blocks
@@ -227,13 +231,15 @@ class Block {
   // first_internal_key. It affects data serialization format, so the same value
   // have_first_key must be used when writing and reading index.
   // It is determined by IndexType property of the table.
-  IndexBlockIter* NewIndexIterator(const Comparator* raw_ucmp,
+  // `user_defined_timestamps_persisted` controls whether a min timestamp is
-                                   SequenceNumber global_seqno,
+  // padded while key is being parsed from the block.
-                                   IndexBlockIter* iter, Statistics* stats,
+  IndexBlockIter* NewIndexIterator(
-                                   bool total_order_seek, bool have_first_key,
+      const Comparator* raw_ucmp, SequenceNumber global_seqno,
-                                   bool key_includes_seq, bool value_is_full,
+      IndexBlockIter* iter, Statistics* stats, bool total_order_seek,
-                                   bool block_contents_pinned = false,
+      bool have_first_key, bool key_includes_seq, bool value_is_full,
-                                   BlockPrefixIndex* prefix_index = nullptr);
+      bool block_contents_pinned = false,
+      bool user_defined_timestamps_persisted = true,
+      BlockPrefixIndex* prefix_index = nullptr);
 
   // Report an approximation of how much memory has been used.
   size_t ApproximateMemoryUsage() const;
@@ -440,6 +446,19 @@ class BlockIter : public InternalIteratorBase<TValue> {
   // Key to be exposed to users.
   Slice key_;
   SequenceNumber global_seqno_;
+  // Size of the user-defined timestamp.
+  size_t ts_sz_ = 0;
+  // If user-defined timestamp is enabled but not persisted. A min timestamp
+  // will be padded to the key during key parsing where it applies. Such as when
+  // parsing keys from data block, index block, parsing the first internal
+  // key from IndexValue entry. Min timestamp padding is different for when
+  // `raw_key_` is a user key vs is an internal key.
+  //
+  // This only applies to data block and index blocks including index block for
+  // data blocks, index block for partitioned filter blocks, index block for
+  // partitioned index blocks. In summary, this only applies to block whose key
+  // are real user keys or internal keys created from user keys.
+  bool pad_min_timestamp_;
 
   // Per key-value checksum related states
   const char* kv_checksum_;
@@ -505,6 +524,8 @@ class BlockIter : public InternalIteratorBase<TValue> {
   void InitializeBase(const Comparator* raw_ucmp, const char* data,
                       uint32_t restarts, uint32_t num_restarts,
                       SequenceNumber global_seqno, bool block_contents_pinned,
+                      bool user_defined_timestamp_persisted,
+
                       uint8_t protection_bytes_per_key, const char* kv_checksum,
                       uint32_t block_restart_interval) {
     assert(data_ == nullptr);  // Ensure it is called only once
@@ -517,6 +538,10 @@ class BlockIter : public InternalIteratorBase<TValue> {
     current_ = restarts_;
     restart_index_ = num_restarts_;
     global_seqno_ = global_seqno;
+    if (raw_ucmp != nullptr) {
+      ts_sz_ = raw_ucmp->timestamp_size();
+    }
+    pad_min_timestamp_ = ts_sz_ > 0 && !user_defined_timestamp_persisted;
     block_contents_pinned_ = block_contents_pinned;
     cache_handle_ = nullptr;
     cur_entry_idx_ = -1;
@@ -548,6 +573,20 @@ class BlockIter : public InternalIteratorBase<TValue> {
     CorruptionError(error_msg);
   }
 
+  void UpdateRawKeyAndMaybePadMinTimestamp(const Slice& key) {
+    if (pad_min_timestamp_) {
+      std::string buf;
+      if (raw_key_.IsUserKey()) {
+        AppendKeyWithMinTimestamp(&buf, key, ts_sz_);
+      } else {
+        PadInternalKeyWithMinTimestamp(&buf, key, ts_sz_);
+      }
+      raw_key_.SetKey(buf, true /* copy */);
+    } else {
+      raw_key_.SetKey(key, false /* copy */);
+    }
+  }
+
   // Must be called every time a key is found that needs to be returned to user,
   // and may be called when no key is found (as a no-op). Updates `key_`,
   // `key_buf_`, and `key_pinned_` with info about the found key.
@@ -658,11 +697,13 @@ class DataBlockIter final : public BlockIter<Slice> {
                   SequenceNumber global_seqno,
                   BlockReadAmpBitmap* read_amp_bitmap,
                   bool block_contents_pinned,
+                  bool user_defined_timestamps_persisted,
                   DataBlockHashIndex* data_block_hash_index,
                   uint8_t protection_bytes_per_key, const char* kv_checksum,
                   uint32_t block_restart_interval) {
     InitializeBase(raw_ucmp, data, restarts, num_restarts, global_seqno,
-                   block_contents_pinned, protection_bytes_per_key, kv_checksum,
+                   block_contents_pinned, user_defined_timestamps_persisted,
+                   protection_bytes_per_key, kv_checksum,
                    block_restart_interval);
     raw_key_.SetIsUserKey(false);
     read_amp_bitmap_ = read_amp_bitmap;
@@ -763,6 +804,7 @@ class MetaBlockIter final : public BlockIter<Slice> {
     // the raw key being a user key.
     InitializeBase(BytewiseComparator(), data, restarts, num_restarts,
                    kDisableGlobalSequenceNumber, block_contents_pinned,
+                   /* user_defined_timestamps_persisted */ true,
                    protection_bytes_per_key, kv_checksum,
                    block_restart_interval);
     raw_key_.SetIsUserKey(true);
@@ -800,12 +842,13 @@ class IndexBlockIter final : public BlockIter<IndexValue> {
                   SequenceNumber global_seqno, BlockPrefixIndex* prefix_index,
                   bool have_first_key, bool key_includes_seq,
                   bool value_is_full, bool block_contents_pinned,
+                  bool user_defined_timestamps_persisted,
                   uint8_t protection_bytes_per_key, const char* kv_checksum,
                   uint32_t block_restart_interval) {
     InitializeBase(raw_ucmp, data, restarts, num_restarts,
                    kDisableGlobalSequenceNumber, block_contents_pinned,
-                   protection_bytes_per_key, kv_checksum,
+                   user_defined_timestamps_persisted, protection_bytes_per_key,
-                   block_restart_interval);
+                   kv_checksum, block_restart_interval);
     raw_key_.SetIsUserKey(!key_includes_seq);
     prefix_index_ = prefix_index;
     value_delta_encoded_ = !value_is_full;
@@ -824,7 +867,8 @@ class IndexBlockIter final : public BlockIter<IndexValue> {
 
   IndexValue value() const override {
     assert(Valid());
-    if (value_delta_encoded_ || global_seqno_state_ != nullptr) {
+    if (value_delta_encoded_ || global_seqno_state_ != nullptr ||
+        pad_min_timestamp_) {
       return decoded_value_;
     } else {
       IndexValue entry;
@@ -899,6 +943,10 @@ class IndexBlockIter final : public BlockIter<IndexValue> {
 
   std::unique_ptr<GlobalSeqnoState> global_seqno_state_;
 
+  // Buffers the `first_internal_key` referred by `decoded_value_` when
+  // `pad_min_timestamp_` is true.
+  std::string first_internal_key_with_ts_;
+
   // Set *prefix_may_exist to false if no key possibly share the same prefix
   // as `target`. If not set, the result position should be the same as total
   // order Seek.

table/block_based/block_builder.cc

@@ -48,10 +48,14 @@ BlockBuilder::BlockBuilder(
     int block_restart_interval, bool use_delta_encoding,
     bool use_value_delta_encoding,
     BlockBasedTableOptions::DataBlockIndexType index_type,
-    double data_block_hash_table_util_ratio)
+    double data_block_hash_table_util_ratio, size_t ts_sz,
+    bool persist_user_defined_timestamps, bool is_user_key)
     : block_restart_interval_(block_restart_interval),
       use_delta_encoding_(use_delta_encoding),
       use_value_delta_encoding_(use_value_delta_encoding),
+      ts_sz_(ts_sz),
+      persist_user_defined_timestamps_(persist_user_defined_timestamps),
+      is_user_key_(is_user_key),
       restarts_(1, 0),  // First restart point is at offset 0
       counter_(0),
       finished_(false) {
@@ -96,6 +100,9 @@ size_t BlockBuilder::EstimateSizeAfterKV(const Slice& key,
   // Note: this is an imprecise estimate as it accounts for the whole key size
   // instead of non-shared key size.
   estimate += key.size();
+  if (ts_sz_ > 0 && !persist_user_defined_timestamps_) {
+    estimate -= ts_sz_;
+  }
   // In value delta encoding we estimate the value delta size as half the full
   // value size since only the size field of block handle is encoded.
   estimate +=
@@ -187,6 +194,15 @@ inline void BlockBuilder::AddWithLastKeyImpl(const Slice& key,
   assert(!finished_);
   assert(counter_ <= block_restart_interval_);
   assert(!use_value_delta_encoding_ || delta_value);
+  std::string key_buf;
+  std::string last_key_buf;
+  const Slice key_to_persist = MaybeStripTimestampFromKey(&key_buf, key);
+  // For delta key encoding, the first key in each restart interval doesn't have
+  // a last key to share bytes with.
+  const Slice last_key_persisted =
+      last_key.size() == 0
+          ? last_key
+          : MaybeStripTimestampFromKey(&last_key_buf, last_key);
   size_t shared = 0;  // number of bytes shared with prev key
   if (counter_ >= block_restart_interval_) {
     // Restart compression
@@ -195,10 +211,10 @@ inline void BlockBuilder::AddWithLastKeyImpl(const Slice& key,
     counter_ = 0;
   } else if (use_delta_encoding_) {
     // See how much sharing to do with previous string
-    shared = key.difference_offset(last_key);
+    shared = key_to_persist.difference_offset(last_key_persisted);
   }
 
-  const size_t non_shared = key.size() - shared;
+  const size_t non_shared = key_to_persist.size() - shared;
 
   if (use_value_delta_encoding_) {
     // Add "<shared><non_shared>" to buffer_
@@ -212,7 +228,7 @@ inline void BlockBuilder::AddWithLastKeyImpl(const Slice& key,
   }
 
   // Add string delta to buffer_ followed by value
-  buffer_.append(key.data() + shared, non_shared);
+  buffer_.append(key_to_persist.data() + shared, non_shared);
   // Use value delta encoding only when the key has shared bytes. This would
   // simplify the decoding, where it can figure which decoding to use simply by
   // looking at the shared bytes size.
@@ -222,6 +238,7 @@ inline void BlockBuilder::AddWithLastKeyImpl(const Slice& key,
     buffer_.append(value.data(), value.size());
   }
 
+  // TODO(yuzhangyu): make user defined timestamp work with block hash index.
   if (data_block_hash_index_builder_.Valid()) {
     data_block_hash_index_builder_.Add(ExtractUserKey(key),
                                        restarts_.size() - 1);
@@ -231,4 +248,17 @@ inline void BlockBuilder::AddWithLastKeyImpl(const Slice& key,
   estimate_ += buffer_.size() - buffer_size;
 }
 
+const Slice BlockBuilder::MaybeStripTimestampFromKey(std::string* key_buf,
+                                                     const Slice& key) {
+  Slice stripped_key = key;
+  if (ts_sz_ > 0 && !persist_user_defined_timestamps_) {
+    if (is_user_key_) {
+      stripped_key.remove_suffix(ts_sz_);
+    } else {
+      StripTimestampFromInternalKey(key_buf, key, ts_sz_);
+      stripped_key = *key_buf;
+    }
+  }
+  return stripped_key;
+}
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

table/block_based/block_builder.h

@@ -28,7 +28,10 @@ class BlockBuilder {
                         bool use_value_delta_encoding = false,
                         BlockBasedTableOptions::DataBlockIndexType index_type =
                             BlockBasedTableOptions::kDataBlockBinarySearch,
-                        double data_block_hash_table_util_ratio = 0.75);
+                        double data_block_hash_table_util_ratio = 0.75,
+                        size_t ts_sz = 0,
+                        bool persist_user_defined_timestamps = true,
+                        bool is_user_key = false);
 
   // Reset the contents as if the BlockBuilder was just constructed.
   void Reset();
@@ -83,11 +86,33 @@ class BlockBuilder {
                                  const Slice* const delta_value,
                                  size_t buffer_size);
 
+  inline const Slice MaybeStripTimestampFromKey(std::string* key_buf,
+                                                const Slice& key);
+
   const int block_restart_interval_;
   // TODO(myabandeh): put it into a separate IndexBlockBuilder
   const bool use_delta_encoding_;
   // Refer to BlockIter::DecodeCurrentValue for format of delta encoded values
   const bool use_value_delta_encoding_;
+  // Size in bytes for the user-defined timestamp in a user key.
+  const size_t ts_sz_;
+  // Whether the user-defined timestamp part in user keys should be persisted.
+  // If false, it will be stripped from the key before it's encoded.
+  const bool persist_user_defined_timestamps_;
+  // Whether the keys provided to build this block are user keys. If not,
+  // the keys are internal keys. This will affect how timestamp stripping is
+  // done for the key if `persisted_user_defined_timestamps_` is false and
+  // `ts_sz_` is non-zero.
+  // The timestamp stripping only applies to the keys added to the block. If the
+  // value contains user defined timestamp that needed to be stripped too, such
+  // as the `first_internal_key` in an `IndexValue` for an index block, the
+  // value part for a range deletion entry, their timestamp should be stripped
+  // before calling `BlockBuilder::Add`.
+  // Timestamp stripping only applies to data block and index blocks including
+  // index block for data blocks, index block for partitioned filter blocks,
+  // index block for partitioned index blocks. In summary, this only applies to
+  // block whose key are real user keys or internal keys created from user keys.
+  const bool is_user_key_;
 
   std::string buffer_;              // Destination buffer
   std::vector<uint32_t> restarts_;  // Restart points

table/block_based/block_test.cc

@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@
 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
 
 std::string GenerateInternalKey(int primary_key, int secondary_key,
-                                int padding_size, Random *rnd) {
+                                int padding_size, Random *rnd,
+                                size_t ts_sz = 0) {
   char buf[50];
   char *p = &buf[0];
   snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%6d%4d", primary_key, secondary_key);
@@ -43,6 +44,11 @@ std::string GenerateInternalKey(int primary_key, int secondary_key,
     k += rnd->RandomString(padding_size);
   }
   AppendInternalKeyFooter(&k, 0 /* seqno */, kTypeValue);
+  std::string key_with_ts;
+  if (ts_sz > 0) {
+    PadInternalKeyWithMinTimestamp(&key_with_ts, k, ts_sz);
+    return key_with_ts;
+  }
 
   return k;
 }
@@ -54,7 +60,7 @@ void GenerateRandomKVs(std::vector<std::string> *keys,
                        std::vector<std::string> *values, const int from,
                        const int len, const int step = 1,
                        const int padding_size = 0,
-                       const int keys_share_prefix = 1) {
+                       const int keys_share_prefix = 1, size_t ts_sz = 0) {
   Random rnd(302);
 
   // generate different prefix
@@ -62,7 +68,7 @@ void GenerateRandomKVs(std::vector<std::string> *keys,
     // generating keys that shares the prefix
     for (int j = 0; j < keys_share_prefix; ++j) {
       // `DataBlockIter` assumes it reads only internal keys.
-      keys->emplace_back(GenerateInternalKey(i, j, padding_size, &rnd));
+      keys->emplace_back(GenerateInternalKey(i, j, padding_size, &rnd, ts_sz));
 
       // 100 bytes values
       values->emplace_back(rnd.RandomString(100));
@@ -70,19 +76,39 @@ void GenerateRandomKVs(std::vector<std::string> *keys,
   }
 }
 
-class BlockTest : public testing::Test {};
+class BlockTest : public testing::Test,
+                  public testing::WithParamInterface<
+                      std::tuple<bool, test::UserDefinedTimestampTestMode>> {
+ public:
+  bool keyUseDeltaEncoding() const { return std::get<0>(GetParam()); }
+  bool isUDTEnabled() const {
+    return test::IsUDTEnabled(std::get<1>(GetParam()));
+  }
+  bool shouldPersistUDT() const {
+    return test::ShouldPersistUDT(std::get<1>(GetParam()));
+  }
+};
 
 // block test
-TEST_F(BlockTest, SimpleTest) {
+TEST_P(BlockTest, SimpleTest) {
   Random rnd(301);
   Options options = Options();
+  if (isUDTEnabled()) {
+    options.comparator = test::BytewiseComparatorWithU64TsWrapper();
+  }
+  size_t ts_sz = options.comparator->timestamp_size();
 
   std::vector<std::string> keys;
   std::vector<std::string> values;
-  BlockBuilder builder(16);
+  BlockBuilder builder(16, keyUseDeltaEncoding(),
+                       false /* use_value_delta_encoding */,
+                       BlockBasedTableOptions::kDataBlockBinarySearch,
+                       0.75 /* data_block_hash_table_util_ratio */, ts_sz,
+                       shouldPersistUDT(), false /* is_user_key */);
   int num_records = 100000;
 
-  GenerateRandomKVs(&keys, &values, 0, num_records);
+  GenerateRandomKVs(&keys, &values, 0, num_records, 1 /* step */,
+                    0 /* padding_size */, 1 /* keys_share_prefix */, ts_sz);
   // add a bunch of records to a block
   for (int i = 0; i < num_records; i++) {
     builder.Add(keys[i], values[i]);
@@ -98,8 +124,10 @@ TEST_F(BlockTest, SimpleTest) {
 
   // read contents of block sequentially
   int count = 0;
-  InternalIterator *iter =
+  InternalIterator *iter = reader.NewDataIterator(
-      reader.NewDataIterator(options.comparator, kDisableGlobalSequenceNumber);
+      options.comparator, kDisableGlobalSequenceNumber, nullptr /* iter */,
+      nullptr /* stats */, false /* block_contents_pinned */,
+      shouldPersistUDT());
   for (iter->SeekToFirst(); iter->Valid(); count++, iter->Next()) {
     // read kv from block
     Slice k = iter->key();
@@ -112,8 +140,10 @@ TEST_F(BlockTest, SimpleTest) {
   delete iter;
 
   // read block contents randomly
-  iter =
+  iter = reader.NewDataIterator(
-      reader.NewDataIterator(options.comparator, kDisableGlobalSequenceNumber);
+      options.comparator, kDisableGlobalSequenceNumber, nullptr /* iter */,
+      nullptr /* stats */, false /* block_contents_pinned */,
+      shouldPersistUDT());
   for (int i = 0; i < num_records; i++) {
     // find a random key in the lookaside array
     int index = rnd.Uniform(num_records);
@@ -132,8 +162,15 @@ TEST_F(BlockTest, SimpleTest) {
 BlockContents GetBlockContents(std::unique_ptr<BlockBuilder> *builder,
                                const std::vector<std::string> &keys,
                                const std::vector<std::string> &values,
+                               bool key_use_delta_encoding, size_t ts_sz,
+                               bool should_persist_udt,
                                const int /*prefix_group_size*/ = 1) {
-  builder->reset(new BlockBuilder(1 /* restart interval */));
+  builder->reset(
+      new BlockBuilder(1 /* restart interval */, key_use_delta_encoding,
+                       false /* use_value_delta_encoding */,
+                       BlockBasedTableOptions::kDataBlockBinarySearch,
+                       0.75 /* data_block_hash_table_util_ratio */, ts_sz,
+                       should_persist_udt, false /* is_user_key */));
 
   // Add only half of the keys
   for (size_t i = 0; i < keys.size(); ++i) {
@@ -149,7 +186,8 @@ BlockContents GetBlockContents(std::unique_ptr<BlockBuilder> *builder,
 
 void CheckBlockContents(BlockContents contents, const int max_key,
                         const std::vector<std::string> &keys,
-                        const std::vector<std::string> &values) {
+                        const std::vector<std::string> &values,
+                        bool is_udt_enabled, bool should_persist_udt) {
   const size_t prefix_size = 6;
   // create block reader
   BlockContents contents_ref(contents.data);
@@ -160,7 +198,10 @@ void CheckBlockContents(BlockContents contents, const int max_key,
       NewFixedPrefixTransform(prefix_size));
 
   std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> regular_iter(reader2.NewDataIterator(
-      BytewiseComparator(), kDisableGlobalSequenceNumber));
+      is_udt_enabled ? test::BytewiseComparatorWithU64TsWrapper()
+                     : BytewiseComparator(),
+      kDisableGlobalSequenceNumber, nullptr /* iter */, nullptr /* stats */,
+      false /* block_contents_pinned */, should_persist_udt));
 
   // Seek existent keys
   for (size_t i = 0; i < keys.size(); i++) {
@@ -178,46 +219,62 @@ void CheckBlockContents(BlockContents contents, const int max_key,
   // return the one that is closest.
   for (int i = 1; i < max_key - 1; i += 2) {
     // `DataBlockIter` assumes its APIs receive only internal keys.
-    auto key = GenerateInternalKey(i, 0, 0, nullptr);
+    auto key = GenerateInternalKey(i, 0, 0, nullptr,
+                                   is_udt_enabled ? 8 : 0 /* ts_sz */);
     regular_iter->Seek(key);
     ASSERT_TRUE(regular_iter->Valid());
   }
 }
 
 // In this test case, no two key share same prefix.
-TEST_F(BlockTest, SimpleIndexHash) {
+TEST_P(BlockTest, SimpleIndexHash) {
   const int kMaxKey = 100000;
+  size_t ts_sz = isUDTEnabled() ? 8 : 0;
   std::vector<std::string> keys;
   std::vector<std::string> values;
   GenerateRandomKVs(&keys, &values, 0 /* first key id */,
                     kMaxKey /* last key id */, 2 /* step */,
-                    8 /* padding size (8 bytes randomly generated suffix) */);
+                    8 /* padding size (8 bytes randomly generated suffix) */,
+                    1 /* keys_share_prefix */, ts_sz);
 
   std::unique_ptr<BlockBuilder> builder;
-  auto contents = GetBlockContents(&builder, keys, values);
+  auto contents = GetBlockContents(
+      &builder, keys, values, keyUseDeltaEncoding(), ts_sz, shouldPersistUDT());
 
-  CheckBlockContents(std::move(contents), kMaxKey, keys, values);
+  CheckBlockContents(std::move(contents), kMaxKey, keys, values, isUDTEnabled(),
+                     shouldPersistUDT());
 }
 
-TEST_F(BlockTest, IndexHashWithSharedPrefix) {
+TEST_P(BlockTest, IndexHashWithSharedPrefix) {
   const int kMaxKey = 100000;
   // for each prefix, there will be 5 keys starts with it.
   const int kPrefixGroup = 5;
+  size_t ts_sz = isUDTEnabled() ? 8 : 0;
   std::vector<std::string> keys;
   std::vector<std::string> values;
   // Generate keys with same prefix.
   GenerateRandomKVs(&keys, &values, 0,  // first key id
                     kMaxKey,            // last key id
-                    2,                  // step
+                    2 /* step */,
-                    10,                 // padding size,
+                    10 /* padding size (8 bytes randomly generated suffix) */,
-                    kPrefixGroup);
+                    kPrefixGroup /* keys_share_prefix */, ts_sz);
 
   std::unique_ptr<BlockBuilder> builder;
-  auto contents = GetBlockContents(&builder, keys, values, kPrefixGroup);
+  auto contents =
+      GetBlockContents(&builder, keys, values, keyUseDeltaEncoding(),
+                       isUDTEnabled(), shouldPersistUDT(), kPrefixGroup);
 
-  CheckBlockContents(std::move(contents), kMaxKey, keys, values);
+  CheckBlockContents(std::move(contents), kMaxKey, keys, values, isUDTEnabled(),
+                     shouldPersistUDT());
 }
 
+// Param 0: key use delta encoding
+// Param 1: user-defined timestamp test mode
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+    P, BlockTest,
+    ::testing::Combine(::testing::Bool(),
+                       ::testing::ValuesIn(test::GetUDTTestModes())));
+
 // A slow and accurate version of BlockReadAmpBitmap that simply store
 // all the marked ranges in a set.
 class BlockReadAmpBitmapSlowAndAccurate {
@@ -362,7 +419,7 @@ TEST_F(BlockTest, BlockWithReadAmpBitmap) {
   BlockBuilder builder(16);
   int num_records = 10000;
 
-  GenerateRandomKVs(&keys, &values, 0, num_records, 1);
+  GenerateRandomKVs(&keys, &values, 0, num_records, 1 /* step */);
   // add a bunch of records to a block
   for (int i = 0; i < num_records; i++) {
     builder.Add(keys[i], values[i]);
@@ -495,19 +552,28 @@ TEST_F(BlockTest, ReadAmpBitmapPow2) {
 
 class IndexBlockTest
     : public testing::Test,
-      public testing::WithParamInterface<std::tuple<bool, bool>> {
+      public testing::WithParamInterface<
+          std::tuple<bool, bool, bool, test::UserDefinedTimestampTestMode>> {
  public:
   IndexBlockTest() = default;
 
-  bool useValueDeltaEncoding() const { return std::get<0>(GetParam()); }
+  bool keyIncludesSeq() const { return std::get<0>(GetParam()); }
-  bool includeFirstKey() const { return std::get<1>(GetParam()); }
+  bool useValueDeltaEncoding() const { return std::get<1>(GetParam()); }
+  bool includeFirstKey() const { return std::get<2>(GetParam()); }
+  bool isUDTEnabled() const {
+    return test::IsUDTEnabled(std::get<3>(GetParam()));
+  }
+  bool shouldPersistUDT() const {
+    return test::ShouldPersistUDT(std::get<3>(GetParam()));
+  }
 };
 
 // Similar to GenerateRandomKVs but for index block contents.
 void GenerateRandomIndexEntries(std::vector<std::string> *separators,
                                 std::vector<BlockHandle> *block_handles,
                                 std::vector<std::string> *first_keys,
-                                const int len, bool zero_seqno = false) {
+                                const int len, size_t ts_sz = 0,
+                                bool zero_seqno = false) {
   Random rnd(42);
 
   // For each of `len` blocks, we need to generate a first and last key.
@@ -519,7 +585,13 @@ void GenerateRandomIndexEntries(std::vector<std::string> *separators,
     if (zero_seqno) {
       AppendInternalKeyFooter(&new_key, 0 /* seqno */, kTypeValue);
     }
-    keys.insert(std::move(new_key));
+    if (ts_sz > 0) {
+      std::string key;
+      PadInternalKeyWithMinTimestamp(&key, new_key, ts_sz);
+      keys.insert(std::move(key));
+    } else {
+      keys.insert(std::move(new_key));
+    }
   }
 
   uint64_t offset = 0;
@@ -536,19 +608,34 @@ void GenerateRandomIndexEntries(std::vector<std::string> *separators,
 TEST_P(IndexBlockTest, IndexValueEncodingTest) {
   Random rnd(301);
   Options options = Options();
+  if (isUDTEnabled()) {
+    options.comparator = test::BytewiseComparatorWithU64TsWrapper();
+  }
+  size_t ts_sz = options.comparator->timestamp_size();
 
   std::vector<std::string> separators;
   std::vector<BlockHandle> block_handles;
   std::vector<std::string> first_keys;
   const bool kUseDeltaEncoding = true;
-  BlockBuilder builder(16, kUseDeltaEncoding, useValueDeltaEncoding());
+  BlockBuilder builder(16, kUseDeltaEncoding, useValueDeltaEncoding(),
+                       BlockBasedTableOptions::kDataBlockBinarySearch,
+                       0.75 /* data_block_hash_table_util_ratio */, ts_sz,
+                       shouldPersistUDT(), !keyIncludesSeq());
+
   int num_records = 100;
 
   GenerateRandomIndexEntries(&separators, &block_handles, &first_keys,
-                             num_records);
+                             num_records, ts_sz, false /* zero_seqno */);
   BlockHandle last_encoded_handle;
   for (int i = 0; i < num_records; i++) {
-    IndexValue entry(block_handles[i], first_keys[i]);
+    std::string first_key_to_persist_buf;
+    Slice first_internal_key = first_keys[i];
+    if (ts_sz > 0 && !shouldPersistUDT()) {
+      StripTimestampFromInternalKey(&first_key_to_persist_buf, first_keys[i],
+                                    ts_sz);
+      first_internal_key = first_key_to_persist_buf;
+    }
+    IndexValue entry(block_handles[i], first_internal_key);
     std::string encoded_entry;
     std::string delta_encoded_entry;
     entry.EncodeTo(&encoded_entry, includeFirstKey(), nullptr);
@@ -558,7 +645,13 @@ TEST_P(IndexBlockTest, IndexValueEncodingTest) {
     }
     last_encoded_handle = entry.handle;
     const Slice delta_encoded_entry_slice(delta_encoded_entry);
-    builder.Add(separators[i], encoded_entry, &delta_encoded_entry_slice);
+
+    if (keyIncludesSeq()) {
+      builder.Add(separators[i], encoded_entry, &delta_encoded_entry_slice);
+    } else {
+      const Slice user_key = ExtractUserKey(separators[i]);
+      builder.Add(user_key, encoded_entry, &delta_encoded_entry_slice);
+    }
   }
 
   // read serialized contents of the block
@@ -570,14 +663,14 @@ TEST_P(IndexBlockTest, IndexValueEncodingTest) {
   Block reader(std::move(contents));
 
   const bool kTotalOrderSeek = true;
-  const bool kIncludesSeq = true;
-  const bool kValueIsFull = !useValueDeltaEncoding();
   IndexBlockIter *kNullIter = nullptr;
   Statistics *kNullStats = nullptr;
   // read contents of block sequentially
   InternalIteratorBase<IndexValue> *iter = reader.NewIndexIterator(
       options.comparator, kDisableGlobalSequenceNumber, kNullIter, kNullStats,
-      kTotalOrderSeek, includeFirstKey(), kIncludesSeq, kValueIsFull);
+      kTotalOrderSeek, includeFirstKey(), keyIncludesSeq(),
+      !useValueDeltaEncoding(), false /* block_contents_pinned */,
+      shouldPersistUDT());
   iter->SeekToFirst();
   for (int index = 0; index < num_records; ++index) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
@@ -585,7 +678,12 @@ TEST_P(IndexBlockTest, IndexValueEncodingTest) {
     Slice k = iter->key();
     IndexValue v = iter->value();
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(separators[index], k.ToString());
+    if (keyIncludesSeq()) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(separators[index], k.ToString());
+    } else {
+      const Slice user_key = ExtractUserKey(separators[index]);
+      EXPECT_EQ(user_key, k);
+    }
     EXPECT_EQ(block_handles[index].offset(), v.handle.offset());
     EXPECT_EQ(block_handles[index].size(), v.handle.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(includeFirstKey() ? first_keys[index] : "",
@@ -598,7 +696,9 @@ TEST_P(IndexBlockTest, IndexValueEncodingTest) {
   // read block contents randomly
   iter = reader.NewIndexIterator(
       options.comparator, kDisableGlobalSequenceNumber, kNullIter, kNullStats,
-      kTotalOrderSeek, includeFirstKey(), kIncludesSeq, kValueIsFull);
+      kTotalOrderSeek, includeFirstKey(), keyIncludesSeq(),
+      !useValueDeltaEncoding(), false /* block_contents_pinned */,
+      shouldPersistUDT());
   for (int i = 0; i < num_records * 2; i++) {
     // find a random key in the lookaside array
     int index = rnd.Uniform(num_records);
@@ -608,7 +708,12 @@ TEST_P(IndexBlockTest, IndexValueEncodingTest) {
     iter->Seek(k);
     ASSERT_TRUE(iter->Valid());
     IndexValue v = iter->value();
-    EXPECT_EQ(separators[index], iter->key().ToString());
+    if (keyIncludesSeq()) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(separators[index], iter->key().ToString());
+    } else {
+      const Slice user_key = ExtractUserKey(separators[index]);
+      EXPECT_EQ(user_key, iter->key());
+    }
     EXPECT_EQ(block_handles[index].offset(), v.handle.offset());
     EXPECT_EQ(block_handles[index].size(), v.handle.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(includeFirstKey() ? first_keys[index] : "",
@@ -617,11 +722,15 @@ TEST_P(IndexBlockTest, IndexValueEncodingTest) {
   delete iter;
 }
 
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(P, IndexBlockTest,
+// Param 0: key includes sequence number (whether to use user key or internal
-                        ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple(false, false),
+// key as key entry in index block).
-                                          std::make_tuple(false, true),
+// Param 1: use value delta encoding
-                                          std::make_tuple(true, false),
+// Param 2: include first key
-                                          std::make_tuple(true, true)));
+// Param 3: user-defined timestamp test mode
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
+    P, IndexBlockTest,
+    ::testing::Combine(::testing::Bool(), ::testing::Bool(), ::testing::Bool(),
+                       ::testing::ValuesIn(test::GetUDTTestModes())));
 
 class BlockPerKVChecksumTest : public DBTestBase {
  public:
@@ -1110,7 +1219,7 @@ TEST_P(IndexBlockKVChecksumTest, ChecksumConstructionAndVerification) {
       std::vector<BlockHandle> block_handles;
       std::vector<std::string> first_keys;
       GenerateRandomIndexEntries(&separators, &block_handles, &first_keys,
-                                 kNumRecords,
+                                 kNumRecords, 0 /* ts_sz */,
                                  seqno != kDisableGlobalSequenceNumber);
       SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
       std::unique_ptr<Block_kIndex> index_block = GenerateIndexBlock(
@@ -1123,7 +1232,9 @@ TEST_P(IndexBlockKVChecksumTest, ChecksumConstructionAndVerification) {
           true /* total_order_seek */, IncludeFirstKey() /* have_first_key */,
           true /* key_includes_seq */,
           !UseValueDeltaEncoding() /* value_is_full */,
-          true /* block_contents_pinned */, nullptr /* prefix_index */)};
+          true /* block_contents_pinned*/,
+          true /* user_defined_timestamps_persisted */,
+          nullptr /* prefix_index */)};
       biter->SeekToFirst();
       const char *checksum_ptr = index_block->TEST_GetKVChecksum();
       // Check checksum of correct length is generated
@@ -1364,7 +1475,9 @@ class IndexBlockKVChecksumCorruptionTest : public IndexBlockKVChecksumTest {
         true /* total_order_seek */, IncludeFirstKey() /* have_first_key */,
         true /* key_includes_seq */,
         !UseValueDeltaEncoding() /* value_is_full */,
-        true /* block_contents_pinned */, nullptr /* prefix_index */)};
+        true /* block_contents_pinned */,
+        true /* user_defined_timestamps_persisted */,
+        nullptr /* prefix_index */)};
     SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
     return biter;
   }
@@ -1407,7 +1520,7 @@ TEST_P(IndexBlockKVChecksumCorruptionTest, CorruptEntry) {
       std::vector<BlockHandle> block_handles;
       std::vector<std::string> first_keys;
       GenerateRandomIndexEntries(&separators, &block_handles, &first_keys,
-                                 kNumRecords,
+                                 kNumRecords, 0 /* ts_sz */,
                                  seqno != kDisableGlobalSequenceNumber);
       SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
           "BlockIter::UpdateKey::value", [](void *arg) {
@@ -1540,4 +1653,4 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::port::InstallStackTraceHandler();
   ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
   return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-}
+}

table/block_based/hash_index_reader.cc

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ InternalIteratorBase<IndexValue>* HashIndexReader::NewIterator(
       rep->get_global_seqno(BlockType::kIndex), iter, kNullStats,
       total_order_seek, index_has_first_key(), index_key_includes_seq(),
       index_value_is_full(), false /* block_contents_pinned */,
-      prefix_index_.get());
+      true /* user_defined_timestamps_persisted */, prefix_index_.get());
 
   assert(it != nullptr);
   index_block.TransferTo(it);

test_util/testutil.cc

@@ -72,6 +72,22 @@ std::string RandomKey(Random* rnd, int len, RandomKeyType type) {
   return result;
 }
 
+const std::vector<UserDefinedTimestampTestMode>& GetUDTTestModes() {
+  static std::vector<UserDefinedTimestampTestMode> udt_test_modes = {
+      UserDefinedTimestampTestMode::kStripUserDefinedTimestamp,
+      UserDefinedTimestampTestMode::kNormal,
+      UserDefinedTimestampTestMode::kNone};
+  return udt_test_modes;
+}
+
+bool IsUDTEnabled(const UserDefinedTimestampTestMode& test_mode) {
+  return test_mode != UserDefinedTimestampTestMode::kNone;
+}
+
+bool ShouldPersistUDT(const UserDefinedTimestampTestMode& test_mode) {
+  return test_mode != UserDefinedTimestampTestMode::kStripUserDefinedTimestamp;
+}
+
 extern Slice CompressibleString(Random* rnd, double compressed_fraction,
                                 int len, std::string* dst) {
   int raw = static_cast<int>(len * compressed_fraction);

test_util/testutil.h

@@ -52,6 +52,22 @@ enum RandomKeyType : char { RANDOM, LARGEST, SMALLEST, MIDDLE };
 extern std::string RandomKey(Random* rnd, int len,
                              RandomKeyType type = RandomKeyType::RANDOM);
 
+enum class UserDefinedTimestampTestMode {
+  // Test does not enable user-defined timestamp feature.
+  kNone,
+  // Test enables user-defined timestamp feature. Write/read with min timestamps
+  kNormal,
+  // Test enables user-defined timestamp feature. Write/read with min timestamps
+  // Set `persist_user_defined_timestamps` to false.
+  kStripUserDefinedTimestamp,
+};
+
+extern const std::vector<UserDefinedTimestampTestMode>& GetUDTTestModes();
+
+extern bool IsUDTEnabled(const UserDefinedTimestampTestMode& test_mode);
+
+extern bool ShouldPersistUDT(const UserDefinedTimestampTestMode& test_mode);
+
 // Store in *dst a string of length "len" that will compress to
 // "N*compressed_fraction" bytes and return a Slice that references
 // the generated data.