HyperClockCache support for SecondaryCache, with refactoring (#11301)

Summary:
Internally refactors SecondaryCache integration out of LRUCache specifically and into a wrapper/adapter class that works with various Cache implementations. Notably, this relies on separating the notion of async lookup handles from other cache handles, so that HyperClockCache doesn't have to deal with the problem of allocating handles from the hash table for lookups that might fail anyway, and might be on the same key without support for coalescing. (LRUCache's hash table can incorporate previously allocated handles thanks to its pointer indirection.) Specifically, I'm worried about the case in which hundreds of threads try to access the same block and probing in the hash table degrades to linear search on the pile of entries with the same key.

This change is a big step in the direction of supporting stacked SecondaryCaches, but there are obstacles to completing that. Especially, there is no SecondaryCache hook for evictions to pass from one to the next. It has been proposed that evictions be transmitted simply as the persisted data (as in SaveToCallback), but given the current structure provided by the CacheItemHelpers, that would require an extra copy of the block data, because there's intentionally no way to ask for a contiguous Slice of the data (to allow for flexibility in storage). `AsyncLookupHandle` and the re-worked `WaitAll()` should be essentially prepared for stacked SecondaryCaches, but several "TODO with stacked secondaries" issues remain in various places.

It could be argued that the stacking instead be done as a SecondaryCache adapter that wraps two (or more) SecondaryCaches, but at least with the current API that would require an extra heap allocation on SecondaryCache Lookup for a wrapper SecondaryCacheResultHandle that can transfer a Lookup between secondaries. We could also consider trying to unify the Cache and SecondaryCache APIs, though that might be difficult if `AsyncLookupHandle` is kept a fixed struct.

## cache.h (public API)
Moves `secondary_cache` option from LRUCacheOptions to ShardedCacheOptions so that it is applicable to HyperClockCache.

## advanced_cache.h (advanced public API)
* Add `Cache::CreateStandalone()` so that the SecondaryCache support wrapper can use it.
* Add `SetEvictionCallback()` / `eviction_callback_` so that the SecondaryCache support wrapper can use it. Only a single callback is supported for efficiency. If there is ever a need for more than one, hopefully that can be handled with a broadcast callback wrapper.

These are essentially the two "extra" pieces of `Cache` for pulling out specific SecondaryCache support from the `Cache` implementation. I think it's a good trade-off as these are reasonable, limited, and reusable "cut points" into the `Cache` implementations.

* Remove async capability from standard `Lookup()` (getting rid of awkward restrictions on pending Handles) and add `AsyncLookupHandle` and `StartAsyncLookup()`. As noted in the comments, the full struct of `AsyncLookupHandle` is exposed so that it can be stack allocated, for efficiency, though more data is being copied around than before, which could impact performance. (Lookup info -> AsyncLookupHandle -> Handle vs. Lookup info -> Handle)

I could foresee a future in which a Cache internally saves a pointer to the AsyncLookupHandle, which means it's dangerous to allow it to be copyable or even movable. It also means it's not compatible with std::vector (which I don't like requiring as an API parameter anyway), so `WaitAll()` expects any contiguous array of AsyncLookupHandles. I believe this is best for common case efficiency, while behaving well in other cases also. For example, `WaitAll()` has no effect on default-constructed AsyncLookupHandles, which look like a completed cache miss.

## cacheable_entry.h
A couple of functions are obsolete because Cache::Handle can no longer be pending.

## cache.cc
Provides default implementations for new or revamped Cache functions, especially appropriate for non-blocking caches.

## secondary_cache_adapter.{h,cc}
The full details of the Cache wrapper adding SecondaryCache support. Essentially replicates the SecondaryCache handling that was in LRUCache, but obviously refactored. There is a bit of logic duplication, where Lookup() is essentially a manually optimized version of StartAsyncLookup() and Wait(), but it's roughly a dozen lines of code.

## sharded_cache.h, typed_cache.h, charged_cache.{h,cc}, sim_cache.cc
Simply updated for Cache API changes.

## lru_cache.{h,cc}
Carefully remove SecondaryCache logic, implement `CreateStandalone` and eviction handler functionality.

## clock_cache.{h,cc}
Expose existing `CreateStandalone` functionality, add eviction handler functionality. Light refactoring.

## block_based_table_reader*
Mostly re-worked the only usage of async Lookup, which is in BlockBasedTable::MultiGet. Used arrays in place of autovector in some places for efficiency. Simplified some logic by not trying to process some cache results before they're all ready.

Created new function `BlockBasedTable::GetCachePriority()` to reduce some pre-existing code duplication (and avoid making it worse).

Fixed at least one small bug from the prior confusing mixture of async and sync Lookups. In MaybeReadBlockAndLoadToCache(), called by RetrieveBlock(), called by MultiGet() with wait=false, is_cache_hit for the block_cache_tracer entry would not be set to true if the handle was pending after Lookup and before Wait.

## Intended follow-up work
* Figure out if there are any missing stats or block_cache_tracer work in refactored BlockBasedTable::MultiGet
* Stacked secondary caches (see above discussion)
* See if we can make up for the small MultiGet performance regression.
* Study more performance with SecondaryCache
* Items evicted from over-full LRUCache in Release were not being demoted to SecondaryCache, and still aren't to minimize unit test churn. Ideally they would be demoted, but it's an exceptional case so not a big deal.
* Use CreateStandalone for cache reservations (save unnecessary hash table operations). Not a big deal, but worthy cleanup.
* Somehow I got the contract for SecondaryCache::Insert wrong in #10945. (Doesn't take ownership!) That API comment needs to be fixed, but didn't want to mingle that in here.

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/11301

Test Plan:
## Unit tests
Generally updated to include HCC in SecondaryCache tests, though HyperClockCache has some different, less strict behaviors that leads to some tests not really being set up to work with it. Some of the tests remain disabled with it, but I think we have good coverage without them.

## Crash/stress test
Updated to use the new combination.

## Performance
First, let's check for regression on caches without secondary cache configured. Adding support for the eviction callback is likely to have a tiny effect, but it shouldn't be worrisome. LRUCache could benefit slightly from less logic around SecondaryCache handling. We can test with cache_bench default settings, built with DEBUG_LEVEL=0 and PORTABLE=0.

```
(while :; do base/cache_bench --cache_type=hyper_clock_cache | grep Rough; done) | awk '{ sum += $9; count++; print $0; print "Average: " int(sum / count) }'
```

**Before** this and #11299 (which could also have a small effect), running for about an hour, before & after running concurrently for each cache type:
HyperClockCache: 3168662 (average parallel ops/sec)
LRUCache: 2940127

**After** this and #11299, running for about an hour:
HyperClockCache: 3164862 (average parallel ops/sec) (0.12% slower)
LRUCache: 2940928 (0.03% faster)

This is an acceptable difference IMHO.

Next, let's consider essentially the worst case of new CPU overhead affecting overall performance. MultiGet uses the async lookup interface regardless of whether SecondaryCache or folly are used. We can configure a benchmark where all block cache queries are for data blocks, and all are hits.

Create DB and test (before and after tests running simultaneously):
```
TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=fillrandom -num=30000000 -disable_wal=1 -bloom_bits=16
TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm base/db_bench -benchmarks=multireadrandom[-X30] -readonly -multiread_batched -batch_size=32 -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_size=6789000000 -duration 20 -threads=16
```

**Before**:
multireadrandom [AVG    30 runs] : 3444202 (± 57049) ops/sec;  240.9 (± 4.0) MB/sec
multireadrandom [MEDIAN 30 runs] : 3514443 ops/sec;  245.8 MB/sec
**After**:
multireadrandom [AVG    30 runs] : 3291022 (± 58851) ops/sec;  230.2 (± 4.1) MB/sec
multireadrandom [MEDIAN 30 runs] : 3366179 ops/sec;  235.4 MB/sec

So that's roughly a 3% regression, on kind of a *worst case* test of MultiGet CPU. Similar story with HyperClockCache:

**Before**:
multireadrandom [AVG    30 runs] : 3933777 (± 41840) ops/sec;  275.1 (± 2.9) MB/sec
multireadrandom [MEDIAN 30 runs] : 3970667 ops/sec;  277.7 MB/sec
**After**:
multireadrandom [AVG    30 runs] : 3755338 (± 30391) ops/sec;  262.6 (± 2.1) MB/sec
multireadrandom [MEDIAN 30 runs] : 3785696 ops/sec;  264.8 MB/sec

Roughly a 4-5% regression. Not ideal, but not the whole story, fortunately.

Let's also look at Get() in db_bench:

```
TEST_TMPDIR=/dev/shm ./db_bench -benchmarks=readrandom[-X30] -readonly -num=30000000 -bloom_bits=16 -cache_size=6789000000 -duration 20 -threads=16
```

**Before**:
readrandom [AVG    30 runs] : 2198685 (± 13412) ops/sec;  153.8 (± 0.9) MB/sec
readrandom [MEDIAN 30 runs] : 2209498 ops/sec;  154.5 MB/sec
**After**:
readrandom [AVG    30 runs] : 2292814 (± 43508) ops/sec;  160.3 (± 3.0) MB/sec
readrandom [MEDIAN 30 runs] : 2365181 ops/sec;  165.4 MB/sec

That's showing roughly a 4% improvement, perhaps because of the secondary cache code that is no longer part of LRUCache. But weirdly, HyperClockCache is also showing 2-3% improvement:

**Before**:
readrandom [AVG    30 runs] : 2272333 (± 9992) ops/sec;  158.9 (± 0.7) MB/sec
readrandom [MEDIAN 30 runs] : 2273239 ops/sec;  159.0 MB/sec
**After**:
readrandom [AVG    30 runs] : 2332407 (± 11252) ops/sec;  163.1 (± 0.8) MB/sec
readrandom [MEDIAN 30 runs] : 2335329 ops/sec;  163.3 MB/sec

Reviewed By: ltamasi

Differential Revision: D44177044

Pulled By: pdillinger

fbshipit-source-id: e808e48ff3fe2f792a79841ba617be98e48689f5

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -661,6 +661,7 @@ set(SOURCES
         cache/compressed_secondary_cache.cc
         cache/lru_cache.cc
         cache/secondary_cache.cc
+        cache/secondary_cache_adapter.cc
         cache/sharded_cache.cc
         db/arena_wrapped_db_iter.cc
         db/blob/blob_contents.cc

HISTORY.md

@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 * Add statistics rocksdb.secondary.cache.filter.hits, rocksdb.secondary.cache.index.hits, and rocksdb.secondary.cache.filter.hits
 * Added a new PerfContext counter `internal_merge_point_lookup_count` which tracks the number of Merge operands applied while serving point lookup queries.
 * Add new statistics rocksdb.table.open.prefetch.tail.read.bytes, rocksdb.table.open.prefetch.tail.{miss|hit}
+* Add support for SecondaryCache with HyperClockCache (`HyperClockCacheOptions` inherits `secondary_cache` option from `ShardedCacheOptions`)
+
+### Public API Changes
+* Changed various functions and features in `Cache` that are mostly relevant to custom implementations or wrappers. Especially, asychronous lookup functionality is moved from `Lookup()` to a new `StartAsyncLookup()` function.
 
 ## 8.0.0 (02/19/2023)
 ### Behavior changes

TARGETS

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_lib", srcs=[
         "cache/compressed_secondary_cache.cc",
         "cache/lru_cache.cc",
         "cache/secondary_cache.cc",
+        "cache/secondary_cache_adapter.cc",
         "cache/sharded_cache.cc",
         "db/arena_wrapped_db_iter.cc",
         "db/blob/blob_contents.cc",
@@ -363,6 +364,7 @@ cpp_library_wrapper(name="rocksdb_whole_archive_lib", srcs=[
         "cache/compressed_secondary_cache.cc",
         "cache/lru_cache.cc",
         "cache/secondary_cache.cc",
+        "cache/secondary_cache_adapter.cc",
         "cache/sharded_cache.cc",
         "db/arena_wrapped_db_iter.cc",
         "db/blob/blob_contents.cc",

cache/cache.cc

@@ -114,4 +114,45 @@ Status Cache::CreateFromString(const ConfigOptions& config_options,
   }
   return status;
 }
+
+bool Cache::AsyncLookupHandle::IsReady() {
+  return pending_handle == nullptr || pending_handle->IsReady();
+}
+
+bool Cache::AsyncLookupHandle::IsPending() { return pending_handle != nullptr; }
+
+Cache::Handle* Cache::AsyncLookupHandle::Result() {
+  assert(!IsPending());
+  return result_handle;
+}
+
+void Cache::StartAsyncLookup(AsyncLookupHandle& async_handle) {
+  async_handle.found_dummy_entry = false;  // in case re-used
+  assert(!async_handle.IsPending());
+  async_handle.result_handle =
+      Lookup(async_handle.key, async_handle.helper, async_handle.create_context,
+             async_handle.priority, async_handle.stats);
+}
+
+Cache::Handle* Cache::Wait(AsyncLookupHandle& async_handle) {
+  WaitAll(&async_handle, 1);
+  return async_handle.Result();
+}
+
+void Cache::WaitAll(AsyncLookupHandle* async_handles, size_t count) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    if (async_handles[i].IsPending()) {
+      // If a pending handle gets here, it should be marked at "to be handled
+      // by a caller" by that caller erasing the pending_cache on it.
+      assert(async_handles[i].pending_cache == nullptr);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Cache::SetEvictionCallback(EvictionCallback&& fn) {
+  // Overwriting non-empty with non-empty could indicate a bug
+  assert(!eviction_callback_ || !fn);
+  eviction_callback_ = std::move(fn);
+}
+
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

cache/cache_bench_tool.cc

@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ class CacheBench {
         }
         // do lookup
         handle = cache_->Lookup(key, &helper2, /*context*/ nullptr,
-                                Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
+                                Cache::Priority::LOW);
         if (handle) {
           if (!FLAGS_lean) {
             // do something with the data
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ class CacheBench {
         }
         // do lookup
         handle = cache_->Lookup(key, &helper2, /*context*/ nullptr,
-                                Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
+                                Cache::Priority::LOW);
         if (handle) {
           if (!FLAGS_lean) {
             // do something with the data

cache/cache_test.cc

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "cache/lru_cache.h"
 #include "cache/typed_cache.h"
 #include "port/stack_trace.h"
+#include "test_util/secondary_cache_test_util.h"
 #include "test_util/testharness.h"
 #include "util/coding.h"
 #include "util/string_util.h"
@@ -81,13 +82,10 @@ const Cache::CacheItemHelper kEraseOnDeleteHelper2{
       Cache* cache = static_cast<Cache*>(value);
       cache->Erase(EncodeKey16Bytes(1234));
     }};
-
-const std::string kLRU = "lru";
-const std::string kHyperClock = "hyper_clock";
-
 }  // anonymous namespace
 
-class CacheTest : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
+class CacheTest : public testing::Test,
+                  public secondary_cache_test_util::WithCacheTypeParam {
  public:
   static CacheTest* current_;
   static std::string type_;
@@ -107,8 +105,6 @@ class CacheTest : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache_;
   std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache2_;
 
-  size_t estimated_value_size_ = 1;
-
   CacheTest()
       : cache_(NewCache(kCacheSize, kNumShardBits, false)),
         cache2_(NewCache(kCacheSize2, kNumShardBits2, false)) {
@@ -118,41 +114,6 @@ class CacheTest : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
 
   ~CacheTest() override {}
 
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> NewCache(size_t capacity) {
-    auto type = GetParam();
-    if (type == kLRU) {
-      return NewLRUCache(capacity);
-    }
-    if (type == kHyperClock) {
-      return HyperClockCacheOptions(
-                 capacity, estimated_value_size_ /*estimated_value_size*/)
-          .MakeSharedCache();
-    }
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> NewCache(
-      size_t capacity, int num_shard_bits, bool strict_capacity_limit,
-      CacheMetadataChargePolicy charge_policy = kDontChargeCacheMetadata) {
-    auto type = GetParam();
-    if (type == kLRU) {
-      LRUCacheOptions co;
-      co.capacity = capacity;
-      co.num_shard_bits = num_shard_bits;
-      co.strict_capacity_limit = strict_capacity_limit;
-      co.high_pri_pool_ratio = 0;
-      co.metadata_charge_policy = charge_policy;
-      return NewLRUCache(co);
-    }
-    if (type == kHyperClock) {
-      return HyperClockCacheOptions(capacity, 1 /*estimated_value_size*/,
-                                    num_shard_bits, strict_capacity_limit,
-                                    nullptr /*allocator*/, charge_policy)
-          .MakeSharedCache();
-    }
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
   // These functions encode/decode keys in tests cases that use
   // int keys.
   // Currently, HyperClockCache requires keys to be 16B long, whereas
@@ -186,8 +147,8 @@ class CacheTest : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
 
   void Insert(std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache, int key, int value,
               int charge = 1) {
-    EXPECT_OK(
+    EXPECT_OK(cache->Insert(EncodeKey(key), EncodeValue(value), &kHelper,
-        cache->Insert(EncodeKey(key), EncodeValue(value), &kHelper, charge));
+                            charge, /*handle*/ nullptr, Cache::Priority::HIGH));
   }
 
   void Erase(std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache, int key) {
@@ -995,8 +956,9 @@ TEST_P(CacheTest, GetChargeAndDeleter) {
 }
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CacheTestInstance, CacheTest,
-                        testing::Values(kLRU, kHyperClock));
+                        secondary_cache_test_util::GetTestingCacheTypes());
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CacheTestInstance, LRUCacheTest, testing::Values(kLRU));
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CacheTestInstance, LRUCacheTest,
+                        testing::Values(secondary_cache_test_util::kLRU));
 
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
 

cache/charged_cache.cc

@@ -35,10 +35,8 @@ Status ChargedCache::Insert(const Slice& key, ObjectPtr obj,
 Cache::Handle* ChargedCache::Lookup(const Slice& key,
                                     const CacheItemHelper* helper,
                                     CreateContext* create_context,
-                                    Priority priority, bool wait,
+                                    Priority priority, Statistics* stats) {
-                                    Statistics* stats) {
+  auto handle = target_->Lookup(key, helper, create_context, priority, stats);
-  auto handle =
-      target_->Lookup(key, helper, create_context, priority, wait, stats);
   // Lookup may promote the KV pair from the secondary cache to the primary
   // cache. So we directly call the reservation manager to update the total
   // memory used in the cache.
@@ -50,6 +48,16 @@ Cache::Handle* ChargedCache::Lookup(const Slice& key,
   return handle;
 }
 
+void ChargedCache::WaitAll(AsyncLookupHandle* async_handles, size_t count) {
+  target_->WaitAll(async_handles, count);
+  // In case of any promotions. Although some could finish by return of
+  // StartAsyncLookup, Wait/WaitAll will generally be used, so simpler to
+  // update here.
+  assert(cache_res_mgr_);
+  cache_res_mgr_->UpdateCacheReservation(target_->GetUsage())
+      .PermitUncheckedError();
+}
+
 bool ChargedCache::Release(Cache::Handle* handle, bool useful,
                            bool erase_if_last_ref) {
   size_t memory_used_delta = target_->GetUsage(handle);

cache/charged_cache.h

@@ -28,9 +28,11 @@ class ChargedCache : public CacheWrapper {
 
   Cache::Handle* Lookup(const Slice& key, const CacheItemHelper* helper,
                         CreateContext* create_context,
-                        Priority priority = Priority::LOW, bool wait = true,
+                        Priority priority = Priority::LOW,
                         Statistics* stats = nullptr) override;
 
+  void WaitAll(AsyncLookupHandle* async_handles, size_t count) override;
+
   bool Release(Cache::Handle* handle, bool useful,
                bool erase_if_last_ref = false) override;
   bool Release(Cache::Handle* handle, bool erase_if_last_ref = false) override;

cache/clock_cache.cc

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <numeric>
 
 #include "cache/cache_key.h"
+#include "cache/secondary_cache_adapter.h"
 #include "logging/logging.h"
 #include "monitoring/perf_context_imp.h"
 #include "monitoring/statistics.h"
@@ -50,13 +51,7 @@ inline uint64_t GetInitialCountdown(Cache::Priority priority) {
   }
 }
 
-inline void FreeDataMarkEmpty(ClockHandle& h, MemoryAllocator* allocator) {
+inline void MarkEmpty(ClockHandle& h) {
-  // NOTE: in theory there's more room for parallelism if we copy the handle
-  // data and delay actions like this until after marking the entry as empty,
-  // but performance tests only show a regression by copying the few words
-  // of data.
-  h.FreeData(allocator);
-
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   // Mark slot as empty, with assertion
   uint64_t meta = h.meta.exchange(0, std::memory_order_release);
@@ -67,6 +62,16 @@ inline void FreeDataMarkEmpty(ClockHandle& h, MemoryAllocator* allocator) {
 #endif
 }
 
+inline void FreeDataMarkEmpty(ClockHandle& h, MemoryAllocator* allocator) {
+  // NOTE: in theory there's more room for parallelism if we copy the handle
+  // data and delay actions like this until after marking the entry as empty,
+  // but performance tests only show a regression by copying the few words
+  // of data.
+  h.FreeData(allocator);
+
+  MarkEmpty(h);
+}
+
 inline bool ClockUpdate(ClockHandle& h) {
   uint64_t meta = h.meta.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
 
@@ -124,14 +129,16 @@ void ClockHandleBasicData::FreeData(MemoryAllocator* allocator) const {
 HyperClockTable::HyperClockTable(
     size_t capacity, bool /*strict_capacity_limit*/,
     CacheMetadataChargePolicy metadata_charge_policy,
-    MemoryAllocator* allocator, const Opts& opts)
+    MemoryAllocator* allocator,
+    const Cache::EvictionCallback* eviction_callback, const Opts& opts)
     : length_bits_(CalcHashBits(capacity, opts.estimated_value_size,
                                 metadata_charge_policy)),
       length_bits_mask_((size_t{1} << length_bits_) - 1),
       occupancy_limit_(static_cast<size_t>((uint64_t{1} << length_bits_) *
                                            kStrictLoadFactor)),
       array_(new HandleImpl[size_t{1} << length_bits_]),
-      allocator_(allocator) {
+      allocator_(allocator),
+      eviction_callback_(*eviction_callback) {
   if (metadata_charge_policy ==
       CacheMetadataChargePolicy::kFullChargeCacheMetadata) {
     usage_ += size_t{GetTableSize()} * sizeof(HandleImpl);
@@ -574,6 +581,34 @@ Status HyperClockTable::Insert(const ClockHandleBasicData& proto,
   return Status::OkOverwritten();
 }
 
+HyperClockTable::HandleImpl* HyperClockTable::CreateStandalone(
+    ClockHandleBasicData& proto, size_t capacity, bool strict_capacity_limit,
+    bool allow_uncharged) {
+  const size_t total_charge = proto.GetTotalCharge();
+  if (strict_capacity_limit) {
+    Status s = ChargeUsageMaybeEvictStrict(total_charge, capacity,
+                                           /*need_evict_for_occupancy=*/false);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      if (allow_uncharged) {
+        proto.total_charge = 0;
+      } else {
+        return nullptr;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Case strict_capacity_limit == false
+    bool success =
+        ChargeUsageMaybeEvictNonStrict(total_charge, capacity,
+                                       /*need_evict_for_occupancy=*/false);
+    if (!success) {
+      // Force the issue
+      usage_.fetch_add(total_charge, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return StandaloneInsert(proto);
+}
+
 HyperClockTable::HandleImpl* HyperClockTable::Lookup(
     const UniqueId64x2& hashed_key) {
   size_t probe = 0;
@@ -960,6 +995,9 @@ inline void HyperClockTable::Evict(size_t requested_charge,
   uint64_t max_clock_pointer =
       old_clock_pointer + (ClockHandle::kMaxCountdown << length_bits_);
 
+  // For key reconstructed from hash
+  UniqueId64x2 unhashed;
+
   for (;;) {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < step_size; i++) {
       HandleImpl& h = array_[ModTableSize(Lower32of64(old_clock_pointer + i))];
@@ -968,7 +1006,17 @@ inline void HyperClockTable::Evict(size_t requested_charge,
         Rollback(h.hashed_key, &h);
         *freed_charge += h.GetTotalCharge();
         *freed_count += 1;
-        FreeDataMarkEmpty(h, allocator_);
+        bool took_ownership = false;
+        if (eviction_callback_) {
+          took_ownership =
+              eviction_callback_(ClockCacheShard<HyperClockTable>::ReverseHash(
+                                     h.GetHash(), &unhashed),
+                                 reinterpret_cast<Cache::Handle*>(&h));
+        }
+        if (!took_ownership) {
+          h.FreeData(allocator_);
+        }
+        MarkEmpty(h);
       }
     }
 
@@ -990,10 +1038,12 @@ template <class Table>
 ClockCacheShard<Table>::ClockCacheShard(
     size_t capacity, bool strict_capacity_limit,
     CacheMetadataChargePolicy metadata_charge_policy,
-    MemoryAllocator* allocator, const typename Table::Opts& opts)
+    MemoryAllocator* allocator,
+    const Cache::EvictionCallback* eviction_callback,
+    const typename Table::Opts& opts)
     : CacheShardBase(metadata_charge_policy),
       table_(capacity, strict_capacity_limit, metadata_charge_policy, allocator,
-             opts),
+             eviction_callback, opts),
       capacity_(capacity),
       strict_capacity_limit_(strict_capacity_limit) {
   // Initial charge metadata should not exceed capacity
@@ -1093,10 +1143,29 @@ Status ClockCacheShard<Table>::Insert(const Slice& key,
   proto.value = value;
   proto.helper = helper;
   proto.total_charge = charge;
-  Status s = table_.Insert(
+  return table_.Insert(proto, handle, priority,
-      proto, handle, priority, capacity_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed),
+                       capacity_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed),
-      strict_capacity_limit_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed));
+                       strict_capacity_limit_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed));
-  return s;
+}
+
+template <class Table>
+typename ClockCacheShard<Table>::HandleImpl*
+ClockCacheShard<Table>::CreateStandalone(const Slice& key,
+                                         const UniqueId64x2& hashed_key,
+                                         Cache::ObjectPtr obj,
+                                         const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper,
+                                         size_t charge, bool allow_uncharged) {
+  if (UNLIKELY(key.size() != kCacheKeySize)) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  ClockHandleBasicData proto;
+  proto.hashed_key = hashed_key;
+  proto.value = obj;
+  proto.helper = helper;
+  proto.total_charge = charge;
+  return table_.CreateStandalone(
+      proto, capacity_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed),
+      strict_capacity_limit_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed), allow_uncharged);
 }
 
 template <class Table>
@@ -1226,11 +1295,12 @@ HyperClockCache::HyperClockCache(
   // get to table entries
   size_t per_shard = GetPerShardCapacity();
   MemoryAllocator* alloc = this->memory_allocator();
+  const Cache::EvictionCallback* eviction_callback = &eviction_callback_;
   InitShards([=](Shard* cs) {
     HyperClockTable::Opts opts;
     opts.estimated_value_size = estimated_value_size;
     new (cs) Shard(per_shard, strict_capacity_limit, metadata_charge_policy,
-                   alloc, opts);
+                   alloc, eviction_callback, opts);
   });
 }
 
@@ -1400,9 +1470,13 @@ std::shared_ptr<Cache> HyperClockCacheOptions::MakeSharedCache() const {
     constexpr size_t min_shard_size = 32U * 1024U * 1024U;
     my_num_shard_bits = GetDefaultCacheShardBits(capacity, min_shard_size);
   }
-  return std::make_shared<clock_cache::HyperClockCache>(
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = std::make_shared<clock_cache::HyperClockCache>(
       capacity, estimated_entry_charge, my_num_shard_bits,
       strict_capacity_limit, metadata_charge_policy, memory_allocator);
+  if (secondary_cache) {
+    cache = std::make_shared<CacheWithSecondaryAdapter>(cache, secondary_cache);
+  }
+  return cache;
 }
 
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

cache/clock_cache.h

@@ -405,13 +405,19 @@ class HyperClockTable {
 
   HyperClockTable(size_t capacity, bool strict_capacity_limit,
                   CacheMetadataChargePolicy metadata_charge_policy,
-                  MemoryAllocator* allocator, const Opts& opts);
+                  MemoryAllocator* allocator,
+                  const Cache::EvictionCallback* eviction_callback,
+                  const Opts& opts);
   ~HyperClockTable();
 
   Status Insert(const ClockHandleBasicData& proto, HandleImpl** handle,
                 Cache::Priority priority, size_t capacity,
                 bool strict_capacity_limit);
 
+  HandleImpl* CreateStandalone(ClockHandleBasicData& proto, size_t capacity,
+                               bool strict_capacity_limit,
+                               bool allow_uncharged);
+
   HandleImpl* Lookup(const UniqueId64x2& hashed_key);
 
   bool Release(HandleImpl* handle, bool useful, bool erase_if_last_ref);
@@ -537,6 +543,9 @@ class HyperClockTable {
   // From Cache, for deleter
   MemoryAllocator* const allocator_;
 
+  // A reference to Cache::eviction_callback_
+  const Cache::EvictionCallback& eviction_callback_;
+
   // We partition the following members into different cache lines
   // to avoid false sharing among Lookup, Release, Erase and Insert
   // operations in ClockCacheShard.
@@ -562,7 +571,9 @@ class ALIGN_AS(CACHE_LINE_SIZE) ClockCacheShard final : public CacheShardBase {
  public:
   ClockCacheShard(size_t capacity, bool strict_capacity_limit,
                   CacheMetadataChargePolicy metadata_charge_policy,
-                  MemoryAllocator* allocator, const typename Table::Opts& opts);
+                  MemoryAllocator* allocator,
+                  const Cache::EvictionCallback* eviction_callback,
+                  const typename Table::Opts& opts);
 
   // For CacheShard concept
   using HandleImpl = typename Table::HandleImpl;
@@ -603,6 +614,11 @@ class ALIGN_AS(CACHE_LINE_SIZE) ClockCacheShard final : public CacheShardBase {
                 Cache::ObjectPtr value, const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper,
                 size_t charge, HandleImpl** handle, Cache::Priority priority);
 
+  HandleImpl* CreateStandalone(const Slice& key, const UniqueId64x2& hashed_key,
+                               Cache::ObjectPtr obj,
+                               const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper,
+                               size_t charge, bool allow_uncharged);
+
   HandleImpl* Lookup(const Slice& key, const UniqueId64x2& hashed_key);
 
   bool Release(HandleImpl* handle, bool useful, bool erase_if_last_ref);
@@ -640,15 +656,10 @@ class ALIGN_AS(CACHE_LINE_SIZE) ClockCacheShard final : public CacheShardBase {
   HandleImpl* Lookup(const Slice& key, const UniqueId64x2& hashed_key,
                      const Cache::CacheItemHelper* /*helper*/,
                      Cache::CreateContext* /*create_context*/,
-                     Cache::Priority /*priority*/, bool /*wait*/,
+                     Cache::Priority /*priority*/, Statistics* /*stats*/) {
-                     Statistics* /*stats*/) {
     return Lookup(key, hashed_key);
   }
 
-  bool IsReady(HandleImpl* /*handle*/) { return true; }
-
-  void Wait(HandleImpl* /*handle*/) {}
-
   // Acquire/release N references
   void TEST_RefN(HandleImpl* handle, size_t n);
   void TEST_ReleaseN(HandleImpl* handle, size_t n);

cache/compressed_secondary_cache.h

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCache : public SecondaryCache {
   std::string GetPrintableOptions() const override;
 
  private:
-  friend class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest;
+  friend class CompressedSecondaryCacheTestBase;
   static constexpr std::array<uint16_t, 8> malloc_bin_sizes_{
       128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16384};
 

cache/compressed_secondary_cache_test.cc

@@ -18,16 +18,20 @@
 
 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
 
-using secondary_cache_test_util::GetHelper;
+using secondary_cache_test_util::GetTestingCacheTypes;
-using secondary_cache_test_util::GetHelperFail;
+using secondary_cache_test_util::WithCacheType;
-using secondary_cache_test_util::TestCreateContext;
-using secondary_cache_test_util::TestItem;
 
-class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
+// 16 bytes for HCC compatibility
-                                     public TestCreateContext {
+const std::string key0 = "____    ____key0";
+const std::string key1 = "____    ____key1";
+const std::string key2 = "____    ____key2";
+const std::string key3 = "____    ____key3";
+
+class CompressedSecondaryCacheTestBase : public testing::Test,
+                                         public WithCacheType {
  public:
-  CompressedSecondaryCacheTest() {}
+  CompressedSecondaryCacheTestBase() {}
-  ~CompressedSecondaryCacheTest() override = default;
+  ~CompressedSecondaryCacheTestBase() override = default;
 
  protected:
   void BasicTestHelper(std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> sec_cache,
@@ -36,7 +40,7 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     bool kept_in_sec_cache{true};
     // Lookup an non-existent key.
     std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle> handle0 =
-        sec_cache->Lookup("k0", GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/true,
+        sec_cache->Lookup(key0, GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/true,
                           kept_in_sec_cache);
     ASSERT_EQ(handle0, nullptr);
 
@@ -45,22 +49,22 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     std::string str1(rnd.RandomString(1000));
     TestItem item1(str1.data(), str1.length());
     // A dummy handle is inserted if the item is inserted for the first time.
-    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert("k1", &item1, GetHelper()));
+    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert(key1, &item1, GetHelper()));
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_insert_dummy_count, 1);
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_uncompressed_bytes, 0);
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_compressed_bytes, 0);
 
     std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle> handle1_1 =
-        sec_cache->Lookup("k1", GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/false,
+        sec_cache->Lookup(key1, GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/false,
                           kept_in_sec_cache);
     ASSERT_EQ(handle1_1, nullptr);
 
     // Insert and Lookup the item k1 for the second time and advise erasing it.
-    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert("k1", &item1, GetHelper()));
+    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert(key1, &item1, GetHelper()));
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_insert_real_count, 1);
 
     std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle> handle1_2 =
-        sec_cache->Lookup("k1", GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/true,
+        sec_cache->Lookup(key1, GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/true,
                           kept_in_sec_cache);
     ASSERT_NE(handle1_2, nullptr);
     ASSERT_FALSE(kept_in_sec_cache);
@@ -81,21 +85,21 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
 
     // Lookup the item k1 again.
     std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle> handle1_3 =
-        sec_cache->Lookup("k1", GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/true,
+        sec_cache->Lookup(key1, GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/true,
                           kept_in_sec_cache);
     ASSERT_EQ(handle1_3, nullptr);
 
     // Insert and Lookup the item k2.
     std::string str2(rnd.RandomString(1000));
     TestItem item2(str2.data(), str2.length());
-    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert("k2", &item2, GetHelper()));
+    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert(key2, &item2, GetHelper()));
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_insert_dummy_count, 2);
     std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle> handle2_1 =
-        sec_cache->Lookup("k2", GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/false,
+        sec_cache->Lookup(key2, GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/false,
                           kept_in_sec_cache);
     ASSERT_EQ(handle2_1, nullptr);
 
-    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert("k2", &item2, GetHelper()));
+    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert(key2, &item2, GetHelper()));
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_insert_real_count, 2);
     if (sec_cache_is_compressed) {
       ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_uncompressed_bytes,
@@ -107,7 +111,7 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
       ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_compressed_bytes, 0);
     }
     std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle> handle2_2 =
-        sec_cache->Lookup("k2", GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/false,
+        sec_cache->Lookup(key2, GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/false,
                           kept_in_sec_cache);
     ASSERT_NE(handle2_2, nullptr);
     std::unique_ptr<TestItem> val2 =
@@ -177,25 +181,25 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     std::string str1(rnd.RandomString(1000));
     TestItem item1(str1.data(), str1.length());
     // Insert a dummy handle.
-    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert("k1", &item1, GetHelper()));
+    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert(key1, &item1, GetHelper()));
     // Insert k1.
-    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert("k1", &item1, GetHelper()));
+    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert(key1, &item1, GetHelper()));
 
     // Insert and Lookup the second item.
     std::string str2(rnd.RandomString(200));
     TestItem item2(str2.data(), str2.length());
     // Insert a dummy handle, k1 is not evicted.
-    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert("k2", &item2, GetHelper()));
+    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert(key2, &item2, GetHelper()));
     bool kept_in_sec_cache{false};
     std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle> handle1 =
-        sec_cache->Lookup("k1", GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/false,
+        sec_cache->Lookup(key1, GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/false,
                           kept_in_sec_cache);
     ASSERT_EQ(handle1, nullptr);
 
     // Insert k2 and k1 is evicted.
-    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert("k2", &item2, GetHelper()));
+    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert(key2, &item2, GetHelper()));
     std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle> handle2 =
-        sec_cache->Lookup("k2", GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/false,
+        sec_cache->Lookup(key2, GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/false,
                           kept_in_sec_cache);
     ASSERT_NE(handle2, nullptr);
     std::unique_ptr<TestItem> val2 =
@@ -204,17 +208,17 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     ASSERT_EQ(memcmp(val2->Buf(), item2.Buf(), item2.Size()), 0);
 
     // Insert k1 again and a dummy handle is inserted.
-    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert("k1", &item1, GetHelper()));
+    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert(key1, &item1, GetHelper()));
 
     std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle> handle1_1 =
-        sec_cache->Lookup("k1", GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/false,
+        sec_cache->Lookup(key1, GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/false,
                           kept_in_sec_cache);
     ASSERT_EQ(handle1_1, nullptr);
 
     // Create Fails.
     SetFailCreate(true);
     std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle> handle2_1 =
-        sec_cache->Lookup("k2", GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/true,
+        sec_cache->Lookup(key2, GetHelper(), this, true, /*advise_erase=*/true,
                           kept_in_sec_cache);
     ASSERT_EQ(handle2_1, nullptr);
 
@@ -222,8 +226,8 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     std::string str3 = rnd.RandomString(10);
     TestItem item3(str3.data(), str3.length());
     // The Status is OK because a dummy handle is inserted.
-    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert("k3", &item3, GetHelperFail()));
+    ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert(key3, &item3, GetHelperFail()));
-    ASSERT_NOK(sec_cache->Insert("k3", &item3, GetHelperFail()));
+    ASSERT_NOK(sec_cache->Insert(key3, &item3, GetHelperFail()));
 
     sec_cache.reset();
   }
@@ -247,26 +251,22 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     secondary_cache_opts.enable_custom_split_merge = enable_custom_split_merge;
     std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> secondary_cache =
         NewCompressedSecondaryCache(secondary_cache_opts);
-    LRUCacheOptions lru_cache_opts(
+    std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewCache(
         /*_capacity =*/1300, /*_num_shard_bits =*/0,
-        /*_strict_capacity_limit =*/false, /*_high_pri_pool_ratio =*/0.5,
+        /*_strict_capacity_limit =*/true, secondary_cache);
-        /*_memory_allocator =*/nullptr, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
-        kDefaultCacheMetadataChargePolicy, /*_low_pri_pool_ratio =*/0.0);
-    lru_cache_opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
-    std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(lru_cache_opts);
     std::shared_ptr<Statistics> stats = CreateDBStatistics();
 
     get_perf_context()->Reset();
     Random rnd(301);
     std::string str1 = rnd.RandomString(1001);
     auto item1_1 = new TestItem(str1.data(), str1.length());
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k1", item1_1, GetHelper(), str1.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key1, item1_1, GetHelper(), str1.length()));
 
     std::string str2 = rnd.RandomString(1012);
     auto item2_1 = new TestItem(str2.data(), str2.length());
     // After this Insert, primary cache contains k2 and secondary cache contains
     // k1's dummy item.
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k2", item2_1, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key2, item2_1, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_insert_dummy_count, 1);
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_uncompressed_bytes, 0);
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_compressed_bytes, 0);
@@ -275,19 +275,19 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     auto item3_1 = new TestItem(str3.data(), str3.length());
     // After this Insert, primary cache contains k3 and secondary cache contains
     // k1's dummy item and k2's dummy item.
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k3", item3_1, GetHelper(), str3.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key3, item3_1, GetHelper(), str3.length()));
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_insert_dummy_count, 2);
 
     // After this Insert, primary cache contains k1 and secondary cache contains
     // k1's dummy item, k2's dummy item, and k3's dummy item.
     auto item1_2 = new TestItem(str1.data(), str1.length());
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k1", item1_2, GetHelper(), str1.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key1, item1_2, GetHelper(), str1.length()));
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_insert_dummy_count, 3);
 
     // After this Insert, primary cache contains k2 and secondary cache contains
     // k1's item, k2's dummy item, and k3's dummy item.
     auto item2_2 = new TestItem(str2.data(), str2.length());
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k2", item2_2, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key2, item2_2, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_insert_real_count, 1);
     if (sec_cache_is_compressed) {
       ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_uncompressed_bytes,
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     // After this Insert, primary cache contains k3 and secondary cache contains
     // k1's item and k2's item.
     auto item3_2 = new TestItem(str3.data(), str3.length());
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k3", item3_2, GetHelper(), str3.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key3, item3_2, GetHelper(), str3.length()));
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_insert_real_count, 2);
     if (sec_cache_is_compressed) {
       ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_uncompressed_bytes,
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     }
 
     Cache::Handle* handle;
-    handle = cache->Lookup("k3", GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true,
+    handle = cache->Lookup(key3, GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW,
                            stats.get());
     ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
     auto val3 = static_cast<TestItem*>(cache->Value(handle));
@@ -324,13 +324,13 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     cache->Release(handle);
 
     // Lookup an non-existent key.
-    handle = cache->Lookup("k0", GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true,
+    handle = cache->Lookup(key0, GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW,
                            stats.get());
     ASSERT_EQ(handle, nullptr);
 
     // This Lookup should just insert a dummy handle in the primary cache
     // and the k1 is still in the secondary cache.
-    handle = cache->Lookup("k1", GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true,
+    handle = cache->Lookup(key1, GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW,
                            stats.get());
     ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->block_cache_standalone_handle_count, 1);
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     // This Lookup should erase k1 from the secondary cache and insert
     // it into primary cache; then k3 is demoted.
     // k2 and k3 are in secondary cache.
-    handle = cache->Lookup("k1", GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true,
+    handle = cache->Lookup(key1, GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW,
                            stats.get());
     ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->block_cache_standalone_handle_count, 1);
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     cache->Release(handle);
 
     // k2 is still in secondary cache.
-    handle = cache->Lookup("k2", GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true,
+    handle = cache->Lookup(key2, GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW,
                            stats.get());
     ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->block_cache_standalone_handle_count, 2);
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
 
     // Testing SetCapacity().
     ASSERT_OK(secondary_cache->SetCapacity(0));
-    handle = cache->Lookup("k3", GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true,
+    handle = cache->Lookup(key3, GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW,
                            stats.get());
     ASSERT_EQ(handle, nullptr);
 
@@ -368,30 +368,30 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     ASSERT_EQ(capacity, 7000);
     auto item1_3 = new TestItem(str1.data(), str1.length());
     // After this Insert, primary cache contains k1.
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k1", item1_3, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key1, item1_3, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_insert_dummy_count, 3);
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_insert_real_count, 4);
 
     auto item2_3 = new TestItem(str2.data(), str2.length());
     // After this Insert, primary cache contains k2 and secondary cache contains
     // k1's dummy item.
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k2", item2_3, GetHelper(), str1.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key2, item2_3, GetHelper(), str1.length()));
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_insert_dummy_count, 4);
 
     auto item1_4 = new TestItem(str1.data(), str1.length());
     // After this Insert, primary cache contains k1 and secondary cache contains
     // k1's dummy item and k2's dummy item.
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k1", item1_4, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key1, item1_4, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_insert_dummy_count, 5);
 
     auto item2_4 = new TestItem(str2.data(), str2.length());
     // After this Insert, primary cache contains k2 and secondary cache contains
     // k1's real item and k2's dummy item.
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k2", item2_4, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key2, item2_4, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
     ASSERT_EQ(get_perf_context()->compressed_sec_cache_insert_real_count, 5);
     // This Lookup should just insert a dummy handle in the primary cache
     // and the k1 is still in the secondary cache.
-    handle = cache->Lookup("k1", GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true,
+    handle = cache->Lookup(key1, GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW,
                            stats.get());
 
     ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
@@ -419,27 +419,31 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> secondary_cache =
         NewCompressedSecondaryCache(secondary_cache_opts);
 
-    LRUCacheOptions opts(
+    std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewCache(
         /*_capacity=*/1300, /*_num_shard_bits=*/0,
-        /*_strict_capacity_limit=*/false, /*_high_pri_pool_ratio=*/0.5,
+        /*_strict_capacity_limit=*/false, secondary_cache);
-        /*_memory_allocator=*/nullptr, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
-        kDefaultCacheMetadataChargePolicy, /*_low_pri_pool_ratio=*/0.0);
-    opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
-    std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
 
     Random rnd(301);
     std::string str1 = rnd.RandomString(1001);
     auto item1 = std::make_unique<TestItem>(str1.data(), str1.length());
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k1", item1.get(), GetHelper(), str1.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key1, item1.get(), GetHelper(), str1.length()));
     item1.release();  // Appease clang-analyze "potential memory leak"
 
     Cache::Handle* handle;
-    handle = cache->Lookup("k2", nullptr, this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
+    handle = cache->Lookup(key2, nullptr, this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
     ASSERT_EQ(handle, nullptr);
-    handle =
+    handle = cache->Lookup(key2, GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
-        cache->Lookup("k2", GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW, false);
     ASSERT_EQ(handle, nullptr);
 
+    Cache::AsyncLookupHandle ah;
+    ah.key = key2;
+    ah.helper = GetHelper();
+    ah.create_context = this;
+    ah.priority = Cache::Priority::LOW;
+    cache->StartAsyncLookup(ah);
+    cache->Wait(ah);
+    ASSERT_EQ(ah.Result(), nullptr);
+
     cache.reset();
     secondary_cache.reset();
   }
@@ -462,36 +466,29 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> secondary_cache =
         NewCompressedSecondaryCache(secondary_cache_opts);
 
-    LRUCacheOptions opts(
+    std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewCache(
         /*_capacity=*/1300, /*_num_shard_bits=*/0,
-        /*_strict_capacity_limit=*/false, /*_high_pri_pool_ratio=*/0.5,
+        /*_strict_capacity_limit=*/true, secondary_cache);
-        /*_memory_allocator=*/nullptr, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
-        kDefaultCacheMetadataChargePolicy, /*_low_pri_pool_ratio=*/0.0);
-    opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
-    std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
 
     Random rnd(301);
     std::string str1 = rnd.RandomString(1001);
     auto item1 = new TestItem(str1.data(), str1.length());
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k1", item1, GetHelperFail(), str1.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key1, item1, GetHelperFail(), str1.length()));
 
     std::string str2 = rnd.RandomString(1002);
     auto item2 = new TestItem(str2.data(), str2.length());
     // k1 should be demoted to the secondary cache.
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k2", item2, GetHelperFail(), str2.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key2, item2, GetHelperFail(), str2.length()));
 
     Cache::Handle* handle;
-    handle =
+    handle = cache->Lookup(key2, GetHelperFail(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
-        cache->Lookup("k2", GetHelperFail(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
     ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
     cache->Release(handle);
     // This lookup should fail, since k1 demotion would have failed.
-    handle =
+    handle = cache->Lookup(key1, GetHelperFail(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
-        cache->Lookup("k1", GetHelperFail(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
     ASSERT_EQ(handle, nullptr);
     // Since k1 was not promoted, k2 should still be in cache.
-    handle =
+    handle = cache->Lookup(key2, GetHelperFail(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
-        cache->Lookup("k2", GetHelperFail(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
     ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
     cache->Release(handle);
 
@@ -517,34 +514,30 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> secondary_cache =
         NewCompressedSecondaryCache(secondary_cache_opts);
 
-    LRUCacheOptions opts(
+    std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewCache(
         /*_capacity=*/1300, /*_num_shard_bits=*/0,
-        /*_strict_capacity_limit=*/false, /*_high_pri_pool_ratio=*/0.5,
+        /*_strict_capacity_limit=*/true, secondary_cache);
-        /*_memory_allocator=*/nullptr, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
-        kDefaultCacheMetadataChargePolicy, /*_low_pri_pool_ratio=*/0.0);
-    opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
-    std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
 
     Random rnd(301);
     std::string str1 = rnd.RandomString(1001);
     auto item1 = new TestItem(str1.data(), str1.length());
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k1", item1, GetHelper(), str1.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key1, item1, GetHelper(), str1.length()));
 
     std::string str2 = rnd.RandomString(1002);
     auto item2 = new TestItem(str2.data(), str2.length());
     // k1 should be demoted to the secondary cache.
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k2", item2, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key2, item2, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
 
     Cache::Handle* handle;
     SetFailCreate(true);
-    handle = cache->Lookup("k2", GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
+    handle = cache->Lookup(key2, GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
     ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
     cache->Release(handle);
     // This lookup should fail, since k1 creation would have failed
-    handle = cache->Lookup("k1", GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
+    handle = cache->Lookup(key1, GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
     ASSERT_EQ(handle, nullptr);
     // Since k1 didn't get promoted, k2 should still be in cache
-    handle = cache->Lookup("k2", GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
+    handle = cache->Lookup(key2, GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
     ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
     cache->Release(handle);
 
@@ -570,39 +563,34 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> secondary_cache =
         NewCompressedSecondaryCache(secondary_cache_opts);
 
-    LRUCacheOptions opts(
+    std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewCache(
         /*_capacity=*/1300, /*_num_shard_bits=*/0,
-        /*_strict_capacity_limit=*/false, /*_high_pri_pool_ratio=*/0.5,
+        /*_strict_capacity_limit=*/false, secondary_cache);
-        /*_memory_allocator=*/nullptr, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
-        kDefaultCacheMetadataChargePolicy, /*_low_pri_pool_ratio=*/0.0);
-    opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
-    std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
 
     Random rnd(301);
     std::string str1 = rnd.RandomString(1001);
     auto item1_1 = new TestItem(str1.data(), str1.length());
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k1", item1_1, GetHelper(), str1.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key1, item1_1, GetHelper(), str1.length()));
 
     std::string str2 = rnd.RandomString(1002);
     std::string str2_clone{str2};
     auto item2 = new TestItem(str2.data(), str2.length());
     // After this Insert, primary cache contains k2 and secondary cache contains
     // k1's dummy item.
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k2", item2, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key2, item2, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
 
     // After this Insert, primary cache contains k1 and secondary cache contains
     // k1's dummy item and k2's dummy item.
     auto item1_2 = new TestItem(str1.data(), str1.length());
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k1", item1_2, GetHelper(), str1.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key1, item1_2, GetHelper(), str1.length()));
 
     auto item2_2 = new TestItem(str2.data(), str2.length());
     // After this Insert, primary cache contains k2 and secondary cache contains
     // k1's item and k2's dummy item.
-    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert("k2", item2_2, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(key2, item2_2, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
 
     Cache::Handle* handle2;
-    handle2 =
+    handle2 = cache->Lookup(key2, GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
-        cache->Lookup("k2", GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
     ASSERT_NE(handle2, nullptr);
     cache->Release(handle2);
 
@@ -610,14 +598,12 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
     // strict_capacity_limit is true, but the lookup should still succeed.
     // A k1's dummy item is inserted into primary cache.
     Cache::Handle* handle1;
-    handle1 =
+    handle1 = cache->Lookup(key1, GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
-        cache->Lookup("k1", GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
     ASSERT_NE(handle1, nullptr);
     cache->Release(handle1);
 
     // Since k1 didn't get inserted, k2 should still be in cache
-    handle2 =
+    handle2 = cache->Lookup(key2, GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
-        cache->Lookup("k2", GetHelper(), this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
     ASSERT_NE(handle2, nullptr);
     cache->Release(handle2);
 
@@ -743,14 +729,25 @@ class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
   }
 };
 
+class CompressedSecondaryCacheTest
+    : public CompressedSecondaryCacheTestBase,
+      public testing::WithParamInterface<std::string> {
+  const std::string& Type() override { return GetParam(); }
+};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CompressedSecondaryCacheTest,
+                        CompressedSecondaryCacheTest, GetTestingCacheTypes());
+
 class CompressedSecCacheTestWithCompressAndAllocatorParam
-    : public CompressedSecondaryCacheTest,
+    : public CompressedSecondaryCacheTestBase,
-      public ::testing::WithParamInterface<std::tuple<bool, bool>> {
+      public ::testing::WithParamInterface<
+          std::tuple<bool, bool, std::string>> {
  public:
   CompressedSecCacheTestWithCompressAndAllocatorParam() {
     sec_cache_is_compressed_ = std::get<0>(GetParam());
     use_jemalloc_ = std::get<1>(GetParam());
   }
+  const std::string& Type() override { return std::get<2>(GetParam()); }
   bool sec_cache_is_compressed_;
   bool use_jemalloc_;
 };
@@ -761,19 +758,20 @@ TEST_P(CompressedSecCacheTestWithCompressAndAllocatorParam, BasicTes) {
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CompressedSecCacheTests,
                         CompressedSecCacheTestWithCompressAndAllocatorParam,
-                        ::testing::Combine(testing::Bool(), testing::Bool()));
+                        ::testing::Combine(testing::Bool(), testing::Bool(),
+                                           GetTestingCacheTypes()));
 
 class CompressedSecondaryCacheTestWithCompressionParam
-    : public CompressedSecondaryCacheTest,
+    : public CompressedSecondaryCacheTestBase,
-      public ::testing::WithParamInterface<bool> {
+      public ::testing::WithParamInterface<std::tuple<bool, std::string>> {
  public:
   CompressedSecondaryCacheTestWithCompressionParam() {
-    sec_cache_is_compressed_ = GetParam();
+    sec_cache_is_compressed_ = std::get<0>(GetParam());
   }
+  const std::string& Type() override { return std::get<1>(GetParam()); }
   bool sec_cache_is_compressed_;
 };
 
-
 TEST_P(CompressedSecondaryCacheTestWithCompressionParam, BasicTestFromString) {
   std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> sec_cache{nullptr};
   std::string sec_cache_uri;
@@ -898,7 +896,7 @@ TEST_P(CompressedSecondaryCacheTestWithCompressionParam, EntryRoles) {
     // Uniquify `junk`
     junk[0] = static_cast<char>(i);
     TestItem item{junk.data(), junk.length()};
-    Slice ith_key = Slice(junk.data(), 5);
+    Slice ith_key = Slice(junk.data(), 16);
 
     get_perf_context()->Reset();
     ASSERT_OK(sec_cache->Insert(ith_key, &item, GetHelper(role)));
@@ -935,16 +933,19 @@ TEST_P(CompressedSecondaryCacheTestWithCompressionParam, EntryRoles) {
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CompressedSecCacheTests,
                         CompressedSecondaryCacheTestWithCompressionParam,
-                        testing::Bool());
+                        testing::Combine(testing::Bool(),
+                                         GetTestingCacheTypes()));
 
 class CompressedSecCacheTestWithCompressAndSplitParam
-    : public CompressedSecondaryCacheTest,
+    : public CompressedSecondaryCacheTestBase,
-      public ::testing::WithParamInterface<std::tuple<bool, bool>> {
+      public ::testing::WithParamInterface<
+          std::tuple<bool, bool, std::string>> {
  public:
   CompressedSecCacheTestWithCompressAndSplitParam() {
     sec_cache_is_compressed_ = std::get<0>(GetParam());
     enable_custom_split_merge_ = std::get<1>(GetParam());
   }
+  const std::string& Type() override { return std::get<2>(GetParam()); }
   bool sec_cache_is_compressed_;
   bool enable_custom_split_merge_;
 };
@@ -955,17 +956,18 @@ TEST_P(CompressedSecCacheTestWithCompressAndSplitParam, BasicIntegrationTest) {
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(CompressedSecCacheTests,
                         CompressedSecCacheTestWithCompressAndSplitParam,
-                        ::testing::Combine(testing::Bool(), testing::Bool()));
+                        ::testing::Combine(testing::Bool(), testing::Bool(),
+                                           GetTestingCacheTypes()));
 
-TEST_F(CompressedSecondaryCacheTest, SplitValueIntoChunksTest) {
+TEST_P(CompressedSecondaryCacheTest, SplitValueIntoChunksTest) {
   SplitValueIntoChunksTest();
 }
 
-TEST_F(CompressedSecondaryCacheTest, MergeChunksIntoValueTest) {
+TEST_P(CompressedSecondaryCacheTest, MergeChunksIntoValueTest) {
   MergeChunksIntoValueTest();
 }
 
-TEST_F(CompressedSecondaryCacheTest, SplictValueAndMergeChunksTest) {
+TEST_P(CompressedSecondaryCacheTest, SplictValueAndMergeChunksTest) {
   SplictValueAndMergeChunksTest();
 }
 

cache/lru_cache.cc

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstdlib>
 
+#include "cache/secondary_cache_adapter.h"
 #include "monitoring/perf_context_imp.h"
 #include "monitoring/statistics.h"
 #include "port/lang.h"
@@ -22,14 +23,6 @@
 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
 namespace lru_cache {
 
-namespace {
-// A distinct pointer value for marking "dummy" cache entries
-struct DummyValue {
-  char val[12] = "kDummyValue";
-};
-DummyValue kDummyValue{};
-}  // namespace
-
 LRUHandleTable::LRUHandleTable(int max_upper_hash_bits,
                                MemoryAllocator* allocator)
     : length_bits_(/* historical starting size*/ 4),
@@ -127,7 +120,7 @@ LRUCacheShard::LRUCacheShard(size_t capacity, bool strict_capacity_limit,
                              CacheMetadataChargePolicy metadata_charge_policy,
                              int max_upper_hash_bits,
                              MemoryAllocator* allocator,
-                             SecondaryCache* secondary_cache)
+                             const Cache::EvictionCallback* eviction_callback)
     : CacheShardBase(metadata_charge_policy),
       capacity_(0),
       high_pri_pool_usage_(0),
@@ -141,7 +134,7 @@ LRUCacheShard::LRUCacheShard(size_t capacity, bool strict_capacity_limit,
       usage_(0),
       lru_usage_(0),
       mutex_(use_adaptive_mutex),
-      secondary_cache_(secondary_cache) {
+      eviction_callback_(*eviction_callback) {
   // Make empty circular linked list.
   lru_.next = &lru_;
   lru_.prev = &lru_;
@@ -341,15 +334,19 @@ void LRUCacheShard::EvictFromLRU(size_t charge,
   }
 }
 
-void LRUCacheShard::TryInsertIntoSecondaryCache(
+void LRUCacheShard::NotifyEvicted(
-    autovector<LRUHandle*> evicted_handles) {
+    const autovector<LRUHandle*>& evicted_handles) {
-  for (auto entry : evicted_handles) {
+  MemoryAllocator* alloc = table_.GetAllocator();
-    if (secondary_cache_ && entry->IsSecondaryCacheCompatible()) {
+  for (LRUHandle* entry : evicted_handles) {
-      secondary_cache_->Insert(entry->key(), entry->value, entry->helper)
+    if (eviction_callback_ &&
-          .PermitUncheckedError();
+        eviction_callback_(entry->key(),
+                           reinterpret_cast<Cache::Handle*>(entry))) {
+      // Callback took ownership of obj; just free handle
+      free(entry);
+    } else {
+      // Free the entries here outside of mutex for performance reasons.
+      entry->Free(alloc);
     }
-    // Free the entries here outside of mutex for performance reasons.
-    entry->Free(table_.GetAllocator());
   }
 }
 
@@ -363,7 +360,7 @@ void LRUCacheShard::SetCapacity(size_t capacity) {
     EvictFromLRU(0, &last_reference_list);
   }
 
-  TryInsertIntoSecondaryCache(last_reference_list);
+  NotifyEvicted(last_reference_list);
 }
 
 void LRUCacheShard::SetStrictCapacityLimit(bool strict_capacity_limit) {
@@ -371,8 +368,7 @@ void LRUCacheShard::SetStrictCapacityLimit(bool strict_capacity_limit) {
   strict_capacity_limit_ = strict_capacity_limit;
 }
 
-Status LRUCacheShard::InsertItem(LRUHandle* e, LRUHandle** handle,
+Status LRUCacheShard::InsertItem(LRUHandle* e, LRUHandle** handle) {
-                                 bool free_handle_on_fail) {
   Status s = Status::OK();
   autovector<LRUHandle*> last_reference_list;
 
@@ -391,10 +387,9 @@ Status LRUCacheShard::InsertItem(LRUHandle* e, LRUHandle** handle,
         // into cache and get evicted immediately.
         last_reference_list.push_back(e);
       } else {
-        if (free_handle_on_fail) {
+        free(e);
-          free(e);
+        e = nullptr;
-          *handle = nullptr;
+        *handle = nullptr;
-        }
         s = Status::MemoryLimit("Insert failed due to LRU cache being full.");
       }
     } else {
@@ -426,202 +421,27 @@ Status LRUCacheShard::InsertItem(LRUHandle* e, LRUHandle** handle,
     }
   }
 
-  TryInsertIntoSecondaryCache(last_reference_list);
+  NotifyEvicted(last_reference_list);
 
   return s;
 }
 
-void LRUCacheShard::Promote(LRUHandle* e) {
-  SecondaryCacheResultHandle* secondary_handle = e->sec_handle;
-
-  assert(secondary_handle->IsReady());
-  // e is not thread-shared here; OK to modify "immutable" fields as well as
-  // "mutable" (normally requiring mutex)
-  e->SetIsPending(false);
-  e->value = secondary_handle->Value();
-  assert(e->total_charge == 0);
-  size_t value_size = secondary_handle->Size();
-  delete secondary_handle;
-
-  if (e->value) {
-    e->CalcTotalCharge(value_size, metadata_charge_policy_);
-    Status s;
-    if (e->IsStandalone()) {
-      assert(secondary_cache_ && secondary_cache_->SupportForceErase());
-
-      // Insert a dummy handle and return a standalone handle to caller.
-      // Charge the standalone handle.
-      autovector<LRUHandle*> last_reference_list;
-      bool free_standalone_handle{false};
-      {
-        DMutexLock l(mutex_);
-
-        // Free the space following strict LRU policy until enough space
-        // is freed or the lru list is empty.
-        EvictFromLRU(e->total_charge, &last_reference_list);
-
-        if ((usage_ + e->total_charge) > capacity_ && strict_capacity_limit_) {
-          free_standalone_handle = true;
-        } else {
-          usage_ += e->total_charge;
-        }
-      }
-
-      TryInsertIntoSecondaryCache(last_reference_list);
-      if (free_standalone_handle) {
-        e->Unref();
-        e->Free(table_.GetAllocator());
-        e = nullptr;
-      } else {
-        PERF_COUNTER_ADD(block_cache_standalone_handle_count, 1);
-      }
-
-      // Insert a dummy handle into the primary cache. This dummy handle is
-      // not IsSecondaryCacheCompatible().
-      // FIXME? This should not overwrite an existing non-dummy entry in the
-      // rare case that one exists
-      Cache::Priority priority =
-          e->IsHighPri() ? Cache::Priority::HIGH : Cache::Priority::LOW;
-      s = Insert(e->key(), e->hash, &kDummyValue, &kNoopCacheItemHelper,
-                 /*charge=*/0,
-                 /*handle=*/nullptr, priority);
-    } else {
-      e->SetInCache(true);
-      LRUHandle* handle = e;
-      // This InsertItem() could fail if the cache is over capacity and
-      // strict_capacity_limit_ is true. In such a case, we don't want
-      // InsertItem() to free the handle, since the item is already in memory
-      // and the caller will most likely just read it from disk if we erase it
-      // here.
-      s = InsertItem(e, &handle, /*free_handle_on_fail=*/false);
-      if (s.ok()) {
-        PERF_COUNTER_ADD(block_cache_real_handle_count, 1);
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (!s.ok()) {
-      // Item is in memory, but not accounted against the cache capacity.
-      // When the handle is released, the item should get deleted.
-      assert(!e->InCache());
-    }
-  } else {
-    // Secondary cache lookup failed. The caller will take care of detecting
-    // this and eventually releasing e.
-    assert(!e->value);
-    assert(!e->InCache());
-  }
-}
-
 LRUHandle* LRUCacheShard::Lookup(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash,
-                                 const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper,
+                                 const Cache::CacheItemHelper* /*helper*/,
-                                 Cache::CreateContext* create_context,
+                                 Cache::CreateContext* /*create_context*/,
-                                 Cache::Priority priority, bool wait,
+                                 Cache::Priority /*priority*/,
-                                 Statistics* stats) {
+                                 Statistics* /*stats*/) {
-  LRUHandle* e = nullptr;
+  DMutexLock l(mutex_);
-  bool found_dummy_entry{false};
+  LRUHandle* e = table_.Lookup(key, hash);
-  {
+  if (e != nullptr) {
-    DMutexLock l(mutex_);
+    assert(e->InCache());
-    e = table_.Lookup(key, hash);
+    if (!e->HasRefs()) {
-    if (e != nullptr) {
+      // The entry is in LRU since it's in hash and has no external
-      assert(e->InCache());
+      // references.
-      if (e->value == &kDummyValue) {
+      LRU_Remove(e);
-        // For a dummy handle, if it was retrieved from secondary cache,
-        // it may still exist in secondary cache.
-        // If the handle exists in secondary cache, the value should be
-        // erased from sec cache and be inserted into primary cache.
-        found_dummy_entry = true;
-        // Let the dummy entry be overwritten
-        e = nullptr;
-      } else {
-        if (!e->HasRefs()) {
-          // The entry is in LRU since it's in hash and has no external
-          // references.
-          LRU_Remove(e);
-        }
-        e->Ref();
-        e->SetHit();
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // If handle table lookup failed or the handle is a dummy one, allocate
-  // a handle outside the mutex if we re going to lookup in the secondary cache.
-  //
-  // When a block is firstly Lookup from CompressedSecondaryCache, we just
-  // insert a dummy block into the primary cache (charging the actual size of
-  // the block) and don't erase the block from CompressedSecondaryCache. A
-  // standalone handle is returned to the caller. Only if the block is hit
-  // again, we erase it from CompressedSecondaryCache and add it into the
-  // primary cache.
-  if (!e && secondary_cache_ && helper && helper->create_cb) {
-    bool kept_in_sec_cache{false};
-    std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle> secondary_handle =
-        secondary_cache_->Lookup(key, helper, create_context, wait,
-                                 found_dummy_entry, kept_in_sec_cache);
-    if (secondary_handle != nullptr) {
-      e = static_cast<LRUHandle*>(malloc(sizeof(LRUHandle) - 1 + key.size()));
-
-      // For entries already in secondary cache, prevent re-insertion by
-      // using a helper that is not secondary cache compatible
-      if (kept_in_sec_cache) {
-        helper = helper->without_secondary_compat;
-      }
-
-      e->m_flags = 0;
-      e->im_flags = 0;
-      e->helper = helper;
-      e->key_length = key.size();
-      e->hash = hash;
-      e->refs = 0;
-      e->next = e->prev = nullptr;
-      e->SetPriority(priority);
-      memcpy(e->key_data, key.data(), key.size());
-      e->value = nullptr;
-      e->sec_handle = secondary_handle.release();
-      e->total_charge = 0;
-      e->Ref();
-      e->SetIsStandalone(secondary_cache_->SupportForceErase() &&
-                         !found_dummy_entry);
-
-      if (wait) {
-        Promote(e);
-        if (e) {
-          if (!e->value) {
-            // The secondary cache returned a handle, but the lookup failed.
-            e->Unref();
-            e->Free(table_.GetAllocator());
-            e = nullptr;
-          }
-        }
-      } else {
-        // If wait is false, we always return a handle and let the caller
-        // release the handle after checking for success or failure.
-        e->SetIsPending(true);
-      }
-      if (e) {
-        // This may be slightly inaccurate, if the lookup eventually fails.
-        // But the probability is very low.
-        switch (helper->role) {
-          case CacheEntryRole::kFilterBlock:
-            RecordTick(stats, SECONDARY_CACHE_FILTER_HITS);
-            break;
-          case CacheEntryRole::kIndexBlock:
-            RecordTick(stats, SECONDARY_CACHE_INDEX_HITS);
-            break;
-          case CacheEntryRole::kDataBlock:
-            RecordTick(stats, SECONDARY_CACHE_DATA_HITS);
-            break;
-          default:
-            break;
-        }
-        PERF_COUNTER_ADD(secondary_cache_hit_count, 1);
-        RecordTick(stats, SECONDARY_CACHE_HITS);
-      }
-    } else {
-      // Caller will most likely overwrite the dummy entry with an Insert
-      // after this Lookup fails
-      assert(e == nullptr);
     }
+    e->Ref();
+    e->SetHit();
   }
   return e;
 }
@@ -630,8 +450,6 @@ bool LRUCacheShard::Ref(LRUHandle* e) {
   DMutexLock l(mutex_);
   // To create another reference - entry must be already externally referenced.
   assert(e->HasRefs());
-  // Pending handles are not for sharing
-  assert(!e->IsPending());
   e->Ref();
   return true;
 }
@@ -655,14 +473,13 @@ bool LRUCacheShard::Release(LRUHandle* e, bool /*useful*/,
   if (e == nullptr) {
     return false;
   }
-  bool last_reference = false;
+  bool must_free;
-  // Must Wait or WaitAll first on pending handles. Otherwise, would leak
+  bool was_in_cache;
-  // a secondary cache handle.
-  assert(!e->IsPending());
   {
     DMutexLock l(mutex_);
-    last_reference = e->Unref();
+    must_free = e->Unref();
-    if (last_reference && e->InCache()) {
+    was_in_cache = e->InCache();
+    if (must_free && was_in_cache) {
       // The item is still in cache, and nobody else holds a reference to it.
       if (usage_ > capacity_ || erase_if_last_ref) {
         // The LRU list must be empty since the cache is full.
@@ -673,29 +490,38 @@ bool LRUCacheShard::Release(LRUHandle* e, bool /*useful*/,
       } else {
         // Put the item back on the LRU list, and don't free it.
         LRU_Insert(e);
-        last_reference = false;
+        must_free = false;
       }
     }
-    // If it was the last reference, then decrement the cache usage.
+    // If about to be freed, then decrement the cache usage.
-    if (last_reference) {
+    if (must_free) {
       assert(usage_ >= e->total_charge);
       usage_ -= e->total_charge;
     }
   }
 
   // Free the entry here outside of mutex for performance reasons.
-  if (last_reference) {
+  if (must_free) {
-    e->Free(table_.GetAllocator());
+    // Only call eviction callback if we're sure no one requested erasure
+    // FIXME: disabled because of test churn
+    if (false && was_in_cache && !erase_if_last_ref && eviction_callback_ &&
+        eviction_callback_(e->key(), reinterpret_cast<Cache::Handle*>(e))) {
+      // Callback took ownership of obj; just free handle
+      free(e);
+    } else {
+      e->Free(table_.GetAllocator());
+    }
   }
-  return last_reference;
+  return must_free;
 }
 
-Status LRUCacheShard::Insert(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash,
+LRUHandle* LRUCacheShard::CreateHandle(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash,
-                             Cache::ObjectPtr value,
+                                       Cache::ObjectPtr value,
-                             const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper,
+                                       const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper,
-                             size_t charge, LRUHandle** handle,
+                                       size_t charge) {
-                             Cache::Priority priority) {
   assert(helper);
+  // value == nullptr is reserved for indicating failure in SecondaryCache
+  assert(!(helper->IsSecondaryCacheCompatible() && value == nullptr));
 
   // Allocate the memory here outside of the mutex.
   // If the cache is full, we'll have to release it.
@@ -711,16 +537,53 @@ Status LRUCacheShard::Insert(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash,
   e->hash = hash;
   e->refs = 0;
   e->next = e->prev = nullptr;
-  e->SetInCache(true);
-  e->SetPriority(priority);
   memcpy(e->key_data, key.data(), key.size());
   e->CalcTotalCharge(charge, metadata_charge_policy_);
 
-  // value == nullptr is reserved for indicating failure for when secondary
+  return e;
-  // cache compatible
+}
-  assert(!(e->IsSecondaryCacheCompatible() && value == nullptr));
 
-  return InsertItem(e, handle, /* free_handle_on_fail */ true);
+Status LRUCacheShard::Insert(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash,
+                             Cache::ObjectPtr value,
+                             const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper,
+                             size_t charge, LRUHandle** handle,
+                             Cache::Priority priority) {
+  LRUHandle* e = CreateHandle(key, hash, value, helper, charge);
+  e->SetPriority(priority);
+  e->SetInCache(true);
+  return InsertItem(e, handle);
+}
+
+LRUHandle* LRUCacheShard::CreateStandalone(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash,
+                                           Cache::ObjectPtr value,
+                                           const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper,
+                                           size_t charge,
+                                           bool allow_uncharged) {
+  LRUHandle* e = CreateHandle(key, hash, value, helper, charge);
+  e->SetIsStandalone(true);
+  e->Ref();
+
+  autovector<LRUHandle*> last_reference_list;
+
+  {
+    DMutexLock l(mutex_);
+
+    EvictFromLRU(e->total_charge, &last_reference_list);
+
+    if (strict_capacity_limit_ && (usage_ + e->total_charge) > capacity_) {
+      if (allow_uncharged) {
+        e->total_charge = 0;
+      } else {
+        free(e);
+        e = nullptr;
+      }
+    } else {
+      usage_ += e->total_charge;
+    }
+  }
+
+  NotifyEvicted(last_reference_list);
+  return e;
 }
 
 void LRUCacheShard::Erase(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash) {
@@ -749,16 +612,6 @@ void LRUCacheShard::Erase(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash) {
   }
 }
 
-bool LRUCacheShard::IsReady(LRUHandle* e) {
-  bool ready = true;
-  if (e->IsPending()) {
-    assert(secondary_cache_);
-    assert(e->sec_handle);
-    ready = e->sec_handle->IsReady();
-  }
-  return ready;
-}
-
 size_t LRUCacheShard::GetUsage() const {
   DMutexLock l(mutex_);
   return usage_;
@@ -798,26 +651,23 @@ LRUCache::LRUCache(size_t capacity, int num_shard_bits,
                    double low_pri_pool_ratio,
                    std::shared_ptr<MemoryAllocator> allocator,
                    bool use_adaptive_mutex,
-                   CacheMetadataChargePolicy metadata_charge_policy,
+                   CacheMetadataChargePolicy metadata_charge_policy)
-                   std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> _secondary_cache)
     : ShardedCache(capacity, num_shard_bits, strict_capacity_limit,
-                   std::move(allocator)),
+                   std::move(allocator)) {
-      secondary_cache_(std::move(_secondary_cache)) {
   size_t per_shard = GetPerShardCapacity();
-  SecondaryCache* secondary_cache = secondary_cache_.get();
   MemoryAllocator* alloc = memory_allocator();
+  const EvictionCallback* eviction_callback = &eviction_callback_;
   InitShards([=](LRUCacheShard* cs) {
-    new (cs) LRUCacheShard(
+    new (cs) LRUCacheShard(per_shard, strict_capacity_limit,
-        per_shard, strict_capacity_limit, high_pri_pool_ratio,
+                           high_pri_pool_ratio, low_pri_pool_ratio,
-        low_pri_pool_ratio, use_adaptive_mutex, metadata_charge_policy,
+                           use_adaptive_mutex, metadata_charge_policy,
-        /* max_upper_hash_bits */ 32 - num_shard_bits, alloc, secondary_cache);
+                           /* max_upper_hash_bits */ 32 - num_shard_bits, alloc,
+                           eviction_callback);
   });
 }
 
 Cache::ObjectPtr LRUCache::Value(Handle* handle) {
   auto h = reinterpret_cast<const LRUHandle*>(handle);
-  assert(!h->IsPending() || h->value == nullptr);
-  assert(h->value != &kDummyValue);
   return h->value;
 }
 
@@ -840,42 +690,6 @@ double LRUCache::GetHighPriPoolRatio() {
   return GetShard(0).GetHighPriPoolRatio();
 }
 
-void LRUCache::WaitAll(std::vector<Handle*>& handles) {
-  if (secondary_cache_) {
-    std::vector<SecondaryCacheResultHandle*> sec_handles;
-    sec_handles.reserve(handles.size());
-    for (Handle* handle : handles) {
-      if (!handle) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      LRUHandle* lru_handle = reinterpret_cast<LRUHandle*>(handle);
-      if (!lru_handle->IsPending()) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      sec_handles.emplace_back(lru_handle->sec_handle);
-    }
-    secondary_cache_->WaitAll(sec_handles);
-    for (Handle* handle : handles) {
-      if (!handle) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      LRUHandle* lru_handle = reinterpret_cast<LRUHandle*>(handle);
-      if (!lru_handle->IsPending()) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      GetShard(lru_handle->hash).Promote(lru_handle);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void LRUCache::AppendPrintableOptions(std::string& str) const {
-  ShardedCache::AppendPrintableOptions(str);  // options from shard
-  if (secondary_cache_) {
-    str.append("  secondary_cache:\n");
-    str.append(secondary_cache_->GetPrintableOptions());
-  }
-}
-
 }  // namespace lru_cache
 
 std::shared_ptr<Cache> NewLRUCache(
@@ -903,10 +717,14 @@ std::shared_ptr<Cache> NewLRUCache(
   if (num_shard_bits < 0) {
     num_shard_bits = GetDefaultCacheShardBits(capacity);
   }
-  return std::make_shared<LRUCache>(
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = std::make_shared<LRUCache>(
       capacity, num_shard_bits, strict_capacity_limit, high_pri_pool_ratio,
       low_pri_pool_ratio, std::move(memory_allocator), use_adaptive_mutex,
-      metadata_charge_policy, secondary_cache);
+      metadata_charge_policy);
+  if (secondary_cache) {
+    cache = std::make_shared<CacheWithSecondaryAdapter>(cache, secondary_cache);
+  }
+  return cache;
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<Cache> NewLRUCache(const LRUCacheOptions& cache_opts) {

cache/lru_cache.h

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 #include "port/likely.h"
 #include "port/malloc.h"
 #include "port/port.h"
-#include "rocksdb/secondary_cache.h"
 #include "util/autovector.h"
 #include "util/distributed_mutex.h"
 
@@ -51,12 +50,7 @@ namespace lru_cache {
 struct LRUHandle {
   Cache::ObjectPtr value;
   const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper;
-  // An entry is not added to the LRUHandleTable until the secondary cache
+  LRUHandle* next_hash;
-  // lookup is complete, so its safe to have this union.
-  union {
-    LRUHandle* next_hash;
-    SecondaryCacheResultHandle* sec_handle;
-  };
   LRUHandle* next;
   LRUHandle* prev;
   size_t total_charge;  // TODO(opt): Only allow uint32_t?
@@ -89,10 +83,8 @@ struct LRUHandle {
     IM_IS_HIGH_PRI = (1 << 0),
     // Whether this entry is low priority entry.
     IM_IS_LOW_PRI = (1 << 1),
-    // Is the handle still being read from a lower tier.
-    IM_IS_PENDING = (1 << 2),
     // Marks result handles that should not be inserted into cache
-    IM_IS_STANDALONE = (1 << 3),
+    IM_IS_STANDALONE = (1 << 2),
   };
 
   // Beginning of the key (MUST BE THE LAST FIELD IN THIS STRUCT!)
@@ -122,8 +114,6 @@ struct LRUHandle {
   bool IsLowPri() const { return im_flags & IM_IS_LOW_PRI; }
   bool InLowPriPool() const { return m_flags & M_IN_LOW_PRI_POOL; }
   bool HasHit() const { return m_flags & M_HAS_HIT; }
-  bool IsSecondaryCacheCompatible() const { return helper->size_cb != nullptr; }
-  bool IsPending() const { return im_flags & IM_IS_PENDING; }
   bool IsStandalone() const { return im_flags & IM_IS_STANDALONE; }
 
   void SetInCache(bool in_cache) {
@@ -165,14 +155,6 @@ struct LRUHandle {
 
   void SetHit() { m_flags |= M_HAS_HIT; }
 
-  void SetIsPending(bool pending) {
-    if (pending) {
-      im_flags |= IM_IS_PENDING;
-    } else {
-      im_flags &= ~IM_IS_PENDING;
-    }
-  }
-
   void SetIsStandalone(bool is_standalone) {
     if (is_standalone) {
       im_flags |= IM_IS_STANDALONE;
@@ -183,14 +165,6 @@ struct LRUHandle {
 
   void Free(MemoryAllocator* allocator) {
     assert(refs == 0);
-
-    if (UNLIKELY(IsPending())) {
-      assert(sec_handle != nullptr);
-      SecondaryCacheResultHandle* tmp_sec_handle = sec_handle;
-      tmp_sec_handle->Wait();
-      value = tmp_sec_handle->Value();
-      delete tmp_sec_handle;
-    }
     assert(helper);
     if (helper->del_cb) {
       helper->del_cb(value, allocator);
@@ -290,12 +264,14 @@ class LRUHandleTable {
 // A single shard of sharded cache.
 class ALIGN_AS(CACHE_LINE_SIZE) LRUCacheShard final : public CacheShardBase {
  public:
+  // NOTE: the eviction_callback ptr is saved, as is it assumed to be kept
+  // alive in Cache.
   LRUCacheShard(size_t capacity, bool strict_capacity_limit,
                 double high_pri_pool_ratio, double low_pri_pool_ratio,
                 bool use_adaptive_mutex,
                 CacheMetadataChargePolicy metadata_charge_policy,
                 int max_upper_hash_bits, MemoryAllocator* allocator,
-                SecondaryCache* secondary_cache);
+                const Cache::EvictionCallback* eviction_callback);
 
  public:  // Type definitions expected as parameter to ShardedCache
   using HandleImpl = LRUHandle;
@@ -326,14 +302,17 @@ class ALIGN_AS(CACHE_LINE_SIZE) LRUCacheShard final : public CacheShardBase {
                 const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper, size_t charge,
                 LRUHandle** handle, Cache::Priority priority);
 
+  LRUHandle* CreateStandalone(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash,
+                              Cache::ObjectPtr obj,
+                              const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper,
+                              size_t charge, bool allow_uncharged);
+
   LRUHandle* Lookup(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash,
                     const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper,
                     Cache::CreateContext* create_context,
-                    Cache::Priority priority, bool wait, Statistics* stats);
+                    Cache::Priority priority, Statistics* stats);
 
   bool Release(LRUHandle* handle, bool useful, bool erase_if_last_ref);
-  bool IsReady(LRUHandle* /*handle*/);
-  void Wait(LRUHandle* /*handle*/) {}
   bool Ref(LRUHandle* handle);
   void Erase(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash);
 
@@ -373,20 +352,10 @@ class ALIGN_AS(CACHE_LINE_SIZE) LRUCacheShard final : public CacheShardBase {
  private:
   friend class LRUCache;
   // Insert an item into the hash table and, if handle is null, insert into
-  // the LRU list. Older items are evicted as necessary. If the cache is full
+  // the LRU list. Older items are evicted as necessary. Frees `item` on
-  // and free_handle_on_fail is true, the item is deleted and handle is set to
+  // non-OK status.
-  // nullptr.
+  Status InsertItem(LRUHandle* item, LRUHandle** handle);
-  Status InsertItem(LRUHandle* item, LRUHandle** handle,
+
-                    bool free_handle_on_fail);
-  // Promote an item looked up from the secondary cache to the LRU cache.
-  // The item may be still in the secondary cache.
-  // It is only inserted into the hash table and not the LRU list, and only
-  // if the cache is not at full capacity, as is the case during Insert.  The
-  // caller should hold a reference on the LRUHandle. When the caller releases
-  // the last reference, the item is added to the LRU list.
-  // The item is promoted to the high pri or low pri pool as specified by the
-  // caller in Lookup.
-  void Promote(LRUHandle* e);
   void LRU_Remove(LRUHandle* e);
   void LRU_Insert(LRUHandle* e);
 
@@ -400,8 +369,11 @@ class ALIGN_AS(CACHE_LINE_SIZE) LRUCacheShard final : public CacheShardBase {
   // holding the mutex_.
   void EvictFromLRU(size_t charge, autovector<LRUHandle*>* deleted);
 
-  // Try to insert the evicted handles into the secondary cache.
+  void NotifyEvicted(const autovector<LRUHandle*>& evicted_handles);
-  void TryInsertIntoSecondaryCache(autovector<LRUHandle*> evicted_handles);
+
+  LRUHandle* CreateHandle(const Slice& key, uint32_t hash,
+                          Cache::ObjectPtr value,
+                          const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper, size_t charge);
 
   // Initialized before use.
   size_t capacity_;
@@ -464,8 +436,8 @@ class ALIGN_AS(CACHE_LINE_SIZE) LRUCacheShard final : public CacheShardBase {
   // don't mind mutex_ invoking the non-const actions.
   mutable DMutex mutex_;
 
-  // Owned by LRUCache
+  // A reference to Cache::eviction_callback_
-  SecondaryCache* secondary_cache_;
+  const Cache::EvictionCallback& eviction_callback_;
 };
 
 class LRUCache
@@ -479,23 +451,16 @@ class LRUCache
            std::shared_ptr<MemoryAllocator> memory_allocator = nullptr,
            bool use_adaptive_mutex = kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
            CacheMetadataChargePolicy metadata_charge_policy =
-               kDontChargeCacheMetadata,
+               kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
-           std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> secondary_cache = nullptr);
   const char* Name() const override { return "LRUCache"; }
   ObjectPtr Value(Handle* handle) override;
   size_t GetCharge(Handle* handle) const override;
   const CacheItemHelper* GetCacheItemHelper(Handle* handle) const override;
-  void WaitAll(std::vector<Handle*>& handles) override;
 
   // Retrieves number of elements in LRU, for unit test purpose only.
   size_t TEST_GetLRUSize();
   // Retrieves high pri pool ratio.
   double GetHighPriPoolRatio();
-
-  void AppendPrintableOptions(std::string& str) const override;
-
- private:
-  std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> secondary_cache_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace lru_cache

cache/lru_cache_test.cc

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "cache/lru_cache.h"
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -52,8 +53,7 @@ class LRUCacheTest : public testing::Test {
                                high_pri_pool_ratio, low_pri_pool_ratio,
                                use_adaptive_mutex, kDontChargeCacheMetadata,
                                /*max_upper_hash_bits=*/24,
-                               /*allocator*/ nullptr,
+                               /*allocator*/ nullptr, &eviction_callback_);
-                               /*secondary_cache=*/nullptr);
   }
 
   void Insert(const std::string& key,
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class LRUCacheTest : public testing::Test {
 
   bool Lookup(const std::string& key) {
     auto handle = cache_->Lookup(key, 0 /*hash*/, nullptr, nullptr,
-                                 Cache::Priority::LOW, true, nullptr);
+                                 Cache::Priority::LOW, nullptr);
     if (handle) {
       cache_->Release(handle, true /*useful*/, false /*erase*/);
       return true;
@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ class LRUCacheTest : public testing::Test {
 
  private:
   LRUCacheShard* cache_ = nullptr;
+  Cache::EvictionCallback eviction_callback_;
 };
 
 TEST_F(LRUCacheTest, BasicLRU) {
@@ -394,8 +395,9 @@ class ClockCacheTest : public testing::Test {
 
     Table::Opts opts;
     opts.estimated_value_size = 1;
-    new (shard_) Shard(capacity, strict_capacity_limit,
+    new (shard_)
-                       kDontChargeCacheMetadata, /*allocator*/ nullptr, opts);
+        Shard(capacity, strict_capacity_limit, kDontChargeCacheMetadata,
+              /*allocator*/ nullptr, &eviction_callback_, opts);
   }
 
   Status Insert(const UniqueId64x2& hashed_key,
@@ -450,6 +452,9 @@ class ClockCacheTest : public testing::Test {
   }
 
   Shard* shard_ = nullptr;
+
+ private:
+  Cache::EvictionCallback eviction_callback_;
 };
 
 TEST_F(ClockCacheTest, Misc) {
@@ -1053,12 +1058,16 @@ class TestSecondaryCache : public SecondaryCache {
   ResultMap result_map_;
 };
 
-using secondary_cache_test_util::GetHelper;
+using secondary_cache_test_util::GetTestingCacheTypes;
-using secondary_cache_test_util::GetHelperFail;
+using secondary_cache_test_util::WithCacheTypeParam;
-using secondary_cache_test_util::TestCreateContext;
-using secondary_cache_test_util::TestItem;
 
-class DBSecondaryCacheTest : public DBTestBase {
+class BasicSecondaryCacheTest : public testing::Test,
+                                public WithCacheTypeParam {};
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(BasicSecondaryCacheTest, BasicSecondaryCacheTest,
+                        GetTestingCacheTypes());
+
+class DBSecondaryCacheTest : public DBTestBase, public WithCacheTypeParam {
  public:
   DBSecondaryCacheTest()
       : DBTestBase("db_secondary_cache_test", /*env_do_fsync=*/true) {
@@ -1070,19 +1079,15 @@ class DBSecondaryCacheTest : public DBTestBase {
   std::unique_ptr<Env> fault_env_;
 };
 
-class LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest : public LRUCacheTest,
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(DBSecondaryCacheTest, DBSecondaryCacheTest,
-                                   public TestCreateContext {};
+                        GetTestingCacheTypes());
 
-TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, BasicTest) {
+TEST_P(BasicSecondaryCacheTest, BasicTest) {
-  LRUCacheOptions opts(1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
-                       false /* strict_capacity_limit */,
-                       0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
-                       nullptr /* memory_allocator */, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
-                       kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
   std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache =
       std::make_shared<TestSecondaryCache>(4096);
-  opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
+      NewCache(1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+               false /* strict_capacity_limit */, secondary_cache);
   std::shared_ptr<Statistics> stats = CreateDBStatistics();
   CacheKey k1 = CacheKey::CreateUniqueForCacheLifetime(cache.get());
   CacheKey k2 = CacheKey::CreateUniqueForCacheLifetime(cache.get());
@@ -1093,7 +1098,7 @@ TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, BasicTest) {
   std::string str3 = rnd.RandomString(1021);
   ASSERT_OK(secondary_cache->InsertSaved(k3.AsSlice(), str3));
 
-  std::string str1 = rnd.RandomString(1020);
+  std::string str1 = rnd.RandomString(1021);
   TestItem* item1 = new TestItem(str1.data(), str1.length());
   ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(k1.AsSlice(), item1, GetHelper(), str1.length()));
   std::string str2 = rnd.RandomString(1021);
@@ -1103,25 +1108,22 @@ TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, BasicTest) {
 
   get_perf_context()->Reset();
   Cache::Handle* handle;
-  handle =
+  handle = cache->Lookup(k2.AsSlice(), GetHelper(),
-      cache->Lookup(k2.AsSlice(), GetHelper(),
+                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, stats.get());
-                    /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true, stats.get());
   ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TestItem*>(cache->Value(handle))->Size(), str2.size());
   cache->Release(handle);
 
   // This lookup should promote k1 and demote k2
-  handle =
+  handle = cache->Lookup(k1.AsSlice(), GetHelper(),
-      cache->Lookup(k1.AsSlice(), GetHelper(),
+                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, stats.get());
-                    /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true, stats.get());
   ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TestItem*>(cache->Value(handle))->Size(), str1.size());
   cache->Release(handle);
 
   // This lookup should promote k3 and demote k1
-  handle =
+  handle = cache->Lookup(k3.AsSlice(), GetHelper(),
-      cache->Lookup(k3.AsSlice(), GetHelper(),
+                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, stats.get());
-                    /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true, stats.get());
   ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TestItem*>(cache->Value(handle))->Size(), str3.size());
   cache->Release(handle);
@@ -1137,16 +1139,12 @@ TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, BasicTest) {
   secondary_cache.reset();
 }
 
-TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, StatsTest) {
+TEST_P(BasicSecondaryCacheTest, StatsTest) {
-  LRUCacheOptions opts(1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
-                       false /* strict_capacity_limit */,
-                       0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
-                       nullptr /* memory_allocator */, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
-                       kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
   std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache =
       std::make_shared<TestSecondaryCache>(4096);
-  opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
+      NewCache(1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+               false /* strict_capacity_limit */, secondary_cache);
   std::shared_ptr<Statistics> stats = CreateDBStatistics();
   CacheKey k1 = CacheKey::CreateUniqueForCacheLifetime(cache.get());
   CacheKey k2 = CacheKey::CreateUniqueForCacheLifetime(cache.get());
@@ -1163,23 +1161,20 @@ TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, StatsTest) {
 
   get_perf_context()->Reset();
   Cache::Handle* handle;
-  handle =
+  handle = cache->Lookup(k1.AsSlice(), GetHelper(CacheEntryRole::kFilterBlock),
-      cache->Lookup(k1.AsSlice(), GetHelper(CacheEntryRole::kFilterBlock),
+                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, stats.get());
-                    /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true, stats.get());
   ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TestItem*>(cache->Value(handle))->Size(), str1.size());
   cache->Release(handle);
 
-  handle =
+  handle = cache->Lookup(k2.AsSlice(), GetHelper(CacheEntryRole::kIndexBlock),
-      cache->Lookup(k2.AsSlice(), GetHelper(CacheEntryRole::kIndexBlock),
+                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, stats.get());
-                    /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true, stats.get());
   ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TestItem*>(cache->Value(handle))->Size(), str2.size());
   cache->Release(handle);
 
-  handle =
+  handle = cache->Lookup(k3.AsSlice(), GetHelper(CacheEntryRole::kDataBlock),
-      cache->Lookup(k3.AsSlice(), GetHelper(CacheEntryRole::kDataBlock),
+                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, stats.get());
-                    /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true, stats.get());
   ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TestItem*>(cache->Value(handle))->Size(), str3.size());
   cache->Release(handle);
@@ -1198,16 +1193,12 @@ TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, StatsTest) {
   secondary_cache.reset();
 }
 
-TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, BasicFailTest) {
+TEST_P(BasicSecondaryCacheTest, BasicFailTest) {
-  LRUCacheOptions opts(1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
-                       false /* strict_capacity_limit */,
-                       0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
-                       nullptr /* memory_allocator */, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
-                       kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
   std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache =
       std::make_shared<TestSecondaryCache>(2048);
-  opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
+      NewCache(1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+               false /* strict_capacity_limit */, secondary_cache);
   CacheKey k1 = CacheKey::CreateUniqueForCacheLifetime(cache.get());
   CacheKey k2 = CacheKey::CreateUniqueForCacheLifetime(cache.get());
 
@@ -1223,26 +1214,33 @@ TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, BasicFailTest) {
 
   Cache::Handle* handle;
   handle = cache->Lookup(k2.AsSlice(), nullptr, /*context*/ this,
-                         Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
+                         Cache::Priority::LOW);
   ASSERT_EQ(handle, nullptr);
+
   handle = cache->Lookup(k2.AsSlice(), GetHelper(),
-                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, false);
+                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
+  ASSERT_EQ(handle, nullptr);
+
+  Cache::AsyncLookupHandle async_handle;
+  async_handle.key = k2.AsSlice();
+  async_handle.helper = GetHelper();
+  async_handle.create_context = this;
+  async_handle.priority = Cache::Priority::LOW;
+  cache->StartAsyncLookup(async_handle);
+  cache->Wait(async_handle);
+  handle = async_handle.Result();
   ASSERT_EQ(handle, nullptr);
 
   cache.reset();
   secondary_cache.reset();
 }
 
-TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, SaveFailTest) {
+TEST_P(BasicSecondaryCacheTest, SaveFailTest) {
-  LRUCacheOptions opts(1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
-                       false /* strict_capacity_limit */,
-                       0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
-                       nullptr /* memory_allocator */, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
-                       kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
   std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache =
       std::make_shared<TestSecondaryCache>(2048);
-  opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
+      NewCache(1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+               false /* strict_capacity_limit */, secondary_cache);
   CacheKey k1 = CacheKey::CreateUniqueForCacheLifetime(cache.get());
   CacheKey k2 = CacheKey::CreateUniqueForCacheLifetime(cache.get());
 
@@ -1259,16 +1257,16 @@ TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, SaveFailTest) {
 
   Cache::Handle* handle;
   handle = cache->Lookup(k2.AsSlice(), GetHelperFail(),
-                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
+                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
   ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
   cache->Release(handle);
   // This lookup should fail, since k1 demotion would have failed
   handle = cache->Lookup(k1.AsSlice(), GetHelperFail(),
-                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
+                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
   ASSERT_EQ(handle, nullptr);
   // Since k1 didn't get promoted, k2 should still be in cache
   handle = cache->Lookup(k2.AsSlice(), GetHelperFail(),
-                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
+                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
   ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
   cache->Release(handle);
   ASSERT_EQ(secondary_cache->num_inserts(), 1u);
@@ -1278,16 +1276,12 @@ TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, SaveFailTest) {
   secondary_cache.reset();
 }
 
-TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, CreateFailTest) {
+TEST_P(BasicSecondaryCacheTest, CreateFailTest) {
-  LRUCacheOptions opts(1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
-                       false /* strict_capacity_limit */,
-                       0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
-                       nullptr /* memory_allocator */, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
-                       kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
   std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache =
       std::make_shared<TestSecondaryCache>(2048);
-  opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
+      NewCache(1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+               false /* strict_capacity_limit */, secondary_cache);
   CacheKey k1 = CacheKey::CreateUniqueForCacheLifetime(cache.get());
   CacheKey k2 = CacheKey::CreateUniqueForCacheLifetime(cache.get());
 
@@ -1303,16 +1297,16 @@ TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, CreateFailTest) {
   Cache::Handle* handle;
   SetFailCreate(true);
   handle = cache->Lookup(k2.AsSlice(), GetHelper(),
-                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
+                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
   ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
   cache->Release(handle);
   // This lookup should fail, since k1 creation would have failed
   handle = cache->Lookup(k1.AsSlice(), GetHelper(),
-                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
+                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
   ASSERT_EQ(handle, nullptr);
   // Since k1 didn't get promoted, k2 should still be in cache
   handle = cache->Lookup(k2.AsSlice(), GetHelper(),
-                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
+                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
   ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
   cache->Release(handle);
   ASSERT_EQ(secondary_cache->num_inserts(), 1u);
@@ -1322,50 +1316,70 @@ TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, CreateFailTest) {
   secondary_cache.reset();
 }
 
-TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, FullCapacityTest) {
+TEST_P(BasicSecondaryCacheTest, FullCapacityTest) {
-  LRUCacheOptions opts(1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+  for (bool strict_capacity_limit : {false, true}) {
-                       true /* strict_capacity_limit */,
+    std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache =
-                       0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
+        std::make_shared<TestSecondaryCache>(2048);
-                       nullptr /* memory_allocator */, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
+    std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-                       kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
+        NewCache(1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
-  std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache =
+                 strict_capacity_limit, secondary_cache);
-      std::make_shared<TestSecondaryCache>(2048);
+    CacheKey k1 = CacheKey::CreateUniqueForCacheLifetime(cache.get());
-  opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+    CacheKey k2 = CacheKey::CreateUniqueForCacheLifetime(cache.get());
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
-  CacheKey k1 = CacheKey::CreateUniqueForCacheLifetime(cache.get());
-  CacheKey k2 = CacheKey::CreateUniqueForCacheLifetime(cache.get());
 
-  Random rnd(301);
+    Random rnd(301);
-  std::string str1 = rnd.RandomString(1020);
+    std::string str1 = rnd.RandomString(1020);
-  TestItem* item1 = new TestItem(str1.data(), str1.length());
+    TestItem* item1 = new TestItem(str1.data(), str1.length());
-  ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(k1.AsSlice(), item1, GetHelper(), str1.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(k1.AsSlice(), item1, GetHelper(), str1.length()));
-  std::string str2 = rnd.RandomString(1020);
+    std::string str2 = rnd.RandomString(1020);
-  TestItem* item2 = new TestItem(str2.data(), str2.length());
+    TestItem* item2 = new TestItem(str2.data(), str2.length());
-  // k1 should be demoted to NVM
+    // k1 should be demoted to NVM
-  ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(k2.AsSlice(), item2, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
+    ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(k2.AsSlice(), item2, GetHelper(), str2.length()));
 
-  Cache::Handle* handle;
+    Cache::Handle* handle2;
-  handle = cache->Lookup(k2.AsSlice(), GetHelper(),
+    handle2 = cache->Lookup(k2.AsSlice(), GetHelper(),
-                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
+                            /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
-  ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(handle2, nullptr);
-  // k1 promotion should fail due to the block cache being at capacity,
+    // k1 lookup fails without secondary cache support
-  // but the lookup should still succeed
+    Cache::Handle* handle1;
-  Cache::Handle* handle2;
+    handle1 = cache->Lookup(
-  handle2 = cache->Lookup(k1.AsSlice(), GetHelper(),
+        k1.AsSlice(),
-                          /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
+        GetHelper(CacheEntryRole::kDataBlock, /*secondary_compatible=*/false),
-  ASSERT_NE(handle2, nullptr);
+        /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
-  // Since k1 didn't get inserted, k2 should still be in cache
+    ASSERT_EQ(handle1, nullptr);
-  cache->Release(handle);
-  cache->Release(handle2);
-  handle = cache->Lookup(k2.AsSlice(), GetHelper(),
-                         /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW, true);
-  ASSERT_NE(handle, nullptr);
-  cache->Release(handle);
-  ASSERT_EQ(secondary_cache->num_inserts(), 1u);
-  ASSERT_EQ(secondary_cache->num_lookups(), 1u);
 
-  cache.reset();
+    // k1 promotion can fail with strict_capacit_limit=true, but Lookup still
-  secondary_cache.reset();
+    // succeeds using a standalone handle
+    handle1 = cache->Lookup(k1.AsSlice(), GetHelper(),
+                            /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
+    ASSERT_NE(handle1, nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(secondary_cache->num_inserts(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(secondary_cache->num_lookups(), 1u);
+
+    // Releasing k2's handle first, k2 is evicted from primary iff k1 promotion
+    // was charged to the cache (except HCC doesn't erase in Release() over
+    // capacity)
+    // FIXME: Insert to secondary from Release disabled
+    cache->Release(handle2);
+    cache->Release(handle1);
+    handle2 = cache->Lookup(
+        k2.AsSlice(),
+        GetHelper(CacheEntryRole::kDataBlock, /*secondary_compatible=*/false),
+        /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW);
+    if (strict_capacity_limit || GetParam() == kHyperClock) {
+      ASSERT_NE(handle2, nullptr);
+      cache->Release(handle2);
+      ASSERT_EQ(secondary_cache->num_inserts(), 1u);
+    } else {
+      ASSERT_EQ(handle2, nullptr);
+      // FIXME: Insert to secondary from Release disabled
+      // ASSERT_EQ(secondary_cache->num_inserts(), 2u);
+      ASSERT_EQ(secondary_cache->num_inserts(), 1u);
+    }
+
+    cache.reset();
+    secondary_cache.reset();
+  }
 }
 
 // In this test, the block cache size is set to 4096, after insert 6 KV-pairs
@@ -1374,16 +1388,24 @@ TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, FullCapacityTest) {
 // of the meta blocks are about 900 to 1000. Therefore, in any situation,
 // if we try to insert block_1 to the block cache, it will always fails. Only
 // block_2 will be successfully inserted into the block cache.
-TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, TestSecondaryCacheCorrectness1) {
+// CORRECTION: this is not quite right. block_1 can be inserted into the block
-  LRUCacheOptions opts(4 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+// cache because strict_capacity_limit=false, but it is removed from the cache
-                       false /* strict_capacity_limit */,
+// in Release() because of being over-capacity, without demoting to secondary
-                       0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
+// cache. HyperClockCache doesn't check capacity on release (for efficiency)
-                       nullptr /* memory_allocator */, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
+// so can demote the over-capacity item to secondary cache. Also, we intend to
-                       kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
+// add support for demotion in Release, but that currently causes too much
+// unit test churn.
+TEST_P(DBSecondaryCacheTest, TestSecondaryCacheCorrectness1) {
+  if (GetParam() == kHyperClock) {
+    // See CORRECTION above
+    ROCKSDB_GTEST_BYPASS("Test depends on LRUCache-specific behaviors");
+    return;
+  }
   std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache(
       new TestSecondaryCache(2048 * 1024));
-  opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
+      NewCache(4 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+               false /* strict_capacity_limit */, secondary_cache);
   BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
   table_options.block_cache = cache;
   table_options.block_size = 4 * 1024;
@@ -1471,16 +1493,16 @@ TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, TestSecondaryCacheCorrectness1) {
 // of the meta blocks are about 900 to 1000. Therefore, we can successfully
 // insert and cache block_1 in the block cache (this is the different place
 // from TestSecondaryCacheCorrectness1)
-TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, TestSecondaryCacheCorrectness2) {
+TEST_P(DBSecondaryCacheTest, TestSecondaryCacheCorrectness2) {
-  LRUCacheOptions opts(6100 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+  if (GetParam() == kHyperClock) {
-                       false /* strict_capacity_limit */,
+    ROCKSDB_GTEST_BYPASS("Test depends on LRUCache-specific behaviors");
-                       0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
+    return;
-                       nullptr /* memory_allocator */, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
+  }
-                       kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
   std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache(
       new TestSecondaryCache(2048 * 1024));
-  opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
+      NewCache(6100 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+               false /* strict_capacity_limit */, secondary_cache);
   BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
   table_options.block_cache = cache;
   table_options.block_size = 4 * 1024;
@@ -1564,16 +1586,12 @@ TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, TestSecondaryCacheCorrectness2) {
 // of the meta blocks are about 900 to 1000. Therefore, we can successfully
 // cache all the blocks in the block cache and there is not secondary cache
 // insertion. 2 lookup is needed for the blocks.
-TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, NoSecondaryCacheInsertion) {
+TEST_P(DBSecondaryCacheTest, NoSecondaryCacheInsertion) {
-  LRUCacheOptions opts(1024 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
-                       false /* strict_capacity_limit */,
-                       0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
-                       nullptr /* memory_allocator */, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
-                       kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
   std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache(
       new TestSecondaryCache(2048 * 1024));
-  opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
+      NewCache(1024 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+               false /* strict_capacity_limit */, secondary_cache);
   BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
   table_options.block_cache = cache;
   table_options.block_size = 4 * 1024;
@@ -1618,16 +1636,12 @@ TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, NoSecondaryCacheInsertion) {
   Destroy(options);
 }
 
-TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, SecondaryCacheIntensiveTesting) {
+TEST_P(DBSecondaryCacheTest, SecondaryCacheIntensiveTesting) {
-  LRUCacheOptions opts(8 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
-                       false /* strict_capacity_limit */,
-                       0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
-                       nullptr /* memory_allocator */, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
-                       kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
   std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache(
       new TestSecondaryCache(2048 * 1024));
-  opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
+      NewCache(8 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+               false /* strict_capacity_limit */, secondary_cache);
   BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
   table_options.block_cache = cache;
   table_options.block_size = 4 * 1024;
@@ -1667,16 +1681,16 @@ TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, SecondaryCacheIntensiveTesting) {
 // of the meta blocks are about 900 to 1000. Therefore, in any situation,
 // if we try to insert block_1 to the block cache, it will always fails. Only
 // block_2 will be successfully inserted into the block cache.
-TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, SecondaryCacheFailureTest) {
+TEST_P(DBSecondaryCacheTest, SecondaryCacheFailureTest) {
-  LRUCacheOptions opts(4 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+  if (GetParam() == kHyperClock) {
-                       false /* strict_capacity_limit */,
+    ROCKSDB_GTEST_BYPASS("Test depends on LRUCache-specific behaviors");
-                       0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
+    return;
-                       nullptr /* memory_allocator */, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
+  }
-                       kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
   std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache(
       new TestSecondaryCache(2048 * 1024));
-  opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
+      NewCache(4 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+               false /* strict_capacity_limit */, secondary_cache);
   BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
   table_options.block_cache = cache;
   table_options.block_size = 4 * 1024;
@@ -1759,16 +1773,12 @@ TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, SecondaryCacheFailureTest) {
   Destroy(options);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, BasicWaitAllTest) {
+TEST_P(BasicSecondaryCacheTest, BasicWaitAllTest) {
-  LRUCacheOptions opts(1024 /* capacity */, 2 /* num_shard_bits */,
-                       false /* strict_capacity_limit */,
-                       0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
-                       nullptr /* memory_allocator */, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
-                       kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
   std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache =
       std::make_shared<TestSecondaryCache>(32 * 1024);
-  opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
+      NewCache(1024 /* capacity */, 2 /* num_shard_bits */,
+               false /* strict_capacity_limit */, secondary_cache);
   const int num_keys = 32;
   OffsetableCacheKey ock{"foo", "bar", 1};
 
@@ -1782,7 +1792,15 @@ TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, BasicWaitAllTest) {
                             str.length()));
   }
   // Force all entries to be evicted to the secondary cache
-  cache->SetCapacity(0);
+  if (GetParam() == kHyperClock) {
+    // HCC doesn't respond immediately to SetCapacity
+    for (int i = 9000; i < 9030; ++i) {
+      ASSERT_OK(cache->Insert(ock.WithOffset(i).AsSlice(), nullptr,
+                              &kNoopCacheItemHelper, 256));
+    }
+  } else {
+    cache->SetCapacity(0);
+  }
   ASSERT_EQ(secondary_cache->num_inserts(), 32u);
   cache->SetCapacity(32 * 1024);
 
@@ -1793,24 +1811,31 @@ TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, BasicWaitAllTest) {
         TestSecondaryCache::ResultType::DEFER_AND_FAIL},
        {ock.WithOffset(5).AsSlice().ToString(),
         TestSecondaryCache::ResultType::FAIL}});
-  std::vector<Cache::Handle*> results;
+
-  for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
+  std::array<Cache::AsyncLookupHandle, 6> async_handles;
-    results.emplace_back(cache->Lookup(ock.WithOffset(i).AsSlice(), GetHelper(),
+  std::array<CacheKey, 6> cache_keys;
-                                       /*context*/ this, Cache::Priority::LOW,
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < async_handles.size(); ++i) {
-                                       false));
+    auto& ah = async_handles[i];
+    cache_keys[i] = ock.WithOffset(i);
+    ah.key = cache_keys[i].AsSlice();
+    ah.helper = GetHelper();
+    ah.create_context = this;
+    ah.priority = Cache::Priority::LOW;
+    cache->StartAsyncLookup(ah);
   }
-  cache->WaitAll(results);
+  cache->WaitAll(&async_handles[0], async_handles.size());
-  for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < async_handles.size(); ++i) {
-    if (i == 4) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE("i = " + std::to_string(i));
-      ASSERT_EQ(cache->Value(results[i]), nullptr);
+    Cache::Handle* result = async_handles[i].Result();
-    } else if (i == 5) {
+    if (i == 4 || i == 5) {
-      ASSERT_EQ(results[i], nullptr);
+      ASSERT_EQ(result, nullptr);
       continue;
     } else {
-      TestItem* item = static_cast<TestItem*>(cache->Value(results[i]));
+      ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
+      TestItem* item = static_cast<TestItem*>(cache->Value(result));
       ASSERT_EQ(item->ToString(), values[i]);
     }
-    cache->Release(results[i]);
+    cache->Release(result);
   }
 
   cache.reset();
@@ -1821,16 +1846,16 @@ TEST_F(LRUCacheSecondaryCacheTest, BasicWaitAllTest) {
 // the cache key associated with each data block (and thus each KV) by using
 // a sync point callback in TestSecondaryCache::Lookup. We then control the
 // lookup result by setting the ResultMap.
-TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, TestSecondaryCacheMultiGet) {
+TEST_P(DBSecondaryCacheTest, TestSecondaryCacheMultiGet) {
-  LRUCacheOptions opts(1 << 20 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+  if (GetParam() == kHyperClock) {
-                       false /* strict_capacity_limit */,
+    ROCKSDB_GTEST_BYPASS("Test depends on LRUCache-specific behaviors");
-                       0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
+    return;
-                       nullptr /* memory_allocator */, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
+  }
-                       kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
   std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache(
       new TestSecondaryCache(2048 * 1024));
-  opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
+      NewCache(1 << 20 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+               false /* strict_capacity_limit */, secondary_cache);
   BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
   table_options.block_cache = cache;
   table_options.block_size = 4 * 1024;
@@ -1919,10 +1944,10 @@ class CacheWithStats : public CacheWrapper {
     return target_->Insert(key, value, helper, charge, handle, priority);
   }
   Handle* Lookup(const Slice& key, const CacheItemHelper* helper,
-                 CreateContext* create_context, Priority priority, bool wait,
+                 CreateContext* create_context, Priority priority,
                  Statistics* stats = nullptr) override {
     lookup_count_++;
-    return target_->Lookup(key, helper, create_context, priority, wait, stats);
+    return target_->Lookup(key, helper, create_context, priority, stats);
   }
 
   uint32_t GetInsertCount() { return insert_count_; }
@@ -1937,14 +1962,12 @@ class CacheWithStats : public CacheWrapper {
   uint32_t lookup_count_ = 0;
 };
 
-TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, LRUCacheDumpLoadBasic) {
+TEST_P(DBSecondaryCacheTest, LRUCacheDumpLoadBasic) {
-  LRUCacheOptions cache_opts(1024 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> base_cache =
-                             false /* strict_capacity_limit */,
+      NewCache(1024 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
-                             0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
+               false /* strict_capacity_limit */);
-                             nullptr /* memory_allocator */,
-                             kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex, kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
   std::shared_ptr<CacheWithStats> cache =
-      std::make_shared<CacheWithStats>(NewLRUCache(cache_opts));
+      std::make_shared<CacheWithStats>(base_cache);
   BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
   table_options.block_cache = cache;
   table_options.block_size = 4 * 1024;
@@ -2010,8 +2033,10 @@ TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, LRUCacheDumpLoadBasic) {
   // dumpload
   std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache =
       std::make_shared<TestSecondaryCache>(2048 * 1024);
-  cache_opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+  // This time with secondary cache
-  cache = std::make_shared<CacheWithStats>(NewLRUCache(cache_opts));
+  base_cache = NewCache(1024 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+                        false /* strict_capacity_limit */, secondary_cache);
+  cache = std::make_shared<CacheWithStats>(base_cache);
   table_options.block_cache = cache;
   table_options.block_size = 4 * 1024;
   options.create_if_missing = true;
@@ -2066,14 +2091,12 @@ TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, LRUCacheDumpLoadBasic) {
   Destroy(options);
 }
 
-TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, LRUCacheDumpLoadWithFilter) {
+TEST_P(DBSecondaryCacheTest, LRUCacheDumpLoadWithFilter) {
-  LRUCacheOptions cache_opts(1024 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> base_cache =
-                             false /* strict_capacity_limit */,
+      NewCache(1024 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
-                             0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
+               false /* strict_capacity_limit */);
-                             nullptr /* memory_allocator */,
-                             kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex, kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
   std::shared_ptr<CacheWithStats> cache =
-      std::make_shared<CacheWithStats>(NewLRUCache(cache_opts));
+      std::make_shared<CacheWithStats>(base_cache);
   BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
   table_options.block_cache = cache;
   table_options.block_size = 4 * 1024;
@@ -2166,8 +2189,10 @@ TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, LRUCacheDumpLoadWithFilter) {
   // dumpload
   std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache =
       std::make_shared<TestSecondaryCache>(2048 * 1024);
-  cache_opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+  // This time with secondary_cache
-  cache = std::make_shared<CacheWithStats>(NewLRUCache(cache_opts));
+  base_cache = NewCache(1024 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+                        false /* strict_capacity_limit */, secondary_cache);
+  cache = std::make_shared<CacheWithStats>(base_cache);
   table_options.block_cache = cache;
   table_options.block_size = 4 * 1024;
   options.create_if_missing = true;
@@ -2231,16 +2256,12 @@ TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, LRUCacheDumpLoadWithFilter) {
 }
 
 // Test the option not to use the secondary cache in a certain DB.
-TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, TestSecondaryCacheOptionBasic) {
+TEST_P(DBSecondaryCacheTest, TestSecondaryCacheOptionBasic) {
-  LRUCacheOptions opts(4 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
-                       false /* strict_capacity_limit */,
-                       0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
-                       nullptr /* memory_allocator */, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
-                       kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
   std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache(
       new TestSecondaryCache(2048 * 1024));
-  opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
+      NewCache(4 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+               false /* strict_capacity_limit */, secondary_cache);
   BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
   table_options.block_cache = cache;
   table_options.block_size = 4 * 1024;
@@ -2326,16 +2347,16 @@ TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, TestSecondaryCacheOptionBasic) {
 // We disable the secondary cache in DBOptions at first. Close and reopen the DB
 // with new options, which set the lowest_used_cache_tier to
 // kNonVolatileBlockTier. So secondary cache will be used.
-TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, TestSecondaryCacheOptionChange) {
+TEST_P(DBSecondaryCacheTest, TestSecondaryCacheOptionChange) {
-  LRUCacheOptions opts(4 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+  if (GetParam() == kHyperClock) {
-                       false /* strict_capacity_limit */,
+    ROCKSDB_GTEST_BYPASS("Test depends on LRUCache-specific behaviors");
-                       0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
+    return;
-                       nullptr /* memory_allocator */, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
+  }
-                       kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
   std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache(
       new TestSecondaryCache(2048 * 1024));
-  opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
+      NewCache(4 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+               false /* strict_capacity_limit */, secondary_cache);
   BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
   table_options.block_cache = cache;
   table_options.block_size = 4 * 1024;
@@ -2421,16 +2442,16 @@ TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, TestSecondaryCacheOptionChange) {
 
 // Two DB test. We create 2 DBs sharing the same block cache and secondary
 // cache. We diable the secondary cache option for DB2.
-TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, TestSecondaryCacheOptionTwoDB) {
+TEST_P(DBSecondaryCacheTest, TestSecondaryCacheOptionTwoDB) {
-  LRUCacheOptions opts(4 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+  if (GetParam() == kHyperClock) {
-                       false /* strict_capacity_limit */,
+    ROCKSDB_GTEST_BYPASS("Test depends on LRUCache-specific behaviors");
-                       0.5 /* high_pri_pool_ratio */,
+    return;
-                       nullptr /* memory_allocator */, kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex,
+  }
-                       kDontChargeCacheMetadata);
   std::shared_ptr<TestSecondaryCache> secondary_cache(
       new TestSecondaryCache(2048 * 1024));
-  opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache =
-  std::shared_ptr<Cache> cache = NewLRUCache(opts);
+      NewCache(4 * 1024 /* capacity */, 0 /* num_shard_bits */,
+               false /* strict_capacity_limit */, secondary_cache);
   BlockBasedTableOptions table_options;
   table_options.block_cache = cache;
   table_options.block_size = 4 * 1024;
@@ -2528,7 +2549,6 @@ TEST_F(DBSecondaryCacheTest, TestSecondaryCacheOptionTwoDB) {
   ASSERT_OK(DestroyDB(dbname2, options));
 }
 
-
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {

cache/secondary_cache_adapter.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+//  Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+
+#include "cache/secondary_cache_adapter.h"
+
+#include "monitoring/perf_context_imp.h"
+
+namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
+
+namespace {
+// A distinct pointer value for marking "dummy" cache entries
+struct Dummy {
+  char val[7] = "kDummy";
+};
+const Dummy kDummy{};
+Cache::ObjectPtr const kDummyObj = const_cast<Dummy*>(&kDummy);
+}  // namespace
+
+CacheWithSecondaryAdapter::CacheWithSecondaryAdapter(
+    std::shared_ptr<Cache> target,
+    std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> secondary_cache)
+    : CacheWrapper(std::move(target)),
+      secondary_cache_(std::move(secondary_cache)) {
+  target_->SetEvictionCallback([this](const Slice& key, Handle* handle) {
+    return EvictionHandler(key, handle);
+  });
+}
+
+CacheWithSecondaryAdapter::~CacheWithSecondaryAdapter() {
+  // `*this` will be destroyed before `*target_`, so we have to prevent
+  // use after free
+  target_->SetEvictionCallback({});
+}
+
+bool CacheWithSecondaryAdapter::EvictionHandler(const Slice& key,
+                                                Handle* handle) {
+  auto helper = GetCacheItemHelper(handle);
+  if (helper->IsSecondaryCacheCompatible()) {
+    auto obj = target_->Value(handle);
+    // Ignore dummy entry
+    if (obj != kDummyObj) {
+      // Spill into secondary cache.
+      secondary_cache_->Insert(key, obj, helper).PermitUncheckedError();
+    }
+  }
+  // Never takes ownership of obj
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool CacheWithSecondaryAdapter::ProcessDummyResult(Cache::Handle** handle,
+                                                   bool erase) {
+  if (*handle && target_->Value(*handle) == kDummyObj) {
+    target_->Release(*handle, erase);
+    *handle = nullptr;
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+void CacheWithSecondaryAdapter::CleanupCacheObject(
+    ObjectPtr obj, const CacheItemHelper* helper) {
+  if (helper->del_cb) {
+    helper->del_cb(obj, memory_allocator());
+  }
+}
+
+Cache::Handle* CacheWithSecondaryAdapter::Promote(
+    std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle>&& secondary_handle,
+    const Slice& key, const CacheItemHelper* helper, Priority priority,
+    Statistics* stats, bool found_dummy_entry, bool kept_in_sec_cache) {
+  assert(secondary_handle->IsReady());
+
+  ObjectPtr obj = secondary_handle->Value();
+  if (!obj) {
+    // Nothing found.
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  // Found something.
+  switch (helper->role) {
+    case CacheEntryRole::kFilterBlock:
+      RecordTick(stats, SECONDARY_CACHE_FILTER_HITS);
+      break;
+    case CacheEntryRole::kIndexBlock:
+      RecordTick(stats, SECONDARY_CACHE_INDEX_HITS);
+      break;
+    case CacheEntryRole::kDataBlock:
+      RecordTick(stats, SECONDARY_CACHE_DATA_HITS);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+  PERF_COUNTER_ADD(secondary_cache_hit_count, 1);
+  RecordTick(stats, SECONDARY_CACHE_HITS);
+
+  // FIXME? using charge=Size() is suspicious but inherited from older
+  // implementation
+  size_t charge = secondary_handle->Size();
+  Handle* result = nullptr;
+  // Insert into primary cache, possibly as a standalone+dummy entries.
+  if (secondary_cache_->SupportForceErase() && !found_dummy_entry) {
+    // Create standalone and insert dummy
+    // Allow standalone to be created even if cache is full, to avoid
+    // reading the entry from storage.
+    result =
+        CreateStandalone(key, obj, helper, charge, /*allow_uncharged*/ true);
+    assert(result);
+    PERF_COUNTER_ADD(block_cache_standalone_handle_count, 1);
+
+    // Insert dummy to record recent use
+    // TODO: try to avoid case where inserting this dummy could overwrite a
+    // regular entry
+    Status s = Insert(key, kDummyObj, &kNoopCacheItemHelper, /*charge=*/0,
+                      /*handle=*/nullptr, priority);
+    s.PermitUncheckedError();
+    // Nothing to do or clean up on dummy insertion failure
+  } else {
+    // Insert regular entry into primary cache.
+    // Don't allow it to spill into secondary cache again if it was kept there.
+    Status s = Insert(
+        key, obj, kept_in_sec_cache ? helper->without_secondary_compat : helper,
+        charge, &result, priority);
+    if (s.ok()) {
+      assert(result);
+      PERF_COUNTER_ADD(block_cache_real_handle_count, 1);
+    } else {
+      // Create standalone result instead, even if cache is full, to avoid
+      // reading the entry from storage.
+      result =
+          CreateStandalone(key, obj, helper, charge, /*allow_uncharged*/ true);
+      assert(result);
+      PERF_COUNTER_ADD(block_cache_standalone_handle_count, 1);
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+Cache::Handle* CacheWithSecondaryAdapter::Lookup(const Slice& key,
+                                                 const CacheItemHelper* helper,
+                                                 CreateContext* create_context,
+                                                 Priority priority,
+                                                 Statistics* stats) {
+  // NOTE: we could just StartAsyncLookup() and Wait(), but this should be a bit
+  // more efficient
+  Handle* result =
+      target_->Lookup(key, helper, create_context, priority, stats);
+  bool secondary_compatible = helper && helper->IsSecondaryCacheCompatible();
+  bool found_dummy_entry =
+      ProcessDummyResult(&result, /*erase=*/secondary_compatible);
+  if (!result && secondary_compatible) {
+    // Try our secondary cache
+    bool kept_in_sec_cache = false;
+    std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle> secondary_handle =
+        secondary_cache_->Lookup(key, helper, create_context, /*wait*/ true,
+                                 found_dummy_entry, /*out*/ kept_in_sec_cache);
+    if (secondary_handle) {
+      result = Promote(std::move(secondary_handle), key, helper, priority,
+                       stats, found_dummy_entry, kept_in_sec_cache);
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+Cache::ObjectPtr CacheWithSecondaryAdapter::Value(Handle* handle) {
+  ObjectPtr v = target_->Value(handle);
+  // TODO with stacked secondaries: might fail in EvictionHandler
+  assert(v != kDummyObj);
+  return v;
+}
+
+void CacheWithSecondaryAdapter::StartAsyncLookupOnMySecondary(
+    AsyncLookupHandle& async_handle) {
+  assert(!async_handle.IsPending());
+  assert(async_handle.result_handle == nullptr);
+
+  std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle> secondary_handle =
+      secondary_cache_->Lookup(async_handle.key, async_handle.helper,
+                               async_handle.create_context, /*wait*/ false,
+                               async_handle.found_dummy_entry,
+                               /*out*/ async_handle.kept_in_sec_cache);
+  if (secondary_handle) {
+    // TODO with stacked secondaries: Check & process if already ready?
+    async_handle.pending_handle = secondary_handle.release();
+    async_handle.pending_cache = secondary_cache_.get();
+  }
+}
+
+void CacheWithSecondaryAdapter::StartAsyncLookup(
+    AsyncLookupHandle& async_handle) {
+  target_->StartAsyncLookup(async_handle);
+  if (!async_handle.IsPending()) {
+    bool secondary_compatible =
+        async_handle.helper &&
+        async_handle.helper->IsSecondaryCacheCompatible();
+    async_handle.found_dummy_entry |= ProcessDummyResult(
+        &async_handle.result_handle, /*erase=*/secondary_compatible);
+
+    if (async_handle.Result() == nullptr && secondary_compatible) {
+      // Not found and not pending on another secondary cache
+      StartAsyncLookupOnMySecondary(async_handle);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void CacheWithSecondaryAdapter::WaitAll(AsyncLookupHandle* async_handles,
+                                        size_t count) {
+  if (count == 0) {
+    // Nothing to do
+    return;
+  }
+  // Requests that are pending on *my* secondary cache, at the start of this
+  // function
+  std::vector<AsyncLookupHandle*> my_pending;
+  // Requests that are pending on an "inner" secondary cache (managed somewhere
+  // under target_), as of the start of this function
+  std::vector<AsyncLookupHandle*> inner_pending;
+
+  // Initial accounting of pending handles, excluding those already handled
+  // by "outer" secondary caches. (See cur->pending_cache = nullptr.)
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+    AsyncLookupHandle* cur = async_handles + i;
+    if (cur->pending_cache) {
+      assert(cur->IsPending());
+      assert(cur->helper);
+      assert(cur->helper->IsSecondaryCacheCompatible());
+      if (cur->pending_cache == secondary_cache_.get()) {
+        my_pending.push_back(cur);
+        // Mark as "to be handled by this caller"
+        cur->pending_cache = nullptr;
+      } else {
+        // Remember as potentially needing a lookup in my secondary
+        inner_pending.push_back(cur);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Wait on inner-most cache lookups first
+  // TODO with stacked secondaries: because we are not using proper
+  // async/await constructs here yet, there is a false synchronization point
+  // here where all the results at one level are needed before initiating
+  // any lookups at the next level. Probably not a big deal, but worth noting.
+  if (!inner_pending.empty()) {
+    target_->WaitAll(async_handles, count);
+  }
+
+  // For those that failed to find something, convert to lookup in my
+  // secondary cache.
+  for (AsyncLookupHandle* cur : inner_pending) {
+    if (cur->Result() == nullptr) {
+      // Not found, try my secondary
+      StartAsyncLookupOnMySecondary(*cur);
+      if (cur->IsPending()) {
+        assert(cur->pending_cache == secondary_cache_.get());
+        my_pending.push_back(cur);
+        // Mark as "to be handled by this caller"
+        cur->pending_cache = nullptr;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Wait on all lookups on my secondary cache
+  {
+    std::vector<SecondaryCacheResultHandle*> my_secondary_handles;
+    for (AsyncLookupHandle* cur : my_pending) {
+      my_secondary_handles.push_back(cur->pending_handle);
+    }
+    secondary_cache_->WaitAll(my_secondary_handles);
+  }
+
+  // Process results
+  for (AsyncLookupHandle* cur : my_pending) {
+    std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle> secondary_handle(
+        cur->pending_handle);
+    cur->pending_handle = nullptr;
+    cur->result_handle = Promote(
+        std::move(secondary_handle), cur->key, cur->helper, cur->priority,
+        cur->stats, cur->found_dummy_entry, cur->kept_in_sec_cache);
+    assert(cur->pending_cache == nullptr);
+  }
+}
+
+std::string CacheWithSecondaryAdapter::GetPrintableOptions() const {
+  std::string str = target_->GetPrintableOptions();
+  str.append("  secondary_cache:\n");
+  str.append(secondary_cache_->GetPrintableOptions());
+  return str;
+}
+
+const char* CacheWithSecondaryAdapter::Name() const {
+  // To the user, at least for now, configure the underlying cache with
+  // a secondary cache. So we pretend to be that cache
+  return target_->Name();
+}
+}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

cache/secondary_cache_adapter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//  Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "rocksdb/secondary_cache.h"
+
+namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
+
+class CacheWithSecondaryAdapter : public CacheWrapper {
+ public:
+  explicit CacheWithSecondaryAdapter(
+      std::shared_ptr<Cache> target,
+      std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> secondary_cache);
+
+  ~CacheWithSecondaryAdapter() override;
+
+  Handle* Lookup(const Slice& key, const CacheItemHelper* helper,
+                 CreateContext* create_context,
+                 Priority priority = Priority::LOW,
+                 Statistics* stats = nullptr) override;
+
+  ObjectPtr Value(Handle* handle) override;
+
+  void StartAsyncLookup(AsyncLookupHandle& async_handle) override;
+
+  void WaitAll(AsyncLookupHandle* async_handles, size_t count) override;
+
+  std::string GetPrintableOptions() const override;
+
+  const char* Name() const override;
+
+ private:
+  bool EvictionHandler(const Slice& key, Handle* handle);
+
+  void StartAsyncLookupOnMySecondary(AsyncLookupHandle& async_handle);
+
+  Handle* Promote(
+      std::unique_ptr<SecondaryCacheResultHandle>&& secondary_handle,
+      const Slice& key, const CacheItemHelper* helper, Priority priority,
+      Statistics* stats, bool found_dummy_entry, bool kept_in_sec_cache);
+
+  bool ProcessDummyResult(Cache::Handle** handle, bool erase);
+
+  void CleanupCacheObject(ObjectPtr obj, const CacheItemHelper* helper);
+
+  std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> secondary_cache_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

cache/sharded_cache.h

@@ -51,15 +51,17 @@ class CacheShardBase {
   };
   Status Insert(const Slice& key, HashCref hash, Cache::ObjectPtr value,
                 const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper, size_t charge,
-                HandleImpl** handle, Cache::Priority priority) = 0;
+                HandleImpl** handle, Cache::Priority priority,
+                bool standalone) = 0;
+  Handle* CreateStandalone(const Slice& key, HashCref hash, ObjectPtr obj,
+                           const CacheItemHelper* helper,
+                           size_t charge, bool allow_uncharged) = 0;
   HandleImpl* Lookup(const Slice& key, HashCref hash,
                         const Cache::CacheItemHelper* helper,
                         Cache::CreateContext* create_context,
-                        Cache::Priority priority, bool wait,
+                        Cache::Priority priority,
                         Statistics* stats) = 0;
   bool Release(HandleImpl* handle, bool useful, bool erase_if_last_ref) = 0;
-  bool IsReady(HandleImpl* handle) = 0;
-  void Wait(HandleImpl* handle) = 0;
   bool Ref(HandleImpl* handle) = 0;
   void Erase(const Slice& key, HashCref hash) = 0;
   void SetCapacity(size_t capacity) = 0;
@@ -169,24 +171,33 @@ class ShardedCache : public ShardedCacheBase {
         [s_c_l](CacheShard* cs) { cs->SetStrictCapacityLimit(s_c_l); });
   }
 
-  Status Insert(const Slice& key, ObjectPtr value,
+  Status Insert(const Slice& key, ObjectPtr obj, const CacheItemHelper* helper,
-                const CacheItemHelper* helper, size_t charge,
+                size_t charge, Handle** handle = nullptr,
-                Handle** handle = nullptr,
                 Priority priority = Priority::LOW) override {
     assert(helper);
     HashVal hash = CacheShard::ComputeHash(key);
     auto h_out = reinterpret_cast<HandleImpl**>(handle);
-    return GetShard(hash).Insert(key, hash, value, helper, charge, h_out,
+    return GetShard(hash).Insert(key, hash, obj, helper, charge, h_out,
                                  priority);
   }
 
+  Handle* CreateStandalone(const Slice& key, ObjectPtr obj,
+                           const CacheItemHelper* helper, size_t charge,
+                           bool allow_uncharged) override {
+    assert(helper);
+    HashVal hash = CacheShard::ComputeHash(key);
+    HandleImpl* result = GetShard(hash).CreateStandalone(
+        key, hash, obj, helper, charge, allow_uncharged);
+    return reinterpret_cast<Handle*>(result);
+  }
+
   Handle* Lookup(const Slice& key, const CacheItemHelper* helper = nullptr,
                  CreateContext* create_context = nullptr,
-                 Priority priority = Priority::LOW, bool wait = true,
+                 Priority priority = Priority::LOW,
                  Statistics* stats = nullptr) override {
     HashVal hash = CacheShard::ComputeHash(key);
-    HandleImpl* result = GetShard(hash).Lookup(
+    HandleImpl* result = GetShard(hash).Lookup(key, hash, helper,
-        key, hash, helper, create_context, priority, wait, stats);
+                                               create_context, priority, stats);
     return reinterpret_cast<Handle*>(result);
   }
 
@@ -200,14 +211,6 @@ class ShardedCache : public ShardedCacheBase {
     auto h = reinterpret_cast<HandleImpl*>(handle);
     return GetShard(h->GetHash()).Release(h, useful, erase_if_last_ref);
   }
-  bool IsReady(Handle* handle) override {
-    auto h = reinterpret_cast<HandleImpl*>(handle);
-    return GetShard(h->GetHash()).IsReady(h);
-  }
-  void Wait(Handle* handle) override {
-    auto h = reinterpret_cast<HandleImpl*>(handle);
-    GetShard(h->GetHash()).Wait(h);
-  }
   bool Ref(Handle* handle) override {
     auto h = reinterpret_cast<HandleImpl*>(handle);
     return GetShard(h->GetHash()).Ref(h);

cache/typed_cache.h

@@ -153,6 +153,11 @@ class BasicTypedCacheInterface : public BaseCacheInterface<CachePtr>,
   using BasicTypedCacheHelper<TValue, kRole>::GetBasicHelper;
   // ctor
   using BaseCacheInterface<CachePtr>::BaseCacheInterface;
+  struct TypedAsyncLookupHandle : public Cache::AsyncLookupHandle {
+    TypedHandle* Result() {
+      return reinterpret_cast<TypedHandle*>(Cache::AsyncLookupHandle::Result());
+    }
+  };
 
   inline Status Insert(const Slice& key, TValuePtr value, size_t charge,
                        TypedHandle** handle = nullptr,
@@ -168,6 +173,11 @@ class BasicTypedCacheInterface : public BaseCacheInterface<CachePtr>,
         this->cache_->BasicLookup(key, stats));
   }
 
+  inline void StartAsyncLookup(TypedAsyncLookupHandle& async_handle) {
+    assert(async_handle.helper == nullptr);
+    this->cache_->StartAsyncLookup(async_handle);
+  }
+
   inline CacheHandleGuard<TValue> Guard(TypedHandle* handle) {
     if (handle) {
       return CacheHandleGuard<TValue>(&*this->cache_, handle);
@@ -275,6 +285,8 @@ class FullTypedCacheInterface
  public:
   CACHE_TYPE_DEFS();
   using typename BasicTypedCacheInterface<TValue, kRole, CachePtr>::TypedHandle;
+  using typename BasicTypedCacheInterface<TValue, kRole,
+                                          CachePtr>::TypedAsyncLookupHandle;
   using typename BasicTypedCacheHelperFns<TValue>::TValuePtr;
   using BasicTypedCacheHelper<TValue, kRole>::GetBasicHelper;
   using FullTypedCacheHelper<TValue, TCreateContext, kRole>::GetFullHelper;
@@ -326,17 +338,28 @@ class FullTypedCacheInterface
   // (Basic Lookup() also inherited.)
   inline TypedHandle* LookupFull(
       const Slice& key, TCreateContext* create_context = nullptr,
-      Priority priority = Priority::LOW, bool wait = true,
+      Priority priority = Priority::LOW, Statistics* stats = nullptr,
-      Statistics* stats = nullptr,
       CacheTier lowest_used_cache_tier = CacheTier::kNonVolatileBlockTier) {
     if (lowest_used_cache_tier == CacheTier::kNonVolatileBlockTier) {
       return reinterpret_cast<TypedHandle*>(this->cache_->Lookup(
-          key, GetFullHelper(), create_context, priority, wait, stats));
+          key, GetFullHelper(), create_context, priority, stats));
     } else {
       return BasicTypedCacheInterface<TValue, kRole, CachePtr>::Lookup(key,
                                                                        stats);
     }
   }
+
+  inline void StartAsyncLookupFull(
+      TypedAsyncLookupHandle& async_handle,
+      CacheTier lowest_used_cache_tier = CacheTier::kNonVolatileBlockTier) {
+    if (lowest_used_cache_tier == CacheTier::kNonVolatileBlockTier) {
+      async_handle.helper = GetFullHelper();
+      this->cache_->StartAsyncLookup(async_handle);
+    } else {
+      BasicTypedCacheInterface<TValue, kRole, CachePtr>::StartAsyncLookup(
+          async_handle);
+    }
+  }
 };
 
 // FullTypedSharedCacheInterface - Like FullTypedCacheInterface but with a

db/blob/blob_source.cc

@@ -104,9 +104,9 @@ Status BlobSource::PutBlobIntoCache(
 }
 
 BlobSource::TypedHandle* BlobSource::GetEntryFromCache(const Slice& key) const {
-  return blob_cache_.LookupFull(
+  return blob_cache_.LookupFull(key, nullptr /* context */,
-      key, nullptr /* context */, Cache::Priority::BOTTOM,
+                                Cache::Priority::BOTTOM, statistics_,
-      true /* wait_for_cache */, statistics_, lowest_used_cache_tier_);
+                                lowest_used_cache_tier_);
 }
 
 void BlobSource::PinCachedBlob(CacheHandleGuard<BlobContents>* cached_blob,

db/db_basic_test.cc

@@ -3629,11 +3629,11 @@ class DBBasicTestMultiGet : public DBTestBase {
 
     Handle* Lookup(const Slice& key, const CacheItemHelper* helper,
                    CreateContext* create_context,
-                   Priority priority = Priority::LOW, bool wait = true,
+                   Priority priority = Priority::LOW,
                    Statistics* stats = nullptr) override {
       num_lookups_++;
       Handle* handle =
-          target_->Lookup(key, helper, create_context, priority, wait, stats);
+          target_->Lookup(key, helper, create_context, priority, stats);
       if (handle != nullptr) {
         num_found_++;
       }

db/db_block_cache_test.cc

@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ class LookupLiarCache : public CacheWrapper {
 
   Handle* Lookup(const Slice& key, const CacheItemHelper* helper = nullptr,
                  CreateContext* create_context = nullptr,
-                 Priority priority = Priority::LOW, bool wait = true,
+                 Priority priority = Priority::LOW,
                  Statistics* stats = nullptr) override {
     if (nth_lookup_not_found_ == 1) {
       nth_lookup_not_found_ = 0;
@@ -726,8 +726,7 @@ class LookupLiarCache : public CacheWrapper {
     if (nth_lookup_not_found_ > 1) {
       --nth_lookup_not_found_;
     }
-    return CacheWrapper::Lookup(key, helper, create_context, priority, wait,
+    return CacheWrapper::Lookup(key, helper, create_context, priority, stats);
-                                stats);
   }
 
   // 1 == next lookup, 2 == after next, etc.

db/error_handler_fs_test.cc

@@ -2860,4 +2860,3 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
   return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
 }
-

db_stress_tool/db_stress_test_base.cc

@@ -109,36 +109,37 @@ std::shared_ptr<Cache> StressTest::NewCache(size_t capacity,
     return nullptr;
   }
 
+  std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> secondary_cache;
+  if (!FLAGS_secondary_cache_uri.empty()) {
+    Status s = SecondaryCache::CreateFromString(
+        config_options, FLAGS_secondary_cache_uri, &secondary_cache);
+    if (secondary_cache == nullptr) {
+      fprintf(stderr,
+              "No secondary cache registered matching string: %s status=%s\n",
+              FLAGS_secondary_cache_uri.c_str(), s.ToString().c_str());
+      exit(1);
+    }
+    if (FLAGS_secondary_cache_fault_one_in > 0) {
+      secondary_cache = std::make_shared<FaultInjectionSecondaryCache>(
+          secondary_cache, static_cast<uint32_t>(FLAGS_seed),
+          FLAGS_secondary_cache_fault_one_in);
+    }
+  }
+
   if (FLAGS_cache_type == "clock_cache") {
     fprintf(stderr, "Old clock cache implementation has been removed.\n");
     exit(1);
   } else if (FLAGS_cache_type == "hyper_clock_cache") {
-    return HyperClockCacheOptions(static_cast<size_t>(capacity),
+    HyperClockCacheOptions opts(static_cast<size_t>(capacity),
-                                  FLAGS_block_size /*estimated_entry_charge*/,
+                                FLAGS_block_size /*estimated_entry_charge*/,
-                                  num_shard_bits)
+                                num_shard_bits);
-        .MakeSharedCache();
+    opts.secondary_cache = std::move(secondary_cache);
+    return opts.MakeSharedCache();
   } else if (FLAGS_cache_type == "lru_cache") {
     LRUCacheOptions opts;
     opts.capacity = capacity;
     opts.num_shard_bits = num_shard_bits;
-    std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> secondary_cache;
+    opts.secondary_cache = std::move(secondary_cache);
-    if (!FLAGS_secondary_cache_uri.empty()) {
-      Status s = SecondaryCache::CreateFromString(
-          config_options, FLAGS_secondary_cache_uri, &secondary_cache);
-      if (secondary_cache == nullptr) {
-        fprintf(stderr,
-                "No secondary cache registered matching string: %s status=%s\n",
-                FLAGS_secondary_cache_uri.c_str(), s.ToString().c_str());
-        exit(1);
-      }
-      if (FLAGS_secondary_cache_fault_one_in > 0) {
-        secondary_cache = std::make_shared<FaultInjectionSecondaryCache>(
-            secondary_cache, static_cast<uint32_t>(FLAGS_seed),
-            FLAGS_secondary_cache_fault_one_in);
-      }
-      opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
-    }
-
     return NewLRUCache(opts);
   } else {
     fprintf(stderr, "Cache type not supported.");

include/rocksdb/advanced_cache.h

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
 
 class Logger;
+class SecondaryCacheResultHandle;
 class Statistics;
 
 // A Cache maps keys to objects resident in memory, tracks reference counts
@@ -248,6 +249,19 @@ class Cache {
                         Handle** handle = nullptr,
                         Priority priority = Priority::LOW) = 0;
 
+  // Similar to Insert, but used for creating cache entries that cannot
+  // be found with Lookup, such as for memory charging purposes. The
+  // key is needed for cache sharding purposes.
+  // * If allow_uncharged==true or strict_capacity_limit=false, the operation
+  //   always succeeds and returns a valid Handle.
+  // * If strict_capacity_limit=true and the requested charge cannot be freed
+  //   up in the cache, then
+  //   * If allow_uncharged==true, it's created anyway (GetCharge() == 0).
+  //   * If allow_uncharged==false, returns nullptr to indicate failure.
+  virtual Handle* CreateStandalone(const Slice& key, ObjectPtr obj,
+                                   const CacheItemHelper* helper, size_t charge,
+                                   bool allow_uncharged) = 0;
+
   // Lookup the key, returning nullptr if not found. If found, returns
   // a handle to the mapping that must eventually be passed to Release().
   //
@@ -258,41 +272,15 @@ class Cache {
   // used to promote the entry to an object in the primary cache.
   // In that case, the helper may be saved and used later when the object
   // is evicted, so as usual, the pointed-to helper must outlive the cache.
-  //
-  // ======================== Async Lookup (wait=false) ======================
-  // When wait=false, the handle returned might be in any of three states:
-  // * Present - If Value() != nullptr, then the result is present and
-  // the handle can be used just as if wait=true.
-  // * Pending, not ready (IsReady() == false) - secondary cache is still
-  // working to retrieve the value. Might become ready any time.
-  // * Pending, ready (IsReady() == true) - secondary cache has the value
-  // but it has not been loaded as an object into primary cache. Call to
-  // Wait()/WaitAll() will not block.
-  //
-  // IMPORTANT: Pending handles are not thread-safe, and only these functions
-  // are allowed on them: Value(), IsReady(), Wait(), WaitAll(). Even Release()
-  // can only come after Wait() or WaitAll() even though a reference is held.
-  //
-  // Only Wait()/WaitAll() gets a Handle out of a Pending state. (Waiting is
-  // safe and has no effect on other handle states.) After waiting on a Handle,
-  // it is in one of two states:
-  // * Present - if Value() != nullptr
-  // * Failed - if Value() == nullptr, such as if the secondary cache
-  // initially thought it had the value but actually did not.
-  //
-  // Note that given an arbitrary Handle, the only way to distinguish the
-  // Pending+ready state from the Failed state is to Wait() on it. A cache
-  // entry not compatible with secondary cache can also have Value()==nullptr
-  // like the Failed state, but this is not generally a concern.
   virtual Handle* Lookup(const Slice& key,
                          const CacheItemHelper* helper = nullptr,
                          CreateContext* create_context = nullptr,
-                         Priority priority = Priority::LOW, bool wait = true,
+                         Priority priority = Priority::LOW,
                          Statistics* stats = nullptr) = 0;
 
   // Convenience wrapper when secondary cache not supported
   inline Handle* BasicLookup(const Slice& key, Statistics* stats) {
-    return Lookup(key, nullptr, nullptr, Priority::LOW, true, stats);
+    return Lookup(key, nullptr, nullptr, Priority::LOW, stats);
   }
 
   // Increments the reference count for the handle if it refers to an entry in
@@ -429,28 +417,109 @@ class Cache {
     return Release(handle, erase_if_last_ref);
   }
 
-  // Determines if the handle returned by Lookup() can give a value without
+  // A temporary handle structure for managing async lookups, which callers
-  // blocking, though Wait()/WaitAll() might be required to publish it to
+  // of AsyncLookup() can allocate on the call stack for efficiency.
-  // Value(). See secondary cache compatible Lookup() above for details.
+  // An AsyncLookupHandle should not be used concurrently across threads.
-  // This call is not thread safe on "pending" handles.
+  struct AsyncLookupHandle {
-  virtual bool IsReady(Handle* /*handle*/) { return true; }
+    // Inputs, populated by caller:
+    // NOTE: at least in case of stacked secondary caches, the underlying
+    // key buffer must last until handle is completely waited on.
+    Slice key;
+    const CacheItemHelper* helper = nullptr;
+    CreateContext* create_context = nullptr;
+    Priority priority = Priority::LOW;
+    Statistics* stats = nullptr;
 
-  // Convert a "pending" handle into a full thread-shareable handle by
+    AsyncLookupHandle() {}
-  // * If necessary, wait until secondary cache finishes loading the value.
+    AsyncLookupHandle(const Slice& _key, const CacheItemHelper* _helper,
-  // * Construct the object for primary cache and set it in the handle.
+                      CreateContext* _create_context,
-  // Even after Wait() on a pending handle, the caller must check for
+                      Priority _priority = Priority::LOW,
-  // Value() == nullptr in case of failure. This call is not thread-safe
+                      Statistics* _stats = nullptr)
-  // on pending handles. This call has no effect on non-pending handles.
+        : key(_key),
-  // See secondary cache compatible Lookup() above for details.
+          helper(_helper),
-  virtual void Wait(Handle* /*handle*/) {}
+          create_context(_create_context),
+          priority(_priority),
+          stats(_stats) {}
 
-  // Wait for a vector of handles to become ready. As with Wait(), the user
+    // AsyncLookupHandle should only be destroyed when no longer pending
-  // should check the Value() of each handle for nullptr. This call is not
+    ~AsyncLookupHandle() { assert(!IsPending()); }
-  // thread-safe on pending handles.
-  virtual void WaitAll(std::vector<Handle*>& /*handles*/) {}
 
- private:
+    // No copies or moves (StartAsyncLookup may save a pointer to this)
+    AsyncLookupHandle(const AsyncLookupHandle&) = delete;
+    AsyncLookupHandle operator=(const AsyncLookupHandle&) = delete;
+    AsyncLookupHandle(AsyncLookupHandle&&) = delete;
+    AsyncLookupHandle operator=(AsyncLookupHandle&&) = delete;
+
+    // Determines if the handle returned by Lookup() can give a value without
+    // blocking, though Wait()/WaitAll() might be required to publish it to
+    // Value(). See secondary cache compatible Lookup() above for details.
+    // This call is not thread safe on "pending" handles.
+    // WART/TODO with stacked secondaries: might indicate ready when one
+    // result is ready (a miss) but the next lookup will block.
+    bool IsReady();
+
+    // Returns true if Wait/WaitAll is required before calling Result().
+    bool IsPending();
+
+    // Returns a Lookup()-like result if this AsyncHandle is not pending.
+    // (Undefined behavior on a pending AsyncHandle.) Like Lookup(), the
+    // caller is responsible for eventually Release()ing a non-nullptr
+    // Handle* result.
+    Handle* Result();
+
+    // Implementation details, for RocksDB internal use only
+    Handle* result_handle = nullptr;
+    SecondaryCacheResultHandle* pending_handle = nullptr;
+    SecondaryCache* pending_cache = nullptr;
+    bool found_dummy_entry = false;
+    bool kept_in_sec_cache = false;
+  };
+
+  // Starts a potentially asynchronous Lookup(), based on the populated
+  // "input" fields of the async_handle. The caller is responsible for
+  // keeping the AsyncLookupHandle and the key it references alive through
+  // WaitAll(), and the AsyncLookupHandle alive through
+  // AsyncLookupHandle::Result(). WaitAll() can only be skipped if
+  // AsyncLookupHandle::IsPending() is already false after StartAsyncLookup.
+  // Calling AsyncLookupHandle::Result() is essentially required so that
+  // Release() can be called on non-nullptr Handle result. Wait() is a
+  // concise version of WaitAll()+Result() on a single handle. After an
+  // AsyncLookupHandle has completed this cycle, its input fields can be
+  // updated and re-used for another StartAsyncLookup.
+  //
+  // Handle is thread-safe while AsyncLookupHandle is not thread-safe.
+  //
+  // Default implementation is appropriate for Caches without
+  // true asynchronous support: defers to synchronous Lookup().
+  // (AsyncLookupHandles will only get into the "pending" state with
+  // SecondaryCache configured.)
+  virtual void StartAsyncLookup(AsyncLookupHandle& async_handle);
+
+  // A convenient wrapper around WaitAll() and AsyncLookupHandle::Result()
+  // for a single async handle. See StartAsyncLookup().
+  Handle* Wait(AsyncLookupHandle& async_handle);
+
+  // Wait for an array of async handles to get results, so that none are left
+  // in the "pending" state. Not thread safe. See StartAsyncLookup().
+  // Default implementation is appropriate for Caches without true
+  // asynchronous support: asserts that all handles are not pending (or not
+  // expected to be handled by this cache, in case of wrapped/stacked
+  // WaitAlls()).
+  virtual void WaitAll(AsyncLookupHandle* /*async_handles*/, size_t /*count*/);
+
+  // For a function called on cache entries about to be evicted. The function
+  // returns `true` if it has taken ownership of the Value (object), or
+  // `false` if the cache should destroy it as usual. Regardless, Ref() and
+  // Release() cannot be called on this Handle that is poised for eviction.
+  using EvictionCallback = std::function<bool(const Slice& key, Handle* h)>;
+  // Sets an eviction callback for this Cache. Not thread safe and only
+  // supports being set once, so should only be used during initialization
+  // or destruction, guaranteed before or after any thread-shared operations.
+  void SetEvictionCallback(EvictionCallback&& fn);
+
+ protected:
   std::shared_ptr<MemoryAllocator> memory_allocator_;
+  EvictionCallback eviction_callback_;
 };
 
 // A wrapper around Cache that can easily be extended with instrumentation,
@@ -470,11 +539,17 @@ class CacheWrapper : public Cache {
     return target_->Insert(key, value, helper, charge, handle, priority);
   }
 
+  Handle* CreateStandalone(const Slice& key, ObjectPtr obj,
+                           const CacheItemHelper* helper, size_t charge,
+                           bool allow_uncharged) override {
+    return target_->CreateStandalone(key, obj, helper, charge, allow_uncharged);
+  }
+
   Handle* Lookup(const Slice& key, const CacheItemHelper* helper,
                  CreateContext* create_context,
-                 Priority priority = Priority::LOW, bool wait = true,
+                 Priority priority = Priority::LOW,
                  Statistics* stats = nullptr) override {
-    return target_->Lookup(key, helper, create_context, priority, wait, stats);
+    return target_->Lookup(key, helper, create_context, priority, stats);
   }
 
   bool Ref(Handle* handle) override { return target_->Ref(handle); }
@@ -526,6 +601,14 @@ class CacheWrapper : public Cache {
 
   void EraseUnRefEntries() override { target_->EraseUnRefEntries(); }
 
+  void StartAsyncLookup(AsyncLookupHandle& async_handle) override {
+    target_->StartAsyncLookup(async_handle);
+  }
+
+  void WaitAll(AsyncLookupHandle* async_handles, size_t count) override {
+    target_->WaitAll(async_handles, count);
+  }
+
  protected:
   std::shared_ptr<Cache> target_;
 };

include/rocksdb/cache.h

@@ -135,6 +135,9 @@ struct ShardedCacheOptions {
   CacheMetadataChargePolicy metadata_charge_policy =
       kDefaultCacheMetadataChargePolicy;
 
+  // A SecondaryCache instance to use the non-volatile tier.
+  std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> secondary_cache;
+
   ShardedCacheOptions() {}
   ShardedCacheOptions(
       size_t _capacity, int _num_shard_bits, bool _strict_capacity_limit,
@@ -182,9 +185,6 @@ struct LRUCacheOptions : public ShardedCacheOptions {
   // -DROCKSDB_DEFAULT_TO_ADAPTIVE_MUTEX, false otherwise.
   bool use_adaptive_mutex = kDefaultToAdaptiveMutex;
 
-  // A SecondaryCache instance to use a the non-volatile tier.
-  std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> secondary_cache;
-
   LRUCacheOptions() {}
   LRUCacheOptions(size_t _capacity, int _num_shard_bits,
                   bool _strict_capacity_limit, double _high_pri_pool_ratio,

src.mk

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ LIB_SOURCES =                                                   \
   cache/lru_cache.cc                                            \
   cache/compressed_secondary_cache.cc                           \
   cache/secondary_cache.cc                                      \
+  cache/secondary_cache_adapter.cc                              \
   cache/sharded_cache.cc                                        \
   db/arena_wrapped_db_iter.cc                                   \
   db/blob/blob_contents.cc                                      \

table/block_based/block_based_table_reader.cc

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ CacheAllocationPtr CopyBufferToHeap(MemoryAllocator* allocator, Slice& buf) {
       const BlockHandle& handle, const UncompressionDict& uncompression_dict, \
       CachableEntry<T>* out_parsed_block, GetContext* get_context,            \
       BlockCacheLookupContext* lookup_context, bool for_compaction,           \
-      bool use_cache, bool wait_for_cache, bool async_read) const;
+      bool use_cache, bool async_read) const;
 
 INSTANTIATE_RETRIEVE_BLOCK(ParsedFullFilterBlock);
 INSTANTIATE_RETRIEVE_BLOCK(UncompressionDict);
@@ -1254,24 +1254,31 @@ Status BlockBasedTable::ReadMetaIndexBlock(
 }
 
 template <typename TBlocklike>
-WithBlocklikeCheck<Status, TBlocklike> BlockBasedTable::GetDataBlockFromCache(
+Cache::Priority BlockBasedTable::GetCachePriority() const {
-    const Slice& cache_key, BlockCacheInterface<TBlocklike> block_cache,
-    CachableEntry<TBlocklike>* out_parsed_block, const bool wait,
-    GetContext* get_context) const {
-  assert(out_parsed_block);
-  assert(out_parsed_block->IsEmpty());
   // Here we treat the legacy name "...index_and_filter_blocks..." to mean all
   // metadata blocks that might go into block cache, EXCEPT only those needed
   // for the read path (Get, etc.). TableProperties should not be needed on the
   // read path (prefix extractor setting is an O(1) size special case that we
   // are working not to require from TableProperties), so it is not given
   // high-priority treatment if it should go into BlockCache.
-  const Cache::Priority priority =
+  if constexpr (TBlocklike::kBlockType == BlockType::kData ||
-      rep_->table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks_with_high_priority &&
+                TBlocklike::kBlockType == BlockType::kProperties) {
-              TBlocklike::kBlockType != BlockType::kData &&
+    return Cache::Priority::LOW;
-              TBlocklike::kBlockType != BlockType::kProperties
+  } else if (rep_->table_options
-          ? Cache::Priority::HIGH
+                 .cache_index_and_filter_blocks_with_high_priority) {
-          : Cache::Priority::LOW;
+    return Cache::Priority::HIGH;
+  } else {
+    return Cache::Priority::LOW;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename TBlocklike>
+WithBlocklikeCheck<Status, TBlocklike> BlockBasedTable::GetDataBlockFromCache(
+    const Slice& cache_key, BlockCacheInterface<TBlocklike> block_cache,
+    CachableEntry<TBlocklike>* out_parsed_block,
+    GetContext* get_context) const {
+  assert(out_parsed_block);
+  assert(out_parsed_block->IsEmpty());
 
   Status s;
   Statistics* statistics = rep_->ioptions.statistics.get();
@@ -1280,8 +1287,8 @@ WithBlocklikeCheck<Status, TBlocklike> BlockBasedTable::GetDataBlockFromCache(
   if (block_cache) {
     assert(!cache_key.empty());
     auto cache_handle = block_cache.LookupFull(
-        cache_key, &rep_->create_context, priority, wait, statistics,
+        cache_key, &rep_->create_context, GetCachePriority<TBlocklike>(),
-        rep_->ioptions.lowest_used_cache_tier);
+        statistics, rep_->ioptions.lowest_used_cache_tier);
 
     // Avoid updating metrics here if the handle is not complete yet. This
     // happens with MultiGet and secondary cache. So update the metrics only
@@ -1314,11 +1321,6 @@ WithBlocklikeCheck<Status, TBlocklike> BlockBasedTable::PutDataBlockToCache(
     MemoryAllocator* memory_allocator, GetContext* get_context) const {
   const ImmutableOptions& ioptions = rep_->ioptions;
   const uint32_t format_version = rep_->table_options.format_version;
-  const Cache::Priority priority =
-      rep_->table_options.cache_index_and_filter_blocks_with_high_priority &&
-              TBlocklike::kBlockType != BlockType::kData
-          ? Cache::Priority::HIGH
-          : Cache::Priority::LOW;
   assert(out_parsed_block);
   assert(out_parsed_block->IsEmpty());
 
@@ -1349,7 +1351,7 @@ WithBlocklikeCheck<Status, TBlocklike> BlockBasedTable::PutDataBlockToCache(
     size_t charge = block_holder->ApproximateMemoryUsage();
     BlockCacheTypedHandle<TBlocklike>* cache_handle = nullptr;
     s = block_cache.InsertFull(cache_key, block_holder.get(), charge,
-                               &cache_handle, priority,
+                               &cache_handle, GetCachePriority<TBlocklike>(),
                                rep_->ioptions.lowest_used_cache_tier);
 
     if (s.ok()) {
@@ -1446,10 +1448,9 @@ WithBlocklikeCheck<Status, TBlocklike>
 BlockBasedTable::MaybeReadBlockAndLoadToCache(
     FilePrefetchBuffer* prefetch_buffer, const ReadOptions& ro,
     const BlockHandle& handle, const UncompressionDict& uncompression_dict,
-    const bool wait, const bool for_compaction,
+    bool for_compaction, CachableEntry<TBlocklike>* out_parsed_block,
-    CachableEntry<TBlocklike>* out_parsed_block, GetContext* get_context,
+    GetContext* get_context, BlockCacheLookupContext* lookup_context,
-    BlockCacheLookupContext* lookup_context, BlockContents* contents,
+    BlockContents* contents, bool async_read) const {
-    bool async_read) const {
   assert(out_parsed_block != nullptr);
   const bool no_io = (ro.read_tier == kBlockCacheTier);
   BlockCacheInterface<TBlocklike> block_cache{
@@ -1468,7 +1469,7 @@ BlockBasedTable::MaybeReadBlockAndLoadToCache(
     key = key_data.AsSlice();
 
     if (!contents) {
-      s = GetDataBlockFromCache(key, block_cache, out_parsed_block, wait,
+      s = GetDataBlockFromCache(key, block_cache, out_parsed_block,
                                 get_context);
       // Value could still be null at this point, so check the cache handle
       // and update the read pattern for prefetching
@@ -1629,15 +1630,15 @@ WithBlocklikeCheck<Status, TBlocklike> BlockBasedTable::RetrieveBlock(
     const BlockHandle& handle, const UncompressionDict& uncompression_dict,
     CachableEntry<TBlocklike>* out_parsed_block, GetContext* get_context,
     BlockCacheLookupContext* lookup_context, bool for_compaction,
-    bool use_cache, bool wait_for_cache, bool async_read) const {
+    bool use_cache, bool async_read) const {
   assert(out_parsed_block);
   assert(out_parsed_block->IsEmpty());
 
   Status s;
   if (use_cache) {
     s = MaybeReadBlockAndLoadToCache(
-        prefetch_buffer, ro, handle, uncompression_dict, wait_for_cache,
+        prefetch_buffer, ro, handle, uncompression_dict, for_compaction,
-        for_compaction, out_parsed_block, get_context, lookup_context,
+        out_parsed_block, get_context, lookup_context,
         /*contents=*/nullptr, async_read);
 
     if (!s.ok()) {

table/block_based/block_based_table_reader.h

@@ -336,10 +336,9 @@ class BlockBasedTable : public TableReader {
   WithBlocklikeCheck<Status, TBlocklike> MaybeReadBlockAndLoadToCache(
       FilePrefetchBuffer* prefetch_buffer, const ReadOptions& ro,
       const BlockHandle& handle, const UncompressionDict& uncompression_dict,
-      const bool wait, const bool for_compaction,
+      bool for_compaction, CachableEntry<TBlocklike>* block_entry,
-      CachableEntry<TBlocklike>* block_entry, GetContext* get_context,
+      GetContext* get_context, BlockCacheLookupContext* lookup_context,
-      BlockCacheLookupContext* lookup_context, BlockContents* contents,
+      BlockContents* contents, bool async_read) const;
-      bool async_read) const;
 
   // Similar to the above, with one crucial difference: it will retrieve the
   // block from the file even if there are no caches configured (assuming the
@@ -350,16 +349,14 @@ class BlockBasedTable : public TableReader {
       const BlockHandle& handle, const UncompressionDict& uncompression_dict,
       CachableEntry<TBlocklike>* block_entry, GetContext* get_context,
       BlockCacheLookupContext* lookup_context, bool for_compaction,
-      bool use_cache, bool wait_for_cache, bool async_read) const;
+      bool use_cache, bool async_read) const;
 
   DECLARE_SYNC_AND_ASYNC_CONST(
       void, RetrieveMultipleBlocks, const ReadOptions& options,
       const MultiGetRange* batch,
       const autovector<BlockHandle, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE>* handles,
-      autovector<Status, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE>* statuses,
+      Status* statuses, CachableEntry<Block>* results, char* scratch,
-      autovector<CachableEntry<Block>, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE>*
+      const UncompressionDict& uncompression_dict);
-          results,
-      char* scratch, const UncompressionDict& uncompression_dict);
 
   // Get the iterator from the index reader.
   //
@@ -379,6 +376,9 @@ class BlockBasedTable : public TableReader {
       IndexBlockIter* input_iter, GetContext* get_context,
       BlockCacheLookupContext* lookup_context) const;
 
+  template <typename TBlocklike>
+  Cache::Priority GetCachePriority() const;
+
   // Read block cache from block caches (if set): block_cache.
   // On success, Status::OK with be returned and @block will be populated with
   // pointer to the block as well as its block handle.
@@ -387,8 +387,7 @@ class BlockBasedTable : public TableReader {
   template <typename TBlocklike>
   WithBlocklikeCheck<Status, TBlocklike> GetDataBlockFromCache(
       const Slice& cache_key, BlockCacheInterface<TBlocklike> block_cache,
-      CachableEntry<TBlocklike>* block, const bool wait,
+      CachableEntry<TBlocklike>* block, GetContext* get_context) const;
-      GetContext* get_context) const;
 
   // Put a maybe compressed block to the corresponding block caches.
   // This method will perform decompression against block_contents if needed

table/block_based/block_based_table_reader_impl.h

@@ -77,15 +77,15 @@ TBlockIter* BlockBasedTable::NewDataBlockIterator(
     const UncompressionDict& dict = uncompression_dict.GetValue()
                                         ? *uncompression_dict.GetValue()
                                         : UncompressionDict::GetEmptyDict();
-    s = RetrieveBlock(
+    s = RetrieveBlock(prefetch_buffer, ro, handle, dict,
-        prefetch_buffer, ro, handle, dict, &block.As<IterBlocklike>(),
+                      &block.As<IterBlocklike>(), get_context, lookup_context,
-        get_context, lookup_context, for_compaction,
+                      for_compaction,
-        /* use_cache */ true, /* wait_for_cache */ true, async_read);
+                      /* use_cache */ true, async_read);
   } else {
     s = RetrieveBlock(
         prefetch_buffer, ro, handle, UncompressionDict::GetEmptyDict(),
         &block.As<IterBlocklike>(), get_context, lookup_context, for_compaction,
-        /* use_cache */ true, /* wait_for_cache */ true, async_read);
+        /* use_cache */ true, async_read);
   }
 
   if (s.IsTryAgain() && async_read) {

table/block_based/block_based_table_reader_sync_and_async.h

@@ -32,9 +32,8 @@ namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
 DEFINE_SYNC_AND_ASYNC(void, BlockBasedTable::RetrieveMultipleBlocks)
 (const ReadOptions& options, const MultiGetRange* batch,
  const autovector<BlockHandle, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE>* handles,
- autovector<Status, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE>* statuses,
+ Status* statuses, CachableEntry<Block>* results, char* scratch,
- autovector<CachableEntry<Block>, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE>* results,
+ const UncompressionDict& uncompression_dict) const {
- char* scratch, const UncompressionDict& uncompression_dict) const {
   RandomAccessFileReader* file = rep_->file.get();
   const Footer& footer = rep_->footer;
   const ImmutableOptions& ioptions = rep_->ioptions;
@@ -52,13 +51,14 @@ DEFINE_SYNC_AND_ASYNC(void, BlockBasedTable::RetrieveMultipleBlocks)
         continue;
       }
 
-      (*statuses)[idx_in_batch] =
+      statuses[idx_in_batch] =
           RetrieveBlock(nullptr, options, handle, uncompression_dict,
-                        &(*results)[idx_in_batch].As<Block_kData>(),
+                        &results[idx_in_batch].As<Block_kData>(),
                         mget_iter->get_context, &lookup_data_block_context,
                         /* for_compaction */ false, /* use_cache */ true,
-                        /* wait_for_cache */ true, /* async_read */ false);
+                        /* async_read */ false);
     }
+    assert(idx_in_batch == handles->size());
     CO_RETURN;
   }
 
@@ -261,12 +261,12 @@ DEFINE_SYNC_AND_ASYNC(void, BlockBasedTable::RetrieveMultipleBlocks)
       if (options.fill_cache) {
         BlockCacheLookupContext lookup_data_block_context(
             TableReaderCaller::kUserMultiGet);
-        CachableEntry<Block>* block_entry = &(*results)[idx_in_batch];
+        CachableEntry<Block>* block_entry = &results[idx_in_batch];
         // MaybeReadBlockAndLoadToCache will insert into the block caches if
         // necessary. Since we're passing the serialized block contents, it
         // will avoid looking up the block cache
         s = MaybeReadBlockAndLoadToCache(
-            nullptr, options, handle, uncompression_dict, /*wait=*/true,
+            nullptr, options, handle, uncompression_dict,
             /*for_compaction=*/false, &block_entry->As<Block_kData>(),
             mget_iter->get_context, &lookup_data_block_context,
             &serialized_block, /*async_read=*/false);
@@ -301,11 +301,11 @@ DEFINE_SYNC_AND_ASYNC(void, BlockBasedTable::RetrieveMultipleBlocks)
         contents = std::move(serialized_block);
       }
       if (s.ok()) {
-        (*results)[idx_in_batch].SetOwnedValue(std::make_unique<Block>(
+        results[idx_in_batch].SetOwnedValue(std::make_unique<Block>(
             std::move(contents), read_amp_bytes_per_bit, ioptions.stats));
       }
     }
-    (*statuses)[idx_in_batch] = s;
+    statuses[idx_in_batch] = s;
   }
 }
 
@@ -355,152 +355,147 @@ DEFINE_SYNC_AND_ASYNC(void, BlockBasedTable::MultiGet)
 
     uint64_t prev_offset = std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max();
     autovector<BlockHandle, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE> block_handles;
-    autovector<CachableEntry<Block>, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE> results;
+    std::array<CachableEntry<Block>, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE> results;
-    autovector<Status, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE> statuses;
+    std::array<Status, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE> statuses;
     MultiGetContext::Mask reused_mask = 0;
     char stack_buf[kMultiGetReadStackBufSize];
     std::unique_ptr<char[]> block_buf;
     {
       MultiGetRange data_block_range(sst_file_range, sst_file_range.begin(),
                                      sst_file_range.end());
-      std::vector<Cache::Handle*> cache_handles;
-      bool wait_for_cache_results = false;
-
       CachableEntry<UncompressionDict> uncompression_dict;
       Status uncompression_dict_status;
       uncompression_dict_status.PermitUncheckedError();
       bool uncompression_dict_inited = false;
       size_t total_len = 0;
-      ReadOptions ro = read_options;
-      ro.read_tier = kBlockCacheTier;
 
-      for (auto miter = data_block_range.begin();
+      // GetContext for any key will do, as the stats will be aggregated
-           miter != data_block_range.end(); ++miter) {
+      // anyway
-        const Slice& key = miter->ikey;
+      GetContext* get_context = sst_file_range.begin()->get_context;
-        iiter->Seek(miter->ikey);
 
-        IndexValue v;
+      {
-        if (iiter->Valid()) {
+        using BCI = BlockCacheInterface<Block_kData>;
-          v = iiter->value();
+        BCI block_cache{rep_->table_options.block_cache.get()};
-        }
+        std::array<BCI::TypedAsyncLookupHandle, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE>
-        if (!iiter->Valid() ||
+            async_handles;
-            (!v.first_internal_key.empty() && !skip_filters &&
+        std::array<CacheKey, MultiGetContext::MAX_BATCH_SIZE> cache_keys;
-             UserComparatorWrapper(rep_->internal_comparator.user_comparator())
+        size_t cache_lookup_count = 0;
-                     .CompareWithoutTimestamp(
+
-                         ExtractUserKey(key),
+        for (auto miter = data_block_range.begin();
-                         ExtractUserKey(v.first_internal_key)) < 0)) {
+             miter != data_block_range.end(); ++miter) {
-          // The requested key falls between highest key in previous block and
+          const Slice& key = miter->ikey;
-          // lowest key in current block.
+          iiter->Seek(miter->ikey);
-          if (!iiter->status().IsNotFound()) {
+
-            *(miter->s) = iiter->status();
+          IndexValue v;
+          if (iiter->Valid()) {
+            v = iiter->value();
           }
-          data_block_range.SkipKey(miter);
+          if (!iiter->Valid() ||
-          sst_file_range.SkipKey(miter);
+              (!v.first_internal_key.empty() && !skip_filters &&
-          continue;
+               UserComparatorWrapper(
-        }
+                   rep_->internal_comparator.user_comparator())
-
+                       .CompareWithoutTimestamp(
-        if (!uncompression_dict_inited && rep_->uncompression_dict_reader) {
+                           ExtractUserKey(key),
-          uncompression_dict_status =
+                           ExtractUserKey(v.first_internal_key)) < 0)) {
-              rep_->uncompression_dict_reader->GetOrReadUncompressionDictionary(
+            // The requested key falls between highest key in previous block and
-                  nullptr /* prefetch_buffer */, no_io,
+            // lowest key in current block.
-                  read_options.verify_checksums,
+            if (!iiter->status().IsNotFound()) {
-                  sst_file_range.begin()->get_context, &lookup_context,
+              *(miter->s) = iiter->status();
-                  &uncompression_dict);
-          uncompression_dict_inited = true;
-        }
-
-        if (!uncompression_dict_status.ok()) {
-          assert(!uncompression_dict_status.IsNotFound());
-          *(miter->s) = uncompression_dict_status;
-          data_block_range.SkipKey(miter);
-          sst_file_range.SkipKey(miter);
-          continue;
-        }
-
-        statuses.emplace_back();
-        results.emplace_back();
-        if (v.handle.offset() == prev_offset) {
-          // This key can reuse the previous block (later on).
-          // Mark previous as "reused"
-          reused_mask |= MultiGetContext::Mask{1} << (block_handles.size() - 1);
-          // Use null handle to indicate this one reuses same block as
-          // previous.
-          block_handles.emplace_back(BlockHandle::NullBlockHandle());
-          continue;
-        }
-        // Lookup the cache for the given data block referenced by an index
-        // iterator value (i.e BlockHandle). If it exists in the cache,
-        // initialize block to the contents of the data block.
-        prev_offset = v.handle.offset();
-        BlockHandle handle = v.handle;
-        BlockCacheLookupContext lookup_data_block_context(
-            TableReaderCaller::kUserMultiGet);
-        const UncompressionDict& dict = uncompression_dict.GetValue()
-                                            ? *uncompression_dict.GetValue()
-                                            : UncompressionDict::GetEmptyDict();
-        Status s = RetrieveBlock(
-            nullptr, ro, handle, dict, &(results.back()).As<Block_kData>(),
-            miter->get_context, &lookup_data_block_context,
-            /* for_compaction */ false, /* use_cache */ true,
-            /* wait_for_cache */ false, /* async_read */ false);
-        if (s.IsIncomplete()) {
-          s = Status::OK();
-        }
-        if (s.ok() && !results.back().IsEmpty()) {
-          // Since we have a valid handle, check the value. If its nullptr,
-          // it means the cache is waiting for the final result and we're
-          // supposed to call WaitAll() to wait for the result.
-          if (results.back().GetValue() != nullptr) {
-            // Found it in the cache. Add NULL handle to indicate there is
-            // nothing to read from disk.
-            if (results.back().GetCacheHandle()) {
-              results.back().UpdateCachedValue();
             }
-            block_handles.emplace_back(BlockHandle::NullBlockHandle());
+            data_block_range.SkipKey(miter);
-          } else {
+            sst_file_range.SkipKey(miter);
-            // We have to wait for the cache lookup to finish in the
+            continue;
-            // background, and then we may have to read the block from disk
-            // anyway
-            assert(results.back().GetCacheHandle());
-            wait_for_cache_results = true;
-            block_handles.emplace_back(handle);
-            cache_handles.emplace_back(results.back().GetCacheHandle());
           }
-        } else {
-          block_handles.emplace_back(handle);
-          total_len += BlockSizeWithTrailer(handle);
-        }
-      }
 
-      if (wait_for_cache_results) {
+          if (!uncompression_dict_inited && rep_->uncompression_dict_reader) {
-        Cache* block_cache = rep_->table_options.block_cache.get();
+            uncompression_dict_status =
-        block_cache->WaitAll(cache_handles);
+                rep_->uncompression_dict_reader
+                    ->GetOrReadUncompressionDictionary(
+                        nullptr /* prefetch_buffer */, no_io,
+                        read_options.verify_checksums, get_context,
+                        &lookup_context, &uncompression_dict);
+            uncompression_dict_inited = true;
+          }
+
+          if (!uncompression_dict_status.ok()) {
+            assert(!uncompression_dict_status.IsNotFound());
+            *(miter->s) = uncompression_dict_status;
+            data_block_range.SkipKey(miter);
+            sst_file_range.SkipKey(miter);
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          if (v.handle.offset() == prev_offset) {
+            // This key can reuse the previous block (later on).
+            // Mark previous as "reused"
+            reused_mask |= MultiGetContext::Mask{1}
+                           << (block_handles.size() - 1);
+            // Use null handle to indicate this one reuses same block as
+            // previous.
+            block_handles.emplace_back(BlockHandle::NullBlockHandle());
+            continue;
+          }
+          prev_offset = v.handle.offset();
+          block_handles.emplace_back(v.handle);
+
+          if (block_cache) {
+            // Lookup the cache for the given data block referenced by an index
+            // iterator value (i.e BlockHandle). If it exists in the cache,
+            // initialize block to the contents of the data block.
+            // TODO?
+            // BlockCacheLookupContext lookup_data_block_context(
+            //    TableReaderCaller::kUserMultiGet);
+
+            // An async version of MaybeReadBlockAndLoadToCache /
+            // GetDataBlockFromCache
+            BCI::TypedAsyncLookupHandle& async_handle =
+                async_handles[cache_lookup_count];
+            cache_keys[cache_lookup_count] =
+                GetCacheKey(rep_->base_cache_key, v.handle);
+            async_handle.key = cache_keys[cache_lookup_count].AsSlice();
+            // NB: StartAsyncLookupFull populates async_handle.helper
+            async_handle.create_context = &rep_->create_context;
+            async_handle.priority = GetCachePriority<Block_kData>();
+            async_handle.stats = rep_->ioptions.statistics.get();
+
+            block_cache.StartAsyncLookupFull(
+                async_handle, rep_->ioptions.lowest_used_cache_tier);
+            ++cache_lookup_count;
+            // TODO: stats?
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (block_cache) {
+          block_cache.get()->WaitAll(&async_handles[0], cache_lookup_count);
+        }
+        size_t lookup_idx = 0;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < block_handles.size(); ++i) {
           // If this block was a success or failure or not needed because
           // the corresponding key is in the same block as a prior key, skip
-          if (block_handles[i] == BlockHandle::NullBlockHandle() ||
+          if (block_handles[i] == BlockHandle::NullBlockHandle()) {
-              results[i].IsEmpty()) {
             continue;
           }
-          results[i].UpdateCachedValue();
+          if (!block_cache) {
-          void* val = results[i].GetValue();
-          Cache::Handle* handle = results[i].GetCacheHandle();
-          // GetContext for any key will do, as the stats will be aggregated
-          // anyway
-          GetContext* get_context = sst_file_range.begin()->get_context;
-          if (!val) {
-            // The async cache lookup failed - could be due to an error
-            // or a false positive. We need to read the data block from
-            // the SST file
-            results[i].Reset();
             total_len += BlockSizeWithTrailer(block_handles[i]);
-            UpdateCacheMissMetrics(BlockType::kData, get_context);
           } else {
-            block_handles[i] = BlockHandle::NullBlockHandle();
+            BCI::TypedHandle* h = async_handles[lookup_idx].Result();
-            UpdateCacheHitMetrics(BlockType::kData, get_context,
+            if (h) {
-                                  block_cache->GetUsage(handle));
+              // Cache hit
+              results[i].SetCachedValue(block_cache.Value(h), block_cache.get(),
+                                        h);
+              // Don't need to fetch
+              block_handles[i] = BlockHandle::NullBlockHandle();
+              UpdateCacheHitMetrics(BlockType::kData, get_context,
+                                    block_cache.get()->GetUsage(h));
+            } else {
+              // Cache miss
+              total_len += BlockSizeWithTrailer(block_handles[i]);
+              UpdateCacheMissMetrics(BlockType::kData, get_context);
+            }
+            ++lookup_idx;
           }
         }
+        assert(lookup_idx == cache_lookup_count);
       }
 
       if (total_len) {
@@ -530,11 +525,10 @@ DEFINE_SYNC_AND_ASYNC(void, BlockBasedTable::MultiGet)
           }
         }
         CO_AWAIT(RetrieveMultipleBlocks)
-        (read_options, &data_block_range, &block_handles, &statuses, &results,
+        (read_options, &data_block_range, &block_handles, &statuses[0],
-         scratch, dict);
+         &results[0], scratch, dict);
-        if (sst_file_range.begin()->get_context) {
+        if (get_context) {
-          ++(sst_file_range.begin()
+          ++(get_context->get_context_stats_.num_sst_read);
-                 ->get_context->get_context_stats_.num_sst_read);
         }
       }
     }

table/block_based/cachable_entry.h

@@ -176,22 +176,6 @@ class CachableEntry {
     assert(!own_value_);
   }
 
-  void UpdateCachedValue() {
-    assert(cache_ != nullptr);
-    assert(cache_handle_ != nullptr);
-
-    value_ = static_cast<T*>(cache_->Value(cache_handle_));
-  }
-
-  bool IsReady() {
-    if (!own_value_) {
-      assert(cache_ != nullptr);
-      assert(cache_handle_ != nullptr);
-      return cache_->IsReady(cache_handle_);
-    }
-    return true;
-  }
-
   // Since this class is essentially an elaborate pointer, it's sometimes
   // useful to be able to upcast or downcast the base type of the pointer,
   // especially when interacting with typed_cache.h.

table/block_based/filter_block_reader_common.cc

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ Status FilterBlockReaderCommon<TBlocklike>::ReadFilterBlock(
                            UncompressionDict::GetEmptyDict(), filter_block,
                            get_context, lookup_context,
                            /* for_compaction */ false, use_cache,
-                           /* wait_for_cache */ true, /* async_read */ false);
+                           /* async_read */ false);
 
   return s;
 }

table/block_based/index_reader_common.cc

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Status BlockBasedTable::IndexReaderCommon::ReadIndexBlock(
       prefetch_buffer, read_options, rep->footer.index_handle(),
       UncompressionDict::GetEmptyDict(), &index_block->As<Block_kIndex>(),
       get_context, lookup_context, /* for_compaction */ false, use_cache,
-      /* wait_for_cache */ true, /* async_read */ false);
+      /* async_read */ false);
 
   return s;
 }

table/block_based/partitioned_filter_block.cc

@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ Status PartitionedFilterBlockReader::GetFilterPartitionBlock(
                              UncompressionDict::GetEmptyDict(), filter_block,
                              get_context, lookup_context,
                              /* for_compaction */ false, /* use_cache */ true,
-                             /* wait_for_cache */ true, /* async_read */ false);
+                             /* async_read */ false);
 
   return s;
 }
@@ -518,9 +518,8 @@ Status PartitionedFilterBlockReader::CacheDependencies(const ReadOptions& ro,
     // filter blocks
     s = table()->MaybeReadBlockAndLoadToCache(
         prefetch_buffer.get(), ro, handle, UncompressionDict::GetEmptyDict(),
-        /* wait */ true, /* for_compaction */ false, &block,
+        /* for_compaction */ false, &block, nullptr /* get_context */,
-        nullptr /* get_context */, &lookup_context, nullptr /* contents */,
+        &lookup_context, nullptr /* contents */, false);
-        false);
     if (!s.ok()) {
       return s;
     }

table/block_based/partitioned_index_reader.cc

@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ Status PartitionIndexReader::CacheDependencies(const ReadOptions& ro,
     // filter blocks
     Status s = table()->MaybeReadBlockAndLoadToCache(
         prefetch_buffer.get(), ro, handle, UncompressionDict::GetEmptyDict(),
-        /*wait=*/true, /*for_compaction=*/false, &block.As<Block_kIndex>(),
+        /*for_compaction=*/false, &block.As<Block_kIndex>(),
         /*get_context=*/nullptr, &lookup_context, /*contents=*/nullptr,
         /*async_read=*/false);
 

table/block_based/uncompression_dict_reader.cc

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ Status UncompressionDictReader::ReadUncompressionDictionary(
       prefetch_buffer, read_options, rep->compression_dict_handle,
       UncompressionDict::GetEmptyDict(), uncompression_dict, get_context,
       lookup_context,
-      /* for_compaction */ false, use_cache, /* wait_for_cache */ true,
+      /* for_compaction */ false, use_cache,
       /* async_read */ false);
 
   if (!s.ok()) {

test_util/secondary_cache_test_util.cc

@@ -5,14 +5,15 @@
 
 #include "test_util/secondary_cache_test_util.h"
 
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
 #include <array>
 
 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
 
 namespace secondary_cache_test_util {
 
+namespace {
+using TestItem = WithCacheType::TestItem;
+
 size_t SizeCallback(Cache::ObjectPtr obj) {
   return static_cast<TestItem*>(obj)->Size();
 }
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ Status CreateCallback(const Slice& data, Cache::CreateContext* context,
 
 // If helpers without_secondary are provided, returns helpers with secondary
 // support. If not provided, returns helpers without secondary support.
-static auto GenerateHelpersByRole(
+auto GenerateHelpersByRole(
     const std::array<Cache::CacheItemHelper, kNumCacheEntryRoles>*
         without_secondary,
     bool fail) {
@@ -71,9 +72,10 @@ static auto GenerateHelpersByRole(
   }
   return a;
 }
+}  // namespace
 
-const Cache::CacheItemHelper* GetHelper(CacheEntryRole r,
+const Cache::CacheItemHelper* WithCacheType::GetHelper(
-                                        bool secondary_compatible, bool fail) {
+    CacheEntryRole r, bool secondary_compatible, bool fail) {
   static const std::array<Cache::CacheItemHelper, kNumCacheEntryRoles>
       without_secondary = GenerateHelpersByRole(nullptr, false);
   static const std::array<Cache::CacheItemHelper, kNumCacheEntryRoles>
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ const Cache::CacheItemHelper* GetHelper(CacheEntryRole r,
                                   : without_secondary)[static_cast<int>(r)];
 }
 
-const Cache::CacheItemHelper* GetHelperFail(CacheEntryRole r) {
+const Cache::CacheItemHelper* WithCacheType::GetHelperFail(CacheEntryRole r) {
   return GetHelper(r, true, true);
 }
 

test_util/secondary_cache_test_util.h

@@ -5,52 +5,113 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+
 #include "rocksdb/advanced_cache.h"
 
 namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
-
 namespace secondary_cache_test_util {
 
-class TestItem {
- public:
-  TestItem(const char* buf, size_t size) : buf_(new char[size]), size_(size) {
-    memcpy(buf_.get(), buf, size);
-  }
-  ~TestItem() = default;
-
-  char* Buf() { return buf_.get(); }
-  [[nodiscard]] size_t Size() const { return size_; }
-  std::string ToString() { return std::string(Buf(), Size()); }
-
- private:
-  std::unique_ptr<char[]> buf_;
-  size_t size_;
-};
-
 struct TestCreateContext : public Cache::CreateContext {
   void SetFailCreate(bool fail) { fail_create_ = fail; }
 
   bool fail_create_ = false;
 };
 
-size_t SizeCallback(Cache::ObjectPtr obj);
+class WithCacheType : public TestCreateContext {
-Status SaveToCallback(Cache::ObjectPtr from_obj, size_t from_offset,
+ public:
-                      size_t length, char* out);
+  WithCacheType() {}
-void DeletionCallback(Cache::ObjectPtr obj, MemoryAllocator* alloc);
+  virtual ~WithCacheType() {}
-Status SaveToCallbackFail(Cache::ObjectPtr obj, size_t offset, size_t size,
-                          char* out);
 
-Status CreateCallback(const Slice& data, Cache::CreateContext* context,
+  class TestItem {
-                      MemoryAllocator* allocator, Cache::ObjectPtr* out_obj,
+   public:
-                      size_t* out_charge);
+    TestItem(const char* buf, size_t size) : buf_(new char[size]), size_(size) {
+      memcpy(buf_.get(), buf, size);
+    }
+    ~TestItem() = default;
 
-const Cache::CacheItemHelper* GetHelper(
+    char* Buf() { return buf_.get(); }
-    CacheEntryRole r = CacheEntryRole::kDataBlock,
+    [[nodiscard]] size_t Size() const { return size_; }
-    bool secondary_compatible = true, bool fail = false);
+    std::string ToString() { return std::string(Buf(), Size()); }
 
-const Cache::CacheItemHelper* GetHelperFail(
+   private:
-    CacheEntryRole r = CacheEntryRole::kDataBlock);
+    std::unique_ptr<char[]> buf_;
+    size_t size_;
+  };
+
+  static constexpr auto kLRU = "lru";
+  static constexpr auto kHyperClock = "hyper_clock";
+
+  // For options other than capacity
+  size_t estimated_value_size_ = 1;
+
+  virtual const std::string& Type() = 0;
+
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> NewCache(
+      size_t capacity,
+      std::function<void(ShardedCacheOptions&)> modify_opts_fn = {}) {
+    const auto& type = Type();
+    if (type == kLRU) {
+      LRUCacheOptions lru_opts;
+      lru_opts.capacity = capacity;
+      if (modify_opts_fn) {
+        modify_opts_fn(lru_opts);
+      }
+      return NewLRUCache(lru_opts);
+    }
+    if (type == kHyperClock) {
+      HyperClockCacheOptions hc_opts{capacity, estimated_value_size_};
+      if (modify_opts_fn) {
+        modify_opts_fn(hc_opts);
+      }
+      return hc_opts.MakeSharedCache();
+    }
+    assert(false);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> NewCache(
+      size_t capacity, int num_shard_bits, bool strict_capacity_limit,
+      CacheMetadataChargePolicy charge_policy = kDontChargeCacheMetadata) {
+    return NewCache(capacity, [=](ShardedCacheOptions& opts) {
+      opts.num_shard_bits = num_shard_bits;
+      opts.strict_capacity_limit = strict_capacity_limit;
+      opts.metadata_charge_policy = charge_policy;
+    });
+  }
+
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> NewCache(
+      size_t capacity, int num_shard_bits, bool strict_capacity_limit,
+      std::shared_ptr<SecondaryCache> secondary_cache) {
+    return NewCache(capacity, [=](ShardedCacheOptions& opts) {
+      opts.num_shard_bits = num_shard_bits;
+      opts.strict_capacity_limit = strict_capacity_limit;
+      opts.metadata_charge_policy = kDontChargeCacheMetadata;
+      opts.secondary_cache = secondary_cache;
+    });
+  }
+
+  static const Cache::CacheItemHelper* GetHelper(
+      CacheEntryRole r = CacheEntryRole::kDataBlock,
+      bool secondary_compatible = true, bool fail = false);
+
+  static const Cache::CacheItemHelper* GetHelperFail(
+      CacheEntryRole r = CacheEntryRole::kDataBlock);
+};
+
+class WithCacheTypeParam : public WithCacheType,
+                           public testing::WithParamInterface<std::string> {
+  const std::string& Type() override { return GetParam(); }
+};
+
+constexpr auto kLRU = WithCacheType::kLRU;
+constexpr auto kHyperClock = WithCacheType::kHyperClock;
+
+inline auto GetTestingCacheTypes() {
+  return testing::Values(std::string(kLRU), std::string(kHyperClock));
+}
 
 }  // namespace secondary_cache_test_util
-
 }  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

tools/db_crashtest.py

@@ -603,9 +603,6 @@ def finalize_and_sanitize(src_params):
         dest_params["enable_compaction_filter"] = 0
         dest_params["sync"] = 0
         dest_params["write_fault_one_in"] = 0
-    if dest_params["secondary_cache_uri"] != "":
-        # Currently the only cache type compatible with a secondary cache is LRUCache
-        dest_params["cache_type"] = "lru_cache"
     # Remove the following once write-prepared/write-unprepared with/without
     # unordered write supports timestamped snapshots
     if dest_params.get("create_timestamped_snapshot_one_in", 0) > 0:

utilities/simulator_cache/sim_cache.cc

@@ -194,13 +194,20 @@ class SimCacheImpl : public SimCache {
 
   Handle* Lookup(const Slice& key, const CacheItemHelper* helper,
                  CreateContext* create_context,
-                 Priority priority = Priority::LOW, bool wait = true,
+                 Priority priority = Priority::LOW,
                  Statistics* stats = nullptr) override {
     HandleLookup(key, stats);
     if (!target_) {
       return nullptr;
     }
-    return target_->Lookup(key, helper, create_context, priority, wait, stats);
+    return target_->Lookup(key, helper, create_context, priority, stats);
+  }
+
+  void StartAsyncLookup(AsyncLookupHandle& async_handle) override {
+    HandleLookup(async_handle.key, async_handle.stats);
+    if (target_) {
+      target_->StartAsyncLookup(async_handle);
+    }
   }
 
   bool Ref(Handle* handle) override { return target_->Ref(handle); }