rocksdb/db/db_wal_test.cc

//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
//
// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.

#include "db/db_test_util.h"
#include "env/composite_env_wrapper.h"
#include "options/options_helper.h"
#include "port/port.h"
#include "port/stack_trace.h"
#include "test_util/sync_point.h"
#include "utilities/fault_injection_env.h"

namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
class DBWALTestBase : public DBTestBase {
 protected:
  explicit DBWALTestBase(const std::string& dir_name)
      : DBTestBase(dir_name, /*env_do_fsync=*/true) {}

#if defined(ROCKSDB_PLATFORM_POSIX)
 public:
  uint64_t GetAllocatedFileSize(std::string file_name) {
    struct stat sbuf;
    int err = stat(file_name.c_str(), &sbuf);
    assert(err == 0);
    return sbuf.st_blocks * 512;
  }
#endif
};

class DBWALTest : public DBWALTestBase {
 public:
  DBWALTest() : DBWALTestBase("/db_wal_test") {}
};

// A SpecialEnv enriched to give more insight about deleted files
class EnrichedSpecialEnv : public SpecialEnv {
 public:
  explicit EnrichedSpecialEnv(Env* base) : SpecialEnv(base) {}
  Status NewSequentialFile(const std::string& f,
                           std::unique_ptr<SequentialFile>* r,
                           const EnvOptions& soptions) override {
    InstrumentedMutexLock l(&env_mutex_);
    if (f == skipped_wal) {
      deleted_wal_reopened = true;
      if (IsWAL(f) && largetest_deleted_wal.size() != 0 &&
          f.compare(largetest_deleted_wal) <= 0) {
        gap_in_wals = true;
      }
    }
    return SpecialEnv::NewSequentialFile(f, r, soptions);
  }
  Status DeleteFile(const std::string& fname) override {
    if (IsWAL(fname)) {
      deleted_wal_cnt++;
      InstrumentedMutexLock l(&env_mutex_);
      // If this is the first WAL, remember its name and skip deleting it. We
      // remember its name partly because the application might attempt to
      // delete the file again.
      if (skipped_wal.size() != 0 && skipped_wal != fname) {
        if (largetest_deleted_wal.size() == 0 ||
            largetest_deleted_wal.compare(fname) < 0) {
          largetest_deleted_wal = fname;
        }
      } else {
        skipped_wal = fname;
        return Status::OK();
      }
    }
    return SpecialEnv::DeleteFile(fname);
  }
  bool IsWAL(const std::string& fname) {
    // printf("iswal %s\n", fname.c_str());
    return fname.compare(fname.size() - 3, 3, "log") == 0;
  }

  InstrumentedMutex env_mutex_;
  // the wal whose actual delete was skipped by the env
  std::string skipped_wal = "";
  // the largest WAL that was requested to be deleted
  std::string largetest_deleted_wal = "";
  // number of WALs that were successfully deleted
  std::atomic<size_t> deleted_wal_cnt = {0};
  // the WAL whose delete from fs was skipped is reopened during recovery
  std::atomic<bool> deleted_wal_reopened = {false};
  // whether a gap in the WALs was detected during recovery
  std::atomic<bool> gap_in_wals = {false};
};

class DBWALTestWithEnrichedEnv : public DBTestBase {
 public:
  DBWALTestWithEnrichedEnv()
      : DBTestBase("/db_wal_test", /*env_do_fsync=*/true) {
    enriched_env_ = new EnrichedSpecialEnv(env_->target());
    auto options = CurrentOptions();
    options.env = enriched_env_;
    options.allow_2pc = true;
    Reopen(options);
    delete env_;
    // to be deleted by the parent class
    env_ = enriched_env_;
  }

 protected:
  EnrichedSpecialEnv* enriched_env_;
};

// Test that the recovery would successfully avoid the gaps between the logs.
// One known scenario that could cause this is that the application issue the
// WAL deletion out of order. For the sake of simplicity in the test, here we
// create the gap by manipulating the env to skip deletion of the first WAL but
// not the ones after it.
TEST_F(DBWALTestWithEnrichedEnv, SkipDeletedWALs) {
  auto options = last_options_;
  // To cause frequent WAL deletion
  options.write_buffer_size = 128;
  Reopen(options);

  WriteOptions writeOpt = WriteOptions();
  for (int i = 0; i < 128 * 5; i++) {
    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->Put(writeOpt, "foo", "v1"));
  }
  FlushOptions fo;
  fo.wait = true;
  ASSERT_OK(db_->Flush(fo));

  // some wals are deleted
  ASSERT_NE(0, enriched_env_->deleted_wal_cnt);
  // but not the first one
  ASSERT_NE(0, enriched_env_->skipped_wal.size());

  // Test that the WAL that was not deleted will be skipped during recovery
  options = last_options_;
  Reopen(options);
  ASSERT_FALSE(enriched_env_->deleted_wal_reopened);
  ASSERT_FALSE(enriched_env_->gap_in_wals);
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, WAL) {
  do {
    CreateAndReopenWithCF({"pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    WriteOptions writeOpt = WriteOptions();
    writeOpt.disableWAL = true;
    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->Put(writeOpt, handles_[1], "foo", "v1"));
    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->Put(writeOpt, handles_[1], "bar", "v1"));

    ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    ASSERT_EQ("v1", Get(1, "foo"));
    ASSERT_EQ("v1", Get(1, "bar"));

    writeOpt.disableWAL = false;
    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->Put(writeOpt, handles_[1], "bar", "v2"));
    writeOpt.disableWAL = true;
    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->Put(writeOpt, handles_[1], "foo", "v2"));

    ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    // Both value's should be present.
    ASSERT_EQ("v2", Get(1, "bar"));
    ASSERT_EQ("v2", Get(1, "foo"));

    writeOpt.disableWAL = true;
    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->Put(writeOpt, handles_[1], "bar", "v3"));
    writeOpt.disableWAL = false;
    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->Put(writeOpt, handles_[1], "foo", "v3"));

    ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    // again both values should be present.
    ASSERT_EQ("v3", Get(1, "foo"));
    ASSERT_EQ("v3", Get(1, "bar"));
  } while (ChangeWalOptions());
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, RollLog) {
  do {
    CreateAndReopenWithCF({"pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "foo", "v1"));
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "baz", "v5"));

    ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
      ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    }
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "foo", "v4"));
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
      ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    }
  } while (ChangeWalOptions());
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, SyncWALNotBlockWrite) {
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.max_write_buffer_number = 4;
  DestroyAndReopen(options);

  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo1", "bar1"));
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo5", "bar5"));

  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency({
      {"WritableFileWriter::SyncWithoutFlush:1",
       "DBWALTest::SyncWALNotBlockWrite:1"},
      {"DBWALTest::SyncWALNotBlockWrite:2",
       "WritableFileWriter::SyncWithoutFlush:2"},
  });
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();

  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::port::Thread thread([&]() { ASSERT_OK(db_->SyncWAL()); });

  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBWALTest::SyncWALNotBlockWrite:1");
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo2", "bar2"));
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo3", "bar3"));
  FlushOptions fo;
  fo.wait = false;
  ASSERT_OK(db_->Flush(fo));
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo4", "bar4"));

  TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBWALTest::SyncWALNotBlockWrite:2");

  thread.join();

  ASSERT_EQ(Get("foo1"), "bar1");
  ASSERT_EQ(Get("foo2"), "bar2");
  ASSERT_EQ(Get("foo3"), "bar3");
  ASSERT_EQ(Get("foo4"), "bar4");
  ASSERT_EQ(Get("foo5"), "bar5");
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, SyncWALNotWaitWrite) {
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo1", "bar1"));
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo3", "bar3"));

  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency({
      {"SpecialEnv::WalFile::Append:1", "DBWALTest::SyncWALNotWaitWrite:1"},
      {"DBWALTest::SyncWALNotWaitWrite:2", "SpecialEnv::WalFile::Append:2"},
  });
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();

  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::port::Thread thread(
      [&]() { ASSERT_OK(Put("foo2", "bar2")); });
  // Moving this to SyncWAL before the actual fsync
  // TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBWALTest::SyncWALNotWaitWrite:1");
  ASSERT_OK(db_->SyncWAL());
  // Moving this to SyncWAL after actual fsync
  // TEST_SYNC_POINT("DBWALTest::SyncWALNotWaitWrite:2");

  thread.join();

  ASSERT_EQ(Get("foo1"), "bar1");
  ASSERT_EQ(Get("foo2"), "bar2");
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, Recover) {
  do {
    CreateAndReopenWithCF({"pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "foo", "v1"));
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "baz", "v5"));

    ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    ASSERT_EQ("v1", Get(1, "foo"));

    ASSERT_EQ("v1", Get(1, "foo"));
    ASSERT_EQ("v5", Get(1, "baz"));
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "bar", "v2"));
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "foo", "v3"));

    ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    ASSERT_EQ("v3", Get(1, "foo"));
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "foo", "v4"));
    ASSERT_EQ("v4", Get(1, "foo"));
    ASSERT_EQ("v2", Get(1, "bar"));
    ASSERT_EQ("v5", Get(1, "baz"));
  } while (ChangeWalOptions());
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, RecoverWithTableHandle) {
  do {
    Options options = CurrentOptions();
    options.create_if_missing = true;
    options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
    options.avoid_flush_during_recovery = false;
    DestroyAndReopen(options);
    CreateAndReopenWithCF({"pikachu"}, options);

    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "foo", "v1"));
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "bar", "v2"));
    ASSERT_OK(Flush(1));
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "foo", "v3"));
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "bar", "v4"));
    ASSERT_OK(Flush(1));
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "big", std::string(100, 'a')));

    options = CurrentOptions();
    const int kSmallMaxOpenFiles = 13;
    if (option_config_ == kDBLogDir) {
      // Use this option to check not preloading files
      // Set the max open files to be small enough so no preload will
      // happen.
      options.max_open_files = kSmallMaxOpenFiles;
      // RocksDB sanitize max open files to at least 20. Modify it back.
      ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
          "SanitizeOptions::AfterChangeMaxOpenFiles", [&](void* arg) {
            int* max_open_files = static_cast<int*>(arg);
            *max_open_files = kSmallMaxOpenFiles;
          });

    } else if (option_config_ == kWalDirAndMmapReads) {
      // Use this option to check always loading all files.
      options.max_open_files = 100;
    } else {
      options.max_open_files = -1;
    }
    ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
    ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu"}, options);
    ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
    ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();

    std::vector<std::vector<FileMetaData>> files;
    dbfull()->TEST_GetFilesMetaData(handles_[1], &files);
    size_t total_files = 0;
    for (const auto& level : files) {
      total_files += level.size();
    }
    ASSERT_EQ(total_files, 3);
    for (const auto& level : files) {
      for (const auto& file : level) {
        if (options.max_open_files == kSmallMaxOpenFiles) {
          ASSERT_TRUE(file.table_reader_handle == nullptr);
        } else {
          ASSERT_TRUE(file.table_reader_handle != nullptr);
        }
      }
    }
  } while (ChangeWalOptions());
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, RecoverWithBlob) {
  // Write a value that's below the prospective size limit for blobs and another
  // one that's above. Note that blob files are not actually enabled at this
  // point.
  constexpr uint64_t min_blob_size = 10;

  constexpr char short_value[] = "short";
  static_assert(sizeof(short_value) - 1 < min_blob_size,
                "short_value too long");

  constexpr char long_value[] = "long_value";
  static_assert(sizeof(long_value) - 1 >= min_blob_size,
                "long_value too short");

  ASSERT_OK(Put("key1", short_value));
  ASSERT_OK(Put("key2", long_value));

  // There should be no files just yet since we haven't flushed.
  {
    VersionSet* const versions = dbfull()->TEST_GetVersionSet();
    assert(versions);

    ColumnFamilyData* const cfd = versions->GetColumnFamilySet()->GetDefault();
    assert(cfd);

    Version* const current = cfd->current();
    assert(current);

    const VersionStorageInfo* const storage_info = current->storage_info();
    assert(storage_info);

    ASSERT_EQ(storage_info->num_non_empty_levels(), 0);
    ASSERT_TRUE(storage_info->GetBlobFiles().empty());
  }

  // Reopen the database with blob files enabled. A new table file/blob file
  // pair should be written during recovery.
  Options options;
  options.enable_blob_files = true;
  options.min_blob_size = min_blob_size;
  options.avoid_flush_during_recovery = false;
  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;

  Reopen(options);

  ASSERT_EQ(Get("key1"), short_value);

  // TODO: enable once Get support is implemented for blobs
  // ASSERT_EQ(Get("key2"), long_value);

  VersionSet* const versions = dbfull()->TEST_GetVersionSet();
  assert(versions);

  ColumnFamilyData* const cfd = versions->GetColumnFamilySet()->GetDefault();
  assert(cfd);

  Version* const current = cfd->current();
  assert(current);

  const VersionStorageInfo* const storage_info = current->storage_info();
  assert(storage_info);

  const auto& l0_files = storage_info->LevelFiles(0);
  ASSERT_EQ(l0_files.size(), 1);

  const FileMetaData* const table_file = l0_files[0];
  assert(table_file);

  const auto& blob_files = storage_info->GetBlobFiles();
  ASSERT_EQ(blob_files.size(), 1);

  const auto& blob_file = blob_files.begin()->second;
  assert(blob_file);

  ASSERT_EQ(table_file->smallest.user_key(), "key1");
  ASSERT_EQ(table_file->largest.user_key(), "key2");
  ASSERT_EQ(table_file->fd.smallest_seqno, 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(table_file->fd.largest_seqno, 2);
  ASSERT_EQ(table_file->oldest_blob_file_number,
            blob_file->GetBlobFileNumber());

  ASSERT_EQ(blob_file->GetTotalBlobCount(), 1);

#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
  const InternalStats* const internal_stats = cfd->internal_stats();
  assert(internal_stats);

  const uint64_t expected_bytes =
      table_file->fd.GetFileSize() + blob_file->GetTotalBlobBytes();

  const auto& compaction_stats = internal_stats->TEST_GetCompactionStats();
  ASSERT_FALSE(compaction_stats.empty());
  ASSERT_EQ(compaction_stats[0].bytes_written, expected_bytes);
  ASSERT_EQ(compaction_stats[0].num_output_files, 2);

  const uint64_t* const cf_stats_value = internal_stats->TEST_GetCFStatsValue();
  ASSERT_EQ(cf_stats_value[InternalStats::BYTES_FLUSHED], expected_bytes);
#endif  // ROCKSDB_LITE
}

class DBRecoveryTestBlobError
    : public DBWALTest,
      public testing::WithParamInterface<std::string> {
 public:
  DBRecoveryTestBlobError() : fault_injection_env_(env_) {}
  ~DBRecoveryTestBlobError() { Close(); }

  FaultInjectionTestEnv fault_injection_env_;
};

INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(DBRecoveryTestBlobError, DBRecoveryTestBlobError,
                        ::testing::ValuesIn(std::vector<std::string>{
                            "BlobFileBuilder::WriteBlobToFile:AddRecord",
                            "BlobFileBuilder::WriteBlobToFile:AppendFooter"}));

TEST_P(DBRecoveryTestBlobError, RecoverWithBlobError) {
  // Write a value. Note that blob files are not actually enabled at this point.
  ASSERT_OK(Put("key", "blob"));

  // Reopen with blob files enabled but make blob file writing fail during
  // recovery.
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(GetParam(), [this](void* /* arg */) {
    fault_injection_env_.SetFilesystemActive(false, Status::IOError());
  });
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
      "BuildTable:BeforeFinishBuildTable", [this](void* /* arg */) {
        fault_injection_env_.SetFilesystemActive(true);
      });
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();

  Options options;
  options.enable_blob_files = true;
  options.avoid_flush_during_recovery = false;
  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
  options.env = &fault_injection_env_;

  ASSERT_NOK(TryReopen(options));

  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
  SyncPoint::GetInstance()->ClearAllCallBacks();

  // Make sure the files generated by the failed recovery have been deleted.
  std::vector<std::string> files;
  ASSERT_OK(env_->GetChildren(dbname_, &files));
  for (const auto& file : files) {
    uint64_t number = 0;
    FileType type = kTableFile;

    if (!ParseFileName(file, &number, &type)) {
      continue;
    }

    ASSERT_NE(type, kTableFile);
    ASSERT_NE(type, kBlobFile);
  }
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, IgnoreRecoveredLog) {
  std::string backup_logs = dbname_ + "/backup_logs";

  do {
    // delete old files in backup_logs directory
    env_->CreateDirIfMissing(backup_logs);
    std::vector<std::string> old_files;
    env_->GetChildren(backup_logs, &old_files);
    for (auto& file : old_files) {
      if (file != "." && file != "..") {
        env_->DeleteFile(backup_logs + "/" + file);
      }
    }
    Options options = CurrentOptions();
    options.create_if_missing = true;
    options.merge_operator = MergeOperators::CreateUInt64AddOperator();
    options.wal_dir = dbname_ + "/logs";
    DestroyAndReopen(options);

    // fill up the DB
    std::string one, two;
    PutFixed64(&one, 1);
    PutFixed64(&two, 2);
    ASSERT_OK(db_->Merge(WriteOptions(), Slice("foo"), Slice(one)));
    ASSERT_OK(db_->Merge(WriteOptions(), Slice("foo"), Slice(one)));
    ASSERT_OK(db_->Merge(WriteOptions(), Slice("bar"), Slice(one)));

    // copy the logs to backup
    std::vector<std::string> logs;
    env_->GetChildren(options.wal_dir, &logs);
    for (auto& log : logs) {
      if (log != ".." && log != ".") {
        CopyFile(options.wal_dir + "/" + log, backup_logs + "/" + log);
      }
    }

    // recover the DB
    Reopen(options);
    ASSERT_EQ(two, Get("foo"));
    ASSERT_EQ(one, Get("bar"));
    Close();

    // copy the logs from backup back to wal dir
    for (auto& log : logs) {
      if (log != ".." && log != ".") {
        CopyFile(backup_logs + "/" + log, options.wal_dir + "/" + log);
      }
    }
    // this should ignore the log files, recovery should not happen again
    // if the recovery happens, the same merge operator would be called twice,
    // leading to incorrect results
    Reopen(options);
    ASSERT_EQ(two, Get("foo"));
    ASSERT_EQ(one, Get("bar"));
    Close();
    Destroy(options);
    Reopen(options);
    Close();

    // copy the logs from backup back to wal dir
    env_->CreateDirIfMissing(options.wal_dir);
    for (auto& log : logs) {
      if (log != ".." && log != ".") {
        CopyFile(backup_logs + "/" + log, options.wal_dir + "/" + log);
      }
    }
    // assert that we successfully recovered only from logs, even though we
    // destroyed the DB
    Reopen(options);
    ASSERT_EQ(two, Get("foo"));
    ASSERT_EQ(one, Get("bar"));

    // Recovery will fail if DB directory doesn't exist.
    Destroy(options);
    // copy the logs from backup back to wal dir
    env_->CreateDirIfMissing(options.wal_dir);
    for (auto& log : logs) {
      if (log != ".." && log != ".") {
        CopyFile(backup_logs + "/" + log, options.wal_dir + "/" + log);
        // we won't be needing this file no more
        env_->DeleteFile(backup_logs + "/" + log);
      }
    }
    Status s = TryReopen(options);
    ASSERT_TRUE(!s.ok());
    Destroy(options);
  } while (ChangeWalOptions());
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, RecoveryWithEmptyLog) {
  do {
    CreateAndReopenWithCF({"pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "foo", "v1"));
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "foo", "v2"));
    ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "foo", "v3"));
    ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    ASSERT_EQ("v3", Get(1, "foo"));
  } while (ChangeWalOptions());
}

#if !(defined NDEBUG) || !defined(OS_WIN)
TEST_F(DBWALTest, PreallocateBlock) {
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.write_buffer_size = 10 * 1000 * 1000;
  options.max_total_wal_size = 0;

  size_t expected_preallocation_size = static_cast<size_t>(
      options.write_buffer_size + options.write_buffer_size / 10);

  DestroyAndReopen(options);

  std::atomic<int> called(0);
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
      "DBTestWalFile.GetPreallocationStatus", [&](void* arg) {
        ASSERT_TRUE(arg != nullptr);
        size_t preallocation_size = *(static_cast<size_t*>(arg));
        ASSERT_EQ(expected_preallocation_size, preallocation_size);
        called.fetch_add(1);
      });
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
  Put("", "");
  Flush();
  Put("", "");
  Close();
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
  ASSERT_EQ(2, called.load());

  options.max_total_wal_size = 1000 * 1000;
  expected_preallocation_size = static_cast<size_t>(options.max_total_wal_size);
  Reopen(options);
  called.store(0);
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
      "DBTestWalFile.GetPreallocationStatus", [&](void* arg) {
        ASSERT_TRUE(arg != nullptr);
        size_t preallocation_size = *(static_cast<size_t*>(arg));
        ASSERT_EQ(expected_preallocation_size, preallocation_size);
        called.fetch_add(1);
      });
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
  Put("", "");
  Flush();
  Put("", "");
  Close();
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
  ASSERT_EQ(2, called.load());

  options.db_write_buffer_size = 800 * 1000;
  expected_preallocation_size =
      static_cast<size_t>(options.db_write_buffer_size);
  Reopen(options);
  called.store(0);
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
      "DBTestWalFile.GetPreallocationStatus", [&](void* arg) {
        ASSERT_TRUE(arg != nullptr);
        size_t preallocation_size = *(static_cast<size_t*>(arg));
        ASSERT_EQ(expected_preallocation_size, preallocation_size);
        called.fetch_add(1);
      });
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
  Put("", "");
  Flush();
  Put("", "");
  Close();
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
  ASSERT_EQ(2, called.load());

  expected_preallocation_size = 700 * 1000;
  std::shared_ptr<WriteBufferManager> write_buffer_manager =
      std::make_shared<WriteBufferManager>(static_cast<uint64_t>(700 * 1000));
  options.write_buffer_manager = write_buffer_manager;
  Reopen(options);
  called.store(0);
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->SetCallBack(
      "DBTestWalFile.GetPreallocationStatus", [&](void* arg) {
        ASSERT_TRUE(arg != nullptr);
        size_t preallocation_size = *(static_cast<size_t*>(arg));
        ASSERT_EQ(expected_preallocation_size, preallocation_size);
        called.fetch_add(1);
      });
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
  Put("", "");
  Flush();
  Put("", "");
  Close();
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->DisableProcessing();
  ASSERT_EQ(2, called.load());
}
#endif  // !(defined NDEBUG) || !defined(OS_WIN)

#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
TEST_F(DBWALTest, DISABLED_FullPurgePreservesRecycledLog) {
  // TODO(ajkr): Disabled until WAL recycling is fixed for
  // `kPointInTimeRecovery`.

  // For github issue #1303
  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
    Options options = CurrentOptions();
    options.create_if_missing = true;
    options.recycle_log_file_num = 2;
    if (i != 0) {
      options.wal_dir = alternative_wal_dir_;
    }

    DestroyAndReopen(options);
    ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "v1"));
    VectorLogPtr log_files;
    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->GetSortedWalFiles(log_files));
    ASSERT_GT(log_files.size(), 0);
    ASSERT_OK(Flush());

    // Now the original WAL is in log_files[0] and should be marked for
    // recycling.
    // Verify full purge cannot remove this file.
    JobContext job_context(0);
    dbfull()->TEST_LockMutex();
    dbfull()->FindObsoleteFiles(&job_context, true /* force */);
    dbfull()->TEST_UnlockMutex();
    dbfull()->PurgeObsoleteFiles(job_context);

    if (i == 0) {
      ASSERT_OK(
          env_->FileExists(LogFileName(dbname_, log_files[0]->LogNumber())));
    } else {
      ASSERT_OK(env_->FileExists(
          LogFileName(alternative_wal_dir_, log_files[0]->LogNumber())));
    }
  }
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, DISABLED_FullPurgePreservesLogPendingReuse) {
  // TODO(ajkr): Disabled until WAL recycling is fixed for
  // `kPointInTimeRecovery`.

  // Ensures full purge cannot delete a WAL while it's in the process of being
  // recycled. In particular, we force the full purge after a file has been
  // chosen for reuse, but before it has been renamed.
  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
    Options options = CurrentOptions();
    options.recycle_log_file_num = 1;
    if (i != 0) {
      options.wal_dir = alternative_wal_dir_;
    }
    DestroyAndReopen(options);

    // The first flush creates a second log so writes can continue before the
    // flush finishes.
    ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "bar"));
    ASSERT_OK(Flush());

    // The second flush can recycle the first log. Sync points enforce the
    // full purge happens after choosing the log to recycle and before it is
    // renamed.
    ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->LoadDependency({
        {"DBImpl::CreateWAL:BeforeReuseWritableFile1",
         "DBWALTest::FullPurgePreservesLogPendingReuse:PreFullPurge"},
        {"DBWALTest::FullPurgePreservesLogPendingReuse:PostFullPurge",
         "DBImpl::CreateWAL:BeforeReuseWritableFile2"},
    });
    ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SyncPoint::GetInstance()->EnableProcessing();
    ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::port::Thread thread([&]() {
      TEST_SYNC_POINT(
          "DBWALTest::FullPurgePreservesLogPendingReuse:PreFullPurge");
      ASSERT_OK(db_->EnableFileDeletions(true));
      TEST_SYNC_POINT(
          "DBWALTest::FullPurgePreservesLogPendingReuse:PostFullPurge");
    });
    ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "bar"));
    ASSERT_OK(Flush());
    thread.join();
  }
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, GetSortedWalFiles) {
  do {
    CreateAndReopenWithCF({"pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    VectorLogPtr log_files;
    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->GetSortedWalFiles(log_files));
    ASSERT_EQ(0, log_files.size());

    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "foo", "v1"));
    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->GetSortedWalFiles(log_files));
    ASSERT_EQ(1, log_files.size());
  } while (ChangeWalOptions());
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, GetCurrentWalFile) {
  do {
    CreateAndReopenWithCF({"pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());

    std::unique_ptr<LogFile>* bad_log_file = nullptr;
    ASSERT_NOK(dbfull()->GetCurrentWalFile(bad_log_file));

    std::unique_ptr<LogFile> log_file;
    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->GetCurrentWalFile(&log_file));

    // nothing has been written to the log yet
    ASSERT_EQ(log_file->StartSequence(), 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(log_file->SizeFileBytes(), 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(log_file->Type(), kAliveLogFile);
    ASSERT_GT(log_file->LogNumber(), 0);

    // add some data and verify that the file size actually moves foward
    ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", "v1"));
    ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo2", "v2"));
    ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo3", "v3"));

    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->GetCurrentWalFile(&log_file));

    ASSERT_EQ(log_file->StartSequence(), 0);
    ASSERT_GT(log_file->SizeFileBytes(), 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(log_file->Type(), kAliveLogFile);
    ASSERT_GT(log_file->LogNumber(), 0);

    // force log files to cycle and add some more data, then check if
    // log number moves forward

    ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
      ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    }

    ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo4", "v4"));
    ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo5", "v5"));
    ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo6", "v6"));

    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->GetCurrentWalFile(&log_file));

    ASSERT_EQ(log_file->StartSequence(), 0);
    ASSERT_GT(log_file->SizeFileBytes(), 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(log_file->Type(), kAliveLogFile);
    ASSERT_GT(log_file->LogNumber(), 0);

  } while (ChangeWalOptions());
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, RecoveryWithLogDataForSomeCFs) {
  // Test for regression of WAL cleanup missing files that don't contain data
  // for every column family.
  do {
    CreateAndReopenWithCF({"pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "foo", "v1"));
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "foo", "v2"));
    uint64_t earliest_log_nums[2];
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
      if (i > 0) {
        ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu"}, CurrentOptions());
      }
      VectorLogPtr log_files;
      ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->GetSortedWalFiles(log_files));
      if (log_files.size() > 0) {
        earliest_log_nums[i] = log_files[0]->LogNumber();
      } else {
        earliest_log_nums[i] = port::kMaxUint64;
      }
    }
    // Check at least the first WAL was cleaned up during the recovery.
    ASSERT_LT(earliest_log_nums[0], earliest_log_nums[1]);
  } while (ChangeWalOptions());
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, RecoverWithLargeLog) {
  do {
    {
      Options options = CurrentOptions();
      CreateAndReopenWithCF({"pikachu"}, options);
      ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "big1", std::string(200000, '1')));
      ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "big2", std::string(200000, '2')));
      ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "small3", std::string(10, '3')));
      ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "small4", std::string(10, '4')));
      ASSERT_EQ(NumTableFilesAtLevel(0, 1), 0);
    }

    // Make sure that if we re-open with a small write buffer size that
    // we flush table files in the middle of a large log file.
    Options options;
    options.write_buffer_size = 100000;
    options = CurrentOptions(options);
    ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu"}, options);
    ASSERT_EQ(NumTableFilesAtLevel(0, 1), 3);
    ASSERT_EQ(std::string(200000, '1'), Get(1, "big1"));
    ASSERT_EQ(std::string(200000, '2'), Get(1, "big2"));
    ASSERT_EQ(std::string(10, '3'), Get(1, "small3"));
    ASSERT_EQ(std::string(10, '4'), Get(1, "small4"));
    ASSERT_GT(NumTableFilesAtLevel(0, 1), 1);
  } while (ChangeWalOptions());
}

// In https://reviews.facebook.net/D20661 we change
// recovery behavior: previously for each log file each column family
// memtable was flushed, even it was empty. Now it's changed:
// we try to create the smallest number of table files by merging
// updates from multiple logs
TEST_F(DBWALTest, RecoverCheckFileAmountWithSmallWriteBuffer) {
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.write_buffer_size = 5000000;
  CreateAndReopenWithCF({"pikachu", "dobrynia", "nikitich"}, options);

  // Since we will reopen DB with smaller write_buffer_size,
  // each key will go to new SST file
  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, Key(10), DummyString(1000000)));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, Key(10), DummyString(1000000)));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, Key(10), DummyString(1000000)));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, Key(10), DummyString(1000000)));

  ASSERT_OK(Put(3, Key(10), DummyString(1)));
  // Make 'dobrynia' to be flushed and new WAL file to be created
  ASSERT_OK(Put(2, Key(10), DummyString(7500000)));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(2, Key(1), DummyString(1)));
  dbfull()->TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable(handles_[2]);
  {
    auto tables = ListTableFiles(env_, dbname_);
    ASSERT_EQ(tables.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
    // Make sure 'dobrynia' was flushed: check sst files amount
    ASSERT_EQ(GetNumberOfSstFilesForColumnFamily(db_, "dobrynia"),
              static_cast<uint64_t>(1));
  }
  // New WAL file
  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, Key(1), DummyString(1)));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, Key(1), DummyString(1)));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(3, Key(10), DummyString(1)));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(3, Key(10), DummyString(1)));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(3, Key(10), DummyString(1)));

  options.write_buffer_size = 4096;
  options.arena_block_size = 4096;
  ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu", "dobrynia", "nikitich"},
                           options);
  {
    // No inserts => default is empty
    ASSERT_EQ(GetNumberOfSstFilesForColumnFamily(db_, "default"),
              static_cast<uint64_t>(0));
    // First 4 keys goes to separate SSTs + 1 more SST for 2 smaller keys
    ASSERT_EQ(GetNumberOfSstFilesForColumnFamily(db_, "pikachu"),
              static_cast<uint64_t>(5));
    // 1 SST for big key + 1 SST for small one
    ASSERT_EQ(GetNumberOfSstFilesForColumnFamily(db_, "dobrynia"),
              static_cast<uint64_t>(2));
    // 1 SST for all keys
    ASSERT_EQ(GetNumberOfSstFilesForColumnFamily(db_, "nikitich"),
              static_cast<uint64_t>(1));
  }
}

// In https://reviews.facebook.net/D20661 we change
// recovery behavior: previously for each log file each column family
// memtable was flushed, even it wasn't empty. Now it's changed:
// we try to create the smallest number of table files by merging
// updates from multiple logs
TEST_F(DBWALTest, RecoverCheckFileAmount) {
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.write_buffer_size = 100000;
  options.arena_block_size = 4 * 1024;
  options.avoid_flush_during_recovery = false;
  CreateAndReopenWithCF({"pikachu", "dobrynia", "nikitich"}, options);

  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, Key(1), DummyString(1)));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, Key(1), DummyString(1)));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(2, Key(1), DummyString(1)));

  // Make 'nikitich' memtable to be flushed
  ASSERT_OK(Put(3, Key(10), DummyString(1002400)));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(3, Key(1), DummyString(1)));
  dbfull()->TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable(handles_[3]);
  // 4 memtable are not flushed, 1 sst file
  {
    auto tables = ListTableFiles(env_, dbname_);
    ASSERT_EQ(tables.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
    ASSERT_EQ(GetNumberOfSstFilesForColumnFamily(db_, "nikitich"),
              static_cast<uint64_t>(1));
  }
  // Memtable for 'nikitich' has flushed, new WAL file has opened
  // 4 memtable still not flushed

  // Write to new WAL file
  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, Key(1), DummyString(1)));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, Key(1), DummyString(1)));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(2, Key(1), DummyString(1)));

  // Fill up 'nikitich' one more time
  ASSERT_OK(Put(3, Key(10), DummyString(1002400)));
  // make it flush
  ASSERT_OK(Put(3, Key(1), DummyString(1)));
  dbfull()->TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable(handles_[3]);
  // There are still 4 memtable not flushed, and 2 sst tables
  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, Key(1), DummyString(1)));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, Key(1), DummyString(1)));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(2, Key(1), DummyString(1)));

  {
    auto tables = ListTableFiles(env_, dbname_);
    ASSERT_EQ(tables.size(), static_cast<size_t>(2));
    ASSERT_EQ(GetNumberOfSstFilesForColumnFamily(db_, "nikitich"),
              static_cast<uint64_t>(2));
  }

  ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu", "dobrynia", "nikitich"},
                           options);
  {
    std::vector<uint64_t> table_files = ListTableFiles(env_, dbname_);
    // Check, that records for 'default', 'dobrynia' and 'pikachu' from
    // first, second and third WALs  went to the same SST.
    // So, there is 6 SSTs: three  for 'nikitich', one for 'default', one for
    // 'dobrynia', one for 'pikachu'
    ASSERT_EQ(GetNumberOfSstFilesForColumnFamily(db_, "default"),
              static_cast<uint64_t>(1));
    ASSERT_EQ(GetNumberOfSstFilesForColumnFamily(db_, "nikitich"),
              static_cast<uint64_t>(3));
    ASSERT_EQ(GetNumberOfSstFilesForColumnFamily(db_, "dobrynia"),
              static_cast<uint64_t>(1));
    ASSERT_EQ(GetNumberOfSstFilesForColumnFamily(db_, "pikachu"),
              static_cast<uint64_t>(1));
  }
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, SyncMultipleLogs) {
  const uint64_t kNumBatches = 2;
  const int kBatchSize = 1000;

  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.create_if_missing = true;
  options.write_buffer_size = 4096;
  Reopen(options);

  WriteBatch batch;
  WriteOptions wo;
  wo.sync = true;

  for (uint64_t b = 0; b < kNumBatches; b++) {
    batch.Clear();
    for (int i = 0; i < kBatchSize; i++) {
      batch.Put(Key(i), DummyString(128));
    }

    dbfull()->Write(wo, &batch);
  }

  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->SyncWAL());
}

// Github issue 1339. Prior the fix we read sequence id from the first log to
// a local variable, then keep increase the variable as we replay logs,
// ignoring actual sequence id of the records. This is incorrect if some writes
// come with WAL disabled.
TEST_F(DBWALTest, PartOfWritesWithWALDisabled) {
  std::unique_ptr<FaultInjectionTestEnv> fault_env(
      new FaultInjectionTestEnv(env_));
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.env = fault_env.get();
  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
  WriteOptions wal_on, wal_off;
  wal_on.sync = true;
  wal_on.disableWAL = false;
  wal_off.disableWAL = true;
  CreateAndReopenWithCF({"dummy"}, options);
  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "dummy", "d1", wal_on));  // seq id 1
  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "dummy", "d2", wal_off));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "dummy", "d3", wal_off));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "key", "v4", wal_on));  // seq id 4
  ASSERT_OK(Flush(0));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "key", "v5", wal_on));  // seq id 5
  ASSERT_EQ("v5", Get(0, "key"));
  dbfull()->FlushWAL(false);
  // Simulate a crash.
  fault_env->SetFilesystemActive(false);
  Close();
  fault_env->ResetState();
  ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "dummy"}, options);
  // Prior to the fix, we may incorrectly recover "v5" with sequence id = 3.
  ASSERT_EQ("v5", Get(0, "key"));
  // Destroy DB before destruct fault_env.
  Destroy(options);
}

//
// Test WAL recovery for the various modes available
//
class RecoveryTestHelper {
 public:
  // Number of WAL files to generate
  static constexpr int kWALFilesCount = 10;
  // Starting number for the WAL file name like 00010.log
  static constexpr int kWALFileOffset = 10;
  // Keys to be written per WAL file
  static constexpr int kKeysPerWALFile = 133;
  // Size of the value
  static constexpr int kValueSize = 96;

  // Create WAL files with values filled in
  static void FillData(DBWALTestBase* test, const Options& options,
                       const size_t wal_count, size_t* count) {
    // Calling internal functions requires sanitized options.
    Options sanitized_options = SanitizeOptions(test->dbname_, options);
    const ImmutableDBOptions db_options(sanitized_options);

    *count = 0;

    std::shared_ptr<Cache> table_cache = NewLRUCache(50, 0);
    EnvOptions env_options;
    WriteBufferManager write_buffer_manager(db_options.db_write_buffer_size);

    std::unique_ptr<VersionSet> versions;
    std::unique_ptr<WalManager> wal_manager;
    WriteController write_controller;

    versions.reset(new VersionSet(
        test->dbname_, &db_options, env_options, table_cache.get(),
        &write_buffer_manager, &write_controller,
        /*block_cache_tracer=*/nullptr, /*io_tracer=*/nullptr));

    wal_manager.reset(
        new WalManager(db_options, env_options, /*io_tracer=*/nullptr));

    std::unique_ptr<log::Writer> current_log_writer;

    for (size_t j = kWALFileOffset; j < wal_count + kWALFileOffset; j++) {
      uint64_t current_log_number = j;
      std::string fname = LogFileName(test->dbname_, current_log_number);
      std::unique_ptr<WritableFile> file;
      ASSERT_OK(db_options.env->NewWritableFile(fname, &file, env_options));
      std::unique_ptr<WritableFileWriter> file_writer(new WritableFileWriter(
          NewLegacyWritableFileWrapper(std::move(file)), fname, env_options));
      current_log_writer.reset(
          new log::Writer(std::move(file_writer), current_log_number,
                          db_options.recycle_log_file_num > 0));

      WriteBatch batch;
      for (int i = 0; i < kKeysPerWALFile; i++) {
        std::string key = "key" + ToString((*count)++);
        std::string value = test->DummyString(kValueSize);
        assert(current_log_writer.get() != nullptr);
        uint64_t seq = versions->LastSequence() + 1;
        batch.Clear();
        batch.Put(key, value);
        WriteBatchInternal::SetSequence(&batch, seq);
        current_log_writer->AddRecord(WriteBatchInternal::Contents(&batch));
        versions->SetLastAllocatedSequence(seq);
        versions->SetLastPublishedSequence(seq);
        versions->SetLastSequence(seq);
      }
    }
  }

  // Recreate and fill the store with some data
  static size_t FillData(DBWALTestBase* test, Options* options) {
    options->create_if_missing = true;
    test->DestroyAndReopen(*options);
    test->Close();

    size_t count = 0;
    FillData(test, *options, kWALFilesCount, &count);
    return count;
  }

  // Read back all the keys we wrote and return the number of keys found
  static size_t GetData(DBWALTestBase* test) {
    size_t count = 0;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < kWALFilesCount * kKeysPerWALFile; i++) {
      if (test->Get("key" + ToString(i)) != "NOT_FOUND") {
        ++count;
      }
    }
    return count;
  }

  // Manuall corrupt the specified WAL
  static void CorruptWAL(DBWALTestBase* test, const Options& options,
                         const double off, const double len,
                         const int wal_file_id, const bool trunc = false) {
    Env* env = options.env;
    std::string fname = LogFileName(test->dbname_, wal_file_id);
    uint64_t size;
    ASSERT_OK(env->GetFileSize(fname, &size));
    ASSERT_GT(size, 0);
#ifdef OS_WIN
    // Windows disk cache behaves differently. When we truncate
    // the original content is still in the cache due to the original
    // handle is still open. Generally, in Windows, one prohibits
    // shared access to files and it is not needed for WAL but we allow
    // it to induce corruption at various tests.
    test->Close();
#endif
    if (trunc) {
      ASSERT_EQ(0, truncate(fname.c_str(), static_cast<int64_t>(size * off)));
    } else {
      InduceCorruption(fname, static_cast<size_t>(size * off + 8),
                       static_cast<size_t>(size * len));
    }
  }

  // Overwrite data with 'a' from offset for length len
  static void InduceCorruption(const std::string& filename, size_t offset,
                               size_t len) {
    ASSERT_GT(len, 0U);

    int fd = open(filename.c_str(), O_RDWR);

    // On windows long is 32-bit
    ASSERT_LE(offset, std::numeric_limits<long>::max());

    ASSERT_GT(fd, 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(offset, lseek(fd, static_cast<long>(offset), SEEK_SET));

    void* buf = alloca(len);
    memset(buf, 'b', len);
    ASSERT_EQ(len, write(fd, buf, static_cast<unsigned int>(len)));

    close(fd);
  }
};

class DBWALTestWithParams
    : public DBWALTestBase,
      public ::testing::WithParamInterface<std::tuple<bool, int, int>> {
 public:
  DBWALTestWithParams() : DBWALTestBase("/db_wal_test_with_params") {}
};

INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
    Wal, DBWALTestWithParams,
    ::testing::Combine(::testing::Bool(), ::testing::Range(0, 4, 1),
                       ::testing::Range(RecoveryTestHelper::kWALFileOffset,
                                        RecoveryTestHelper::kWALFileOffset +
                                            RecoveryTestHelper::kWALFilesCount,
                                        1)));

class DBWALTestWithParamsVaryingRecoveryMode
    : public DBWALTestBase,
      public ::testing::WithParamInterface<
          std::tuple<bool, int, int, WALRecoveryMode>> {
 public:
  DBWALTestWithParamsVaryingRecoveryMode()
      : DBWALTestBase("/db_wal_test_with_params_mode") {}
};

INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
    Wal, DBWALTestWithParamsVaryingRecoveryMode,
    ::testing::Combine(
        ::testing::Bool(), ::testing::Range(0, 4, 1),
        ::testing::Range(RecoveryTestHelper::kWALFileOffset,
                         RecoveryTestHelper::kWALFileOffset +
                             RecoveryTestHelper::kWALFilesCount,
                         1),
        ::testing::Values(WALRecoveryMode::kTolerateCorruptedTailRecords,
                          WALRecoveryMode::kAbsoluteConsistency,
                          WALRecoveryMode::kPointInTimeRecovery,
                          WALRecoveryMode::kSkipAnyCorruptedRecords)));

// Test scope:
// - We expect to open the data store when there is incomplete trailing writes
// at the end of any of the logs
// - We do not expect to open the data store for corruption
TEST_P(DBWALTestWithParams, kTolerateCorruptedTailRecords) {
  bool trunc = std::get<0>(GetParam());  // Corruption style
  // Corruption offset position
  int corrupt_offset = std::get<1>(GetParam());
  int wal_file_id = std::get<2>(GetParam());  // WAL file

  // Fill data for testing
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  const size_t row_count = RecoveryTestHelper::FillData(this, &options);
  // test checksum failure or parsing
  RecoveryTestHelper::CorruptWAL(this, options, corrupt_offset * .3,
                                 /*len%=*/.1, wal_file_id, trunc);

  options.wal_recovery_mode = WALRecoveryMode::kTolerateCorruptedTailRecords;
  if (trunc) {
    options.create_if_missing = false;
    ASSERT_OK(TryReopen(options));
    const size_t recovered_row_count = RecoveryTestHelper::GetData(this);
    ASSERT_TRUE(corrupt_offset == 0 || recovered_row_count > 0);
    ASSERT_LT(recovered_row_count, row_count);
  } else {
    ASSERT_NOK(TryReopen(options));
  }
}

// Test scope:
// We don't expect the data store to be opened if there is any corruption
// (leading, middle or trailing -- incomplete writes or corruption)
TEST_P(DBWALTestWithParams, kAbsoluteConsistency) {
  // Verify clean slate behavior
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  const size_t row_count = RecoveryTestHelper::FillData(this, &options);
  options.create_if_missing = false;
  ASSERT_OK(TryReopen(options));
  ASSERT_EQ(RecoveryTestHelper::GetData(this), row_count);

  bool trunc = std::get<0>(GetParam());  // Corruption style
  // Corruption offset position
  int corrupt_offset = std::get<1>(GetParam());
  int wal_file_id = std::get<2>(GetParam());  // WAL file

  if (trunc && corrupt_offset == 0) {
    return;
  }

  // fill with new date
  RecoveryTestHelper::FillData(this, &options);
  // corrupt the wal
  RecoveryTestHelper::CorruptWAL(this, options, corrupt_offset * .3,
                                 /*len%=*/.1, wal_file_id, trunc);
  // verify
  options.wal_recovery_mode = WALRecoveryMode::kAbsoluteConsistency;
  options.create_if_missing = false;
  ASSERT_NOK(TryReopen(options));
}

// Test scope:
// We don't expect the data store to be opened if there is any inconsistency
// between WAL and SST files
TEST_F(DBWALTest, kPointInTimeRecoveryCFConsistency) {
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.avoid_flush_during_recovery = true;

  // Create DB with multiple column families.
  CreateAndReopenWithCF({"one", "two"}, options);
  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "key1", "val1"));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(2, "key2", "val2"));

  // Record the offset at this point
  Env* env = options.env;
  uint64_t wal_file_id = dbfull()->TEST_LogfileNumber();
  std::string fname = LogFileName(dbname_, wal_file_id);
  uint64_t offset_to_corrupt;
  ASSERT_OK(env->GetFileSize(fname, &offset_to_corrupt));
  ASSERT_GT(offset_to_corrupt, 0);

  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "key3", "val3"));
  // Corrupt WAL at location of key3
  RecoveryTestHelper::InduceCorruption(
      fname, static_cast<size_t>(offset_to_corrupt), static_cast<size_t>(4));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(2, "key4", "val4"));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "key5", "val5"));
  Flush(2);

  // PIT recovery & verify
  options.wal_recovery_mode = WALRecoveryMode::kPointInTimeRecovery;
  ASSERT_NOK(TryReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "one", "two"}, options));
}

// Test scope:
// - We expect to open data store under all circumstances
// - We expect only data upto the point where the first error was encountered
TEST_P(DBWALTestWithParams, kPointInTimeRecovery) {
  const int maxkeys =
      RecoveryTestHelper::kWALFilesCount * RecoveryTestHelper::kKeysPerWALFile;

  bool trunc = std::get<0>(GetParam());  // Corruption style
  // Corruption offset position
  int corrupt_offset = std::get<1>(GetParam());
  int wal_file_id = std::get<2>(GetParam());  // WAL file

  // Fill data for testing
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  const size_t row_count = RecoveryTestHelper::FillData(this, &options);

  // Corrupt the wal
  RecoveryTestHelper::CorruptWAL(this, options, corrupt_offset * .3,
                                 /*len%=*/.1, wal_file_id, trunc);

  // Verify
  options.wal_recovery_mode = WALRecoveryMode::kPointInTimeRecovery;
  options.create_if_missing = false;
  ASSERT_OK(TryReopen(options));

  // Probe data for invariants
  size_t recovered_row_count = RecoveryTestHelper::GetData(this);
  ASSERT_LT(recovered_row_count, row_count);

  bool expect_data = true;
  for (size_t k = 0; k < maxkeys; ++k) {
    bool found = Get("key" + ToString(corrupt_offset)) != "NOT_FOUND";
    if (expect_data && !found) {
      expect_data = false;
    }
    ASSERT_EQ(found, expect_data);
  }

  const size_t min = RecoveryTestHelper::kKeysPerWALFile *
                     (wal_file_id - RecoveryTestHelper::kWALFileOffset);
  ASSERT_GE(recovered_row_count, min);
  if (!trunc && corrupt_offset != 0) {
    const size_t max = RecoveryTestHelper::kKeysPerWALFile *
                       (wal_file_id - RecoveryTestHelper::kWALFileOffset + 1);
    ASSERT_LE(recovered_row_count, max);
  }
}

// Test scope:
// - We expect to open the data store under all scenarios
// - We expect to have recovered records past the corruption zone
TEST_P(DBWALTestWithParams, kSkipAnyCorruptedRecords) {
  bool trunc = std::get<0>(GetParam());  // Corruption style
  // Corruption offset position
  int corrupt_offset = std::get<1>(GetParam());
  int wal_file_id = std::get<2>(GetParam());  // WAL file

  // Fill data for testing
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  const size_t row_count = RecoveryTestHelper::FillData(this, &options);

  // Corrupt the WAL
  RecoveryTestHelper::CorruptWAL(this, options, corrupt_offset * .3,
                                 /*len%=*/.1, wal_file_id, trunc);

  // Verify behavior
  options.wal_recovery_mode = WALRecoveryMode::kSkipAnyCorruptedRecords;
  options.create_if_missing = false;
  ASSERT_OK(TryReopen(options));

  // Probe data for invariants
  size_t recovered_row_count = RecoveryTestHelper::GetData(this);
  ASSERT_LT(recovered_row_count, row_count);

  if (!trunc) {
    ASSERT_TRUE(corrupt_offset != 0 || recovered_row_count > 0);
  }
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, AvoidFlushDuringRecovery) {
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
  options.avoid_flush_during_recovery = false;

  // Test with flush after recovery.
  Reopen(options);
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "v1"));
  ASSERT_OK(Put("bar", "v2"));
  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "v3"));
  ASSERT_OK(Put("bar", "v4"));
  ASSERT_EQ(1, TotalTableFiles());
  // Reopen DB. Check if WAL logs flushed.
  Reopen(options);
  ASSERT_EQ("v3", Get("foo"));
  ASSERT_EQ("v4", Get("bar"));
  ASSERT_EQ(2, TotalTableFiles());

  // Test without flush after recovery.
  options.avoid_flush_during_recovery = true;
  DestroyAndReopen(options);
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "v5"));
  ASSERT_OK(Put("bar", "v6"));
  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "v7"));
  ASSERT_OK(Put("bar", "v8"));
  ASSERT_EQ(1, TotalTableFiles());
  // Reopen DB. WAL logs should not be flushed this time.
  Reopen(options);
  ASSERT_EQ("v7", Get("foo"));
  ASSERT_EQ("v8", Get("bar"));
  ASSERT_EQ(1, TotalTableFiles());

  // Force flush with allow_2pc.
  options.avoid_flush_during_recovery = true;
  options.allow_2pc = true;
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "v9"));
  ASSERT_OK(Put("bar", "v10"));
  ASSERT_OK(Flush());
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "v11"));
  ASSERT_OK(Put("bar", "v12"));
  Reopen(options);
  ASSERT_EQ("v11", Get("foo"));
  ASSERT_EQ("v12", Get("bar"));
  ASSERT_EQ(3, TotalTableFiles());
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, WalCleanupAfterAvoidFlushDuringRecovery) {
  // Verifies WAL files that were present during recovery, but not flushed due
  // to avoid_flush_during_recovery, will be considered for deletion at a later
  // stage. We check at least one such file is deleted during Flush().
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
  options.avoid_flush_during_recovery = true;
  Reopen(options);

  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "v1"));
  Reopen(options);
  for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
    if (i > 0) {
      // Flush() triggers deletion of obsolete tracked files
      Flush();
    }
    VectorLogPtr log_files;
    ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->GetSortedWalFiles(log_files));
    if (i == 0) {
      ASSERT_GT(log_files.size(), 0);
    } else {
      ASSERT_EQ(0, log_files.size());
    }
  }
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, RecoverWithoutFlush) {
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.avoid_flush_during_recovery = true;
  options.create_if_missing = false;
  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
  options.write_buffer_size = 64 * 1024 * 1024;

  size_t count = RecoveryTestHelper::FillData(this, &options);
  auto validateData = [this, count]() {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
      ASSERT_NE(Get("key" + ToString(i)), "NOT_FOUND");
    }
  };
  Reopen(options);
  validateData();
  // Insert some data without flush
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "foo_v1"));
  ASSERT_OK(Put("bar", "bar_v1"));
  Reopen(options);
  validateData();
  ASSERT_EQ(Get("foo"), "foo_v1");
  ASSERT_EQ(Get("bar"), "bar_v1");
  // Insert again and reopen
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "foo_v2"));
  ASSERT_OK(Put("bar", "bar_v2"));
  Reopen(options);
  validateData();
  ASSERT_EQ(Get("foo"), "foo_v2");
  ASSERT_EQ(Get("bar"), "bar_v2");
  // manual flush and insert again
  Flush();
  ASSERT_EQ(Get("foo"), "foo_v2");
  ASSERT_EQ(Get("bar"), "bar_v2");
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "foo_v3"));
  ASSERT_OK(Put("bar", "bar_v3"));
  Reopen(options);
  validateData();
  ASSERT_EQ(Get("foo"), "foo_v3");
  ASSERT_EQ(Get("bar"), "bar_v3");
}

TEST_F(DBWALTest, RecoverWithoutFlushMultipleCF) {
  const std::string kSmallValue = "v";
  const std::string kLargeValue = DummyString(1024);
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.avoid_flush_during_recovery = true;
  options.create_if_missing = false;
  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;

  auto countWalFiles = [this]() {
    VectorLogPtr log_files;
    dbfull()->GetSortedWalFiles(log_files);
    return log_files.size();
  };

  // Create DB with multiple column families and multiple log files.
  CreateAndReopenWithCF({"one", "two"}, options);
  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "key1", kSmallValue));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "key2", kLargeValue));
  Flush(1);
  ASSERT_EQ(1, countWalFiles());
  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "key3", kSmallValue));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(2, "key4", kLargeValue));
  Flush(2);
  ASSERT_EQ(2, countWalFiles());

  // Reopen, insert and flush.
  options.db_write_buffer_size = 64 * 1024 * 1024;
  ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "one", "two"}, options);
  ASSERT_EQ(Get(0, "key1"), kSmallValue);
  ASSERT_EQ(Get(1, "key2"), kLargeValue);
  ASSERT_EQ(Get(0, "key3"), kSmallValue);
  ASSERT_EQ(Get(2, "key4"), kLargeValue);
  // Insert more data.
  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "key5", kLargeValue));
  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "key6", kLargeValue));
  ASSERT_EQ(3, countWalFiles());
  Flush(1);
  ASSERT_OK(Put(2, "key7", kLargeValue));
  dbfull()->FlushWAL(false);
  ASSERT_EQ(4, countWalFiles());

  // Reopen twice and validate.
  for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
    ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "one", "two"}, options);
    ASSERT_EQ(Get(0, "key1"), kSmallValue);
    ASSERT_EQ(Get(1, "key2"), kLargeValue);
    ASSERT_EQ(Get(0, "key3"), kSmallValue);
    ASSERT_EQ(Get(2, "key4"), kLargeValue);
    ASSERT_EQ(Get(0, "key5"), kLargeValue);
    ASSERT_EQ(Get(1, "key6"), kLargeValue);
    ASSERT_EQ(Get(2, "key7"), kLargeValue);
    ASSERT_EQ(4, countWalFiles());
  }
}

// In this test we are trying to do the following:
//   1. Create a DB with corrupted WAL log;
//   2. Open with avoid_flush_during_recovery = true;
//   3. Append more data without flushing, which creates new WAL log.
//   4. Open again. See if it can correctly handle previous corruption.
TEST_P(DBWALTestWithParamsVaryingRecoveryMode,
       RecoverFromCorruptedWALWithoutFlush) {
  const int kAppendKeys = 100;
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.avoid_flush_during_recovery = true;
  options.create_if_missing = false;
  options.disable_auto_compactions = true;
  options.write_buffer_size = 64 * 1024 * 1024;

  auto getAll = [this]() {
    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> data;
    ReadOptions ropt;
    Iterator* iter = dbfull()->NewIterator(ropt);
    for (iter->SeekToFirst(); iter->Valid(); iter->Next()) {
      data.push_back(
          std::make_pair(iter->key().ToString(), iter->value().ToString()));
    }
    delete iter;
    return data;
  };

  bool trunc = std::get<0>(GetParam());  // Corruption style
  // Corruption offset position
  int corrupt_offset = std::get<1>(GetParam());
  int wal_file_id = std::get<2>(GetParam());  // WAL file
  WALRecoveryMode recovery_mode = std::get<3>(GetParam());

  options.wal_recovery_mode = recovery_mode;
  // Create corrupted WAL
  RecoveryTestHelper::FillData(this, &options);
  RecoveryTestHelper::CorruptWAL(this, options, corrupt_offset * .3,
                                 /*len%=*/.1, wal_file_id, trunc);
  // Skip the test if DB won't open.
  if (!TryReopen(options).ok()) {
    ASSERT_TRUE(options.wal_recovery_mode ==
                    WALRecoveryMode::kAbsoluteConsistency ||
                (!trunc && options.wal_recovery_mode ==
                               WALRecoveryMode::kTolerateCorruptedTailRecords));
    return;
  }
  ASSERT_OK(TryReopen(options));
  // Append some more data.
  for (int k = 0; k < kAppendKeys; k++) {
    std::string key = "extra_key" + ToString(k);
    std::string value = DummyString(RecoveryTestHelper::kValueSize);
    ASSERT_OK(Put(key, value));
  }
  // Save data for comparison.
  auto data = getAll();
  // Reopen. Verify data.
  ASSERT_OK(TryReopen(options));
  auto actual_data = getAll();
  ASSERT_EQ(data, actual_data);
}

// Tests that total log size is recovered if we set
// avoid_flush_during_recovery=true.
// Flush should trigger if max_total_wal_size is reached.
TEST_F(DBWALTest, RestoreTotalLogSizeAfterRecoverWithoutFlush) {
  class TestFlushListener : public EventListener {
   public:
    std::atomic<int> count{0};

    TestFlushListener() = default;

    void OnFlushBegin(DB* /*db*/, const FlushJobInfo& flush_job_info) override {
      count++;
      assert(FlushReason::kWriteBufferManager == flush_job_info.flush_reason);
    }
  };
  std::shared_ptr<TestFlushListener> test_listener =
      std::make_shared<TestFlushListener>();

  constexpr size_t kKB = 1024;
  constexpr size_t kMB = 1024 * 1024;
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.avoid_flush_during_recovery = true;
  options.max_total_wal_size = 1 * kMB;
  options.listeners.push_back(test_listener);
  // Have to open DB in multi-CF mode to trigger flush when
  // max_total_wal_size is reached.
  CreateAndReopenWithCF({"one"}, options);
  // Write some keys and we will end up with one log file which is slightly
  // smaller than 1MB.
  std::string value_100k(100 * kKB, 'v');
  std::string value_300k(300 * kKB, 'v');
  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", "v1"));
  for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
    ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "key" + ToString(i), value_100k));
  }
  // Get log files before reopen.
  VectorLogPtr log_files_before;
  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->GetSortedWalFiles(log_files_before));
  ASSERT_EQ(1, log_files_before.size());
  uint64_t log_size_before = log_files_before[0]->SizeFileBytes();
  ASSERT_GT(log_size_before, 900 * kKB);
  ASSERT_LT(log_size_before, 1 * kMB);
  ReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "one"}, options);
  // Write one more value to make log larger than 1MB.
  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "bar", value_300k));
  // Get log files again. A new log file will be opened.
  VectorLogPtr log_files_after_reopen;
  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->GetSortedWalFiles(log_files_after_reopen));
  ASSERT_EQ(2, log_files_after_reopen.size());
  ASSERT_EQ(log_files_before[0]->LogNumber(),
            log_files_after_reopen[0]->LogNumber());
  ASSERT_GT(log_files_after_reopen[0]->SizeFileBytes() +
                log_files_after_reopen[1]->SizeFileBytes(),
            1 * kMB);
  // Write one more key to trigger flush.
  ASSERT_OK(Put(0, "foo", "v2"));
  dbfull()->TEST_WaitForFlushMemTable();
  // Flushed two column families.
  ASSERT_EQ(2, test_listener->count.load());
}

#if defined(ROCKSDB_PLATFORM_POSIX)
#if defined(ROCKSDB_FALLOCATE_PRESENT)
// Tests that we will truncate the preallocated space of the last log from
// previous.
TEST_F(DBWALTest, TruncateLastLogAfterRecoverWithoutFlush) {
  constexpr size_t kKB = 1024;
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.avoid_flush_during_recovery = true;
  // Test fallocate support of running file system.
  // Skip this test if fallocate is not supported.
  std::string fname_test_fallocate = dbname_ + "/preallocate_testfile";
  int fd = -1;
  do {
    fd = open(fname_test_fallocate.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC, 0644);
  } while (fd < 0 && errno == EINTR);
  ASSERT_GT(fd, 0);
  int alloc_status = fallocate(fd, 0, 0, 1);
  int err_number = errno;
  close(fd);
  ASSERT_OK(options.env->DeleteFile(fname_test_fallocate));
  if (err_number == ENOSYS || err_number == EOPNOTSUPP) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Skipped preallocated space check: %s\n", strerror(err_number));
    return;
  }
  ASSERT_EQ(0, alloc_status);

  DestroyAndReopen(options);
  size_t preallocated_size =
      dbfull()->TEST_GetWalPreallocateBlockSize(options.write_buffer_size);
  ASSERT_OK(Put("foo", "v1"));
  VectorLogPtr log_files_before;
  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->GetSortedWalFiles(log_files_before));
  ASSERT_EQ(1, log_files_before.size());
  auto& file_before = log_files_before[0];
  ASSERT_LT(file_before->SizeFileBytes(), 1 * kKB);
  // The log file has preallocated space.
  ASSERT_GE(GetAllocatedFileSize(dbname_ + file_before->PathName()),
            preallocated_size);
  Reopen(options);
  VectorLogPtr log_files_after;
  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->GetSortedWalFiles(log_files_after));
  ASSERT_EQ(1, log_files_after.size());
  ASSERT_LT(log_files_after[0]->SizeFileBytes(), 1 * kKB);
  // The preallocated space should be truncated.
  ASSERT_LT(GetAllocatedFileSize(dbname_ + file_before->PathName()),
            preallocated_size);
}
#endif  // ROCKSDB_FALLOCATE_PRESENT
#endif  // ROCKSDB_PLATFORM_POSIX

#endif  // ROCKSDB_LITE

TEST_F(DBWALTest, WalTermTest) {
  Options options = CurrentOptions();
  options.env = env_;
  CreateAndReopenWithCF({"pikachu"}, options);

  ASSERT_OK(Put(1, "foo", "bar"));

  WriteOptions wo;
  wo.sync = true;
  wo.disableWAL = false;

  WriteBatch batch;
  batch.Put("foo", "bar");
  batch.MarkWalTerminationPoint();
  batch.Put("foo2", "bar2");

  ASSERT_OK(dbfull()->Write(wo, &batch));

  // make sure we can re-open it.
  ASSERT_OK(TryReopenWithColumnFamilies({"default", "pikachu"}, options));
  ASSERT_EQ("bar", Get(1, "foo"));
  ASSERT_EQ("NOT_FOUND", Get(1, "foo2"));
}
}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::port::InstallStackTraceHandler();
  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}