diff --git a/src/core/pdu/mod.rs b/src/core/pdu/mod.rs
index c7d93608..0c54812e 100644
--- a/src/core/pdu/mod.rs
+++ b/src/core/pdu/mod.rs
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ pub struct PduEvent {
 }
 
 impl PduEvent {
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn redact(&mut self, room_version_id: RoomVersionId, reason: &Self) -> crate::Result<()> {
 		self.unsigned = None;
 
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ impl PduEvent {
 		(self.redacts.clone(), self.content.clone())
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn to_sync_room_event(&self) -> Raw<AnySyncTimelineEvent> {
 		let (redacts, content) = self.copy_redacts();
 		let mut json = json!({
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ impl PduEvent {
 	}
 
 	/// This only works for events that are also AnyRoomEvents.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn to_any_event(&self) -> Raw<AnyEphemeralRoomEvent> {
 		let (redacts, content) = self.copy_redacts();
 		let mut json = json!({
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ impl PduEvent {
 		serde_json::from_value(json).expect("Raw::from_value always works")
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn to_room_event(&self) -> Raw<AnyTimelineEvent> {
 		let (redacts, content) = self.copy_redacts();
 		let mut json = json!({
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ impl PduEvent {
 		serde_json::from_value(json).expect("Raw::from_value always works")
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn to_message_like_event(&self) -> Raw<AnyMessageLikeEvent> {
 		let (redacts, content) = self.copy_redacts();
 		let mut json = json!({
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ impl PduEvent {
 		serde_json::from_value(json).expect("Raw::from_value always works")
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn to_state_event(&self) -> Raw<AnyStateEvent> {
 		let mut json = json!({
 			"content": self.content,
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ impl PduEvent {
 		serde_json::from_value(json).expect("Raw::from_value always works")
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn to_sync_state_event(&self) -> Raw<AnySyncStateEvent> {
 		let mut json = json!({
 			"content": self.content,
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ impl PduEvent {
 		serde_json::from_value(json).expect("Raw::from_value always works")
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn to_stripped_state_event(&self) -> Raw<AnyStrippedStateEvent> {
 		let json = json!({
 			"content": self.content,
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ impl PduEvent {
 		serde_json::from_value(json).expect("Raw::from_value always works")
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn to_stripped_spacechild_state_event(&self) -> Raw<HierarchySpaceChildEvent> {
 		let json = json!({
 			"content": self.content,
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ impl PduEvent {
 		serde_json::from_value(json).expect("Raw::from_value always works")
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn to_member_event(&self) -> Raw<StateEvent<RoomMemberEventContent>> {
 		let mut json = json!({
 			"content": self.content,
diff --git a/src/core/utils/content_disposition.rs b/src/core/utils/content_disposition.rs
index 1c2b066d..be17a731 100644
--- a/src/core/utils/content_disposition.rs
+++ b/src/core/utils/content_disposition.rs
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ pub fn content_disposition_type(content_type: &Option<String>) -> &'static str {
 
 /// sanitises the file name for the Content-Disposition using
 /// `sanitize_filename` crate
-#[tracing::instrument]
+#[tracing::instrument(level = "debug")]
 pub fn sanitise_filename(filename: String) -> String {
 	let options = sanitize_filename::Options {
 		truncate: false,
diff --git a/src/core/utils/hash/sha256.rs b/src/core/utils/hash/sha256.rs
index 6a1f1879..b2e5a94c 100644
--- a/src/core/utils/hash/sha256.rs
+++ b/src/core/utils/hash/sha256.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use ring::{digest, digest::SHA256};
 
-#[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
+#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, level = "debug")]
 pub(super) fn hash(keys: &[&[u8]]) -> Vec<u8> {
 	// We only hash the pdu's event ids, not the whole pdu
 	let bytes = keys.join(&0xFF);
diff --git a/src/router/request.rs b/src/router/request.rs
index 2bdd06f8..49a31c29 100644
--- a/src/router/request.rs
+++ b/src/router/request.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use ruma::api::client::{
 };
 use tracing::{debug, error, trace};
 
-#[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
+#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, level = "debug")]
 pub(crate) async fn spawn(
 	State(server): State<Arc<Server>>, req: http::Request<axum::body::Body>, next: axum::middleware::Next,
 ) -> Result<axum::response::Response, StatusCode> {
diff --git a/src/service/account_data/mod.rs b/src/service/account_data/mod.rs
index 66474370..69d2f799 100644
--- a/src/service/account_data/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/account_data/mod.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl Service {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns all changes to the account data that happened after `since`.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, name = "since")]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, name = "since", level = "debug")]
 	pub fn changes_since(
 		&self, room_id: Option<&RoomId>, user_id: &UserId, since: u64,
 	) -> Result<HashMap<RoomAccountDataEventType, Raw<AnyEphemeralRoomEvent>>> {
diff --git a/src/service/globals/data.rs b/src/service/globals/data.rs
index 083aec3c..254a3d9c 100644
--- a/src/service/globals/data.rs
+++ b/src/service/globals/data.rs
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ impl Data {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub async fn watch(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId) -> Result<()> {
 		let userid_bytes = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		let mut userid_prefix = userid_bytes.clone();
diff --git a/src/service/globals/mod.rs b/src/service/globals/mod.rs
index f28299b2..11bfc88c 100644
--- a/src/service/globals/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/globals/mod.rs
@@ -189,10 +189,10 @@ impl Service {
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn current_count(&self) -> Result<u64> { Ok(self.db.current_count()) }
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn last_check_for_updates_id(&self) -> Result<u64> { self.db.last_check_for_updates_id() }
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn update_check_for_updates_id(&self, id: u64) -> Result<()> { self.db.update_check_for_updates_id(id) }
 
 	pub async fn watch(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId) -> Result<()> {
diff --git a/src/service/pusher/mod.rs b/src/service/pusher/mod.rs
index 27b49c28..ea48ea7c 100644
--- a/src/service/pusher/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/pusher/mod.rs
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ impl Service {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, user, ruleset, pdu))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, user, ruleset, pdu), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn get_actions<'a>(
 		&self, user: &UserId, ruleset: &'a Ruleset, power_levels: &RoomPowerLevelsEventContent,
 		pdu: &Raw<AnySyncTimelineEvent>, room_id: &RoomId,
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/alias/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/alias/mod.rs
index d375561e..706bf2f8 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/alias/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/alias/mod.rs
@@ -89,19 +89,19 @@ impl Service {
 		)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn resolve_local_alias(&self, alias: &RoomAliasId) -> Result<Option<OwnedRoomId>> {
 		self.db.resolve_local_alias(alias)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn local_aliases_for_room<'a>(
 		&'a self, room_id: &RoomId,
 	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomAliasId>> + 'a> {
 		self.db.local_aliases_for_room(room_id)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn all_local_aliases<'a>(&'a self) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<(OwnedRoomId, String)>> + 'a> {
 		self.db.all_local_aliases()
 	}
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/auth_chain/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/auth_chain/mod.rs
index 7b2a4f01..2919ea7e 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/auth_chain/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/auth_chain/mod.rs
@@ -174,13 +174,13 @@ impl Service {
 		self.db.get_cached_eventid_authchain(key)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn cache_auth_chain(&self, key: Vec<u64>, auth_chain: &HashSet<u64>) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db
 			.cache_auth_chain(key, auth_chain.iter().copied().collect::<Arc<[u64]>>())
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn cache_auth_chain_vec(&self, key: Vec<u64>, auth_chain: &Vec<u64>) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db
 			.cache_auth_chain(key, auth_chain.iter().copied().collect::<Arc<[u64]>>())
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/directory/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/directory/mod.rs
index 3e60831c..23ec6b6b 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/directory/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/directory/mod.rs
@@ -22,15 +22,15 @@ impl crate::Service for Service {
 }
 
 impl Service {
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn set_public(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> { self.db.set_public(room_id) }
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn set_not_public(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> { self.db.set_not_public(room_id) }
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn is_public_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> { self.db.is_public_room(room_id) }
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn public_rooms(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + '_ { self.db.public_rooms() }
 }
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/event_handler/signing_keys.rs b/src/service/rooms/event_handler/signing_keys.rs
index fdb2be0e..2fa5b0df 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/event_handler/signing_keys.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/event_handler/signing_keys.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use std::{
 	time::{Duration, SystemTime},
 };
 
+use conduit::{debug, error, info, trace, warn};
 use futures_util::{stream::FuturesUnordered, StreamExt};
 use ruma::{
 	api::federation::{
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ use ruma::{
 };
 use serde_json::value::RawValue as RawJsonValue;
 use tokio::sync::{RwLock, RwLockWriteGuard};
-use tracing::{debug, error, info, trace, warn};
 
 use crate::{services, Error, Result};
 
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/lazy_loading/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/lazy_loading/mod.rs
index 185cfd8c..96f623f2 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/lazy_loading/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/lazy_loading/mod.rs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ impl crate::Service for Service {
 }
 
 impl Service {
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn lazy_load_was_sent_before(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, room_id: &RoomId, ll_user: &UserId,
 	) -> Result<bool> {
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ impl Service {
 			.lazy_load_was_sent_before(user_id, device_id, room_id, ll_user)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub async fn lazy_load_mark_sent(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, room_id: &RoomId, lazy_load: HashSet<OwnedUserId>,
 		count: PduCount,
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ impl Service {
 			.insert((user_id.to_owned(), device_id.to_owned(), room_id.to_owned(), count), lazy_load);
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub async fn lazy_load_confirm_delivery(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, room_id: &RoomId, since: PduCount,
 	) -> Result<()> {
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ impl Service {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn lazy_load_reset(&self, user_id: &UserId, device_id: &DeviceId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db.lazy_load_reset(user_id, device_id, room_id)
 	}
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/outlier/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/outlier/mod.rs
index a7326f42..22bd2092 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/outlier/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/outlier/mod.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ impl Service {
 	pub fn get_pdu_outlier(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<PduEvent>> { self.db.get_outlier_pdu(event_id) }
 
 	/// Append the PDU as an outlier.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, pdu))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, pdu), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn add_pdu_outlier(&self, event_id: &EventId, pdu: &CanonicalJsonObject) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db.add_pdu_outlier(event_id, pdu)
 	}
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/pdu_metadata/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/pdu_metadata/mod.rs
index cdb2fc29..05067aa8 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/pdu_metadata/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/pdu_metadata/mod.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl crate::Service for Service {
 }
 
 impl Service {
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, from, to))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, from, to), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn add_relation(&self, from: PduCount, to: PduCount) -> Result<()> {
 		match (from, to) {
 			(PduCount::Normal(f), PduCount::Normal(t)) => self.db.add_relation(f, t),
@@ -218,19 +218,19 @@ impl Service {
 			})
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id, event_ids))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, level = "debug")]
 	pub fn mark_as_referenced(&self, room_id: &RoomId, event_ids: &[Arc<EventId>]) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db.mark_as_referenced(room_id, event_ids)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn is_event_referenced(&self, room_id: &RoomId, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<bool> {
 		self.db.is_event_referenced(room_id, event_id)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn mark_event_soft_failed(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<()> { self.db.mark_event_soft_failed(event_id) }
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn is_event_soft_failed(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<bool> { self.db.is_event_soft_failed(event_id) }
 }
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/read_receipt/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/read_receipt/mod.rs
index e46027b7..9375276e 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/read_receipt/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/read_receipt/mod.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ impl Service {
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over the most recent read_receipts in a room that
 	/// happened after the event with id `since`.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn readreceipts_since<'a>(
 		&'a self, room_id: &RoomId, since: u64,
 	) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(OwnedUserId, u64, Raw<ruma::events::AnySyncEphemeralRoomEvent>)>> + 'a {
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ impl Service {
 	}
 
 	/// Sets a private read marker at `count`.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn private_read_set(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId, count: u64) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db.private_read_set(room_id, user_id, count)
 	}
 
 	/// Returns the private read marker.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn private_read_get(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		self.db.private_read_get(room_id, user_id)
 	}
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/search/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/search/mod.rs
index 7573d218..082dd432 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/search/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/search/mod.rs
@@ -21,17 +21,17 @@ impl crate::Service for Service {
 }
 
 impl Service {
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn index_pdu(&self, shortroomid: u64, pdu_id: &[u8], message_body: &str) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db.index_pdu(shortroomid, pdu_id, message_body)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn deindex_pdu(&self, shortroomid: u64, pdu_id: &[u8], message_body: &str) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db.deindex_pdu(shortroomid, pdu_id, message_body)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn search_pdus<'a>(
 		&'a self, room_id: &RoomId, search_string: &str,
 	) -> Result<Option<(impl Iterator<Item = Vec<u8>> + 'a, Vec<String>)>> {
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/state/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/state/mod.rs
index 7964a5fb..52ee89d1 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/state/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/state/mod.rs
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ impl Service {
 	///
 	/// This adds all current state events (not including the incoming event)
 	/// to `stateid_pduid` and adds the incoming event to `eventid_statehash`.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, state_ids_compressed))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, state_ids_compressed), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn set_event_state(
 		&self, event_id: &EventId, room_id: &RoomId, state_ids_compressed: Arc<HashSet<CompressedStateEvent>>,
 	) -> Result<u64> {
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ impl Service {
 	///
 	/// This adds all current state events (not including the incoming event)
 	/// to `stateid_pduid` and adds the incoming event to `eventid_statehash`.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, new_pdu))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, new_pdu), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn append_to_state(&self, new_pdu: &PduEvent) -> Result<u64> {
 		let shorteventid = services()
 			.rooms
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ impl Service {
 		}
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, invite_event))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, invite_event), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn calculate_invite_state(&self, invite_event: &PduEvent) -> Result<Vec<Raw<AnyStrippedStateEvent>>> {
 		let mut state = Vec::new();
 		// Add recommended events
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ impl Service {
 	}
 
 	/// Set the state hash to a new version, but does not update state_cache.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, mutex_lock))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, mutex_lock), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn set_room_state(
 		&self,
 		room_id: &RoomId,
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ impl Service {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns the room's version.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn get_room_version(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<RoomVersionId> {
 		let create_event = services()
 			.rooms
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ impl Service {
 	}
 
 	/// This fetches auth events from the current state.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn get_auth_events(
 		&self, room_id: &RoomId, kind: &TimelineEventType, sender: &UserId, state_key: Option<&str>,
 		content: &serde_json::value::RawValue,
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/state_accessor/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/state_accessor/mod.rs
index e8554500..a3567857 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/state_accessor/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/state_accessor/mod.rs
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ impl crate::Service for Service {
 impl Service {
 	/// Builds a StateMap by iterating over all keys that start
 	/// with state_hash, this gives the full state for the given state_hash.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub async fn state_full_ids(&self, shortstatehash: u64) -> Result<HashMap<u64, Arc<EventId>>> {
 		self.db.state_full_ids(shortstatehash).await
 	}
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl Service {
 
 	/// Returns a single PDU from `room_id` with key (`event_type`,
 	/// `state_key`).
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn state_get_id(
 		&self, shortstatehash: u64, event_type: &StateEventType, state_key: &str,
 	) -> Result<Option<Arc<EventId>>> {
@@ -286,14 +286,14 @@ impl Service {
 	pub fn pdu_shortstatehash(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<Option<u64>> { self.db.pdu_shortstatehash(event_id) }
 
 	/// Returns the full room state.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub async fn room_state_full(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<HashMap<(StateEventType, String), Arc<PduEvent>>> {
 		self.db.room_state_full(room_id).await
 	}
 
 	/// Returns a single PDU from `room_id` with key (`event_type`,
 	/// `state_key`).
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn room_state_get_id(
 		&self, room_id: &RoomId, event_type: &StateEventType, state_key: &str,
 	) -> Result<Option<Arc<EventId>>> {
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ impl Service {
 
 	/// Returns a single PDU from `room_id` with key (`event_type`,
 	/// `state_key`).
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn room_state_get(
 		&self, room_id: &RoomId, event_type: &StateEventType, state_key: &str,
 	) -> Result<Option<Arc<PduEvent>>> {
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/state_cache/data.rs b/src/service/rooms/state_cache/data.rs
index 0120d5a6..2b9fbe94 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/state_cache/data.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/state_cache/data.rs
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ impl Data {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id, appservice))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id, appservice), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn appservice_in_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId, appservice: &RegistrationInfo) -> Result<bool> {
 		let maybe = self
 			.appservice_in_room_cache
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ impl Data {
 	}
 
 	/// Makes a user forget a room.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn forget(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut userroom_id = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userroom_id.push(0xFF);
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ impl Data {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns an iterator of all servers participating in this room.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn room_servers<'a>(
 		&'a self, room_id: &RoomId,
 	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedServerName>> + 'a> {
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ impl Data {
 		}))
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn server_in_room(&self, server: &ServerName, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
 		let mut key = server.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ impl Data {
 
 	/// Returns an iterator of all rooms a server participates in (as far as we
 	/// know).
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn server_rooms<'a>(
 		&'a self, server: &ServerName,
 	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + 'a> {
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ impl Data {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns an iterator of all joined members of a room.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn room_members<'a>(
 		&'a self, room_id: &RoomId,
 	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + Send + 'a> {
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ impl Data {
 
 	/// Returns an iterator of all our local joined users in a room who are
 	/// active (not deactivated, not guest)
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn active_local_users_in_room<'a>(
 		&'a self, room_id: &RoomId,
 	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = OwnedUserId> + 'a> {
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ impl Data {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns the number of users which are currently in a room
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn room_joined_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		self.roomid_joinedcount
 			.get(room_id.as_bytes())?
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ impl Data {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns the number of users which are currently invited to a room
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn room_invited_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		self.roomid_invitedcount
 			.get(room_id.as_bytes())?
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ impl Data {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all User IDs who ever joined a room.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn room_useroncejoined<'a>(
 		&'a self, room_id: &RoomId,
 	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + 'a> {
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ impl Data {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all invited members of a room.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn room_members_invited<'a>(
 		&'a self, room_id: &RoomId,
 	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + 'a> {
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ impl Data {
 		)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn get_invite_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		let mut key = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ impl Data {
 			})
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn get_left_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		let mut key = room_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		key.push(0xFF);
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ impl Data {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all rooms this user joined.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn rooms_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + '_> {
 		Box::new(
 			self.userroomid_joined
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ impl Data {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all rooms a user was invited to.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn rooms_invited<'a>(&'a self, user_id: &UserId) -> StrippedStateEventIter<'a> {
 		let mut prefix = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ impl Data {
 		)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn invite_state(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId,
 	) -> Result<Option<Vec<Raw<AnyStrippedStateEvent>>>> {
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ impl Data {
 			.transpose()
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn left_state(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId,
 	) -> Result<Option<Vec<Raw<AnyStrippedStateEvent>>>> {
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ impl Data {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all rooms a user left.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn rooms_left<'a>(&'a self, user_id: &UserId) -> AnySyncStateEventIter<'a> {
 		let mut prefix = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		prefix.push(0xFF);
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ impl Data {
 		)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn once_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
 		let mut userroom_id = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userroom_id.push(0xFF);
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ impl Data {
 		Ok(self.roomuseroncejoinedids.get(&userroom_id)?.is_some())
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn is_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
 		let mut userroom_id = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userroom_id.push(0xFF);
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ impl Data {
 		Ok(self.userroomid_joined.get(&userroom_id)?.is_some())
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn is_invited(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
 		let mut userroom_id = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userroom_id.push(0xFF);
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ impl Data {
 		Ok(self.userroomid_invitestate.get(&userroom_id)?.is_some())
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn is_left(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
 		let mut userroom_id = user_id.as_bytes().to_vec();
 		userroom_id.push(0xFF);
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ impl Data {
 		Ok(self.userroomid_leftstate.get(&userroom_id)?.is_some())
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn servers_invite_via<'a>(
 		&'a self, room_id: &RoomId,
 	) -> Box<dyn Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedServerName>> + 'a> {
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ impl Data {
 		)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub(super) fn add_servers_invite_via(&self, room_id: &RoomId, servers: &[OwnedServerName]) -> Result<()> {
 		let mut prev_servers = self
 			.servers_invite_via(room_id)
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/state_cache/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/state_cache/mod.rs
index a0910c7c..30fd7bf4 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/state_cache/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/state_cache/mod.rs
@@ -219,10 +219,10 @@ impl Service {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn update_joined_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> { self.db.update_joined_count(room_id) }
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id, appservice))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id, appservice), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn appservice_in_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId, appservice: &RegistrationInfo) -> Result<bool> {
 		self.db.appservice_in_room(room_id, appservice)
 	}
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ impl Service {
 	/// Direct DB function to directly mark a user as left. It is not
 	/// recommended to use this directly. You most likely should use
 	/// `update_membership` instead
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn mark_as_left(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db.mark_as_left(user_id, room_id)
 	}
@@ -238,35 +238,35 @@ impl Service {
 	/// Direct DB function to directly mark a user as joined. It is not
 	/// recommended to use this directly. You most likely should use
 	/// `update_membership` instead
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn mark_as_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db.mark_as_joined(user_id, room_id)
 	}
 
 	/// Makes a user forget a room.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn forget(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<()> { self.db.forget(room_id, user_id) }
 
 	/// Returns an iterator of all servers participating in this room.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn room_servers(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedServerName>> + '_ {
 		self.db.room_servers(room_id)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn server_in_room(&self, server: &ServerName, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
 		self.db.server_in_room(server, room_id)
 	}
 
 	/// Returns an iterator of all rooms a server participates in (as far as we
 	/// know).
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn server_rooms(&self, server: &ServerName) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + '_ {
 		self.db.server_rooms(server)
 	}
 
 	/// Returns true if server can see user by sharing at least one room.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn server_sees_user(&self, server: &ServerName, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<bool> {
 		Ok(self
 			.server_rooms(server)
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ impl Service {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns true if user_a and user_b share at least one room.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn user_sees_user(&self, user_a: &UserId, user_b: &UserId) -> Result<bool> {
 		// Minimize number of point-queries by iterating user with least nr rooms
 		let (a, b) = if self.rooms_joined(user_a).count() < self.rooms_joined(user_b).count() {
@@ -291,23 +291,23 @@ impl Service {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all joined members of a room.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn room_members(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + Send + '_ {
 		self.db.room_members(room_id)
 	}
 
 	/// Returns the number of users which are currently in a room
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn room_joined_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<u64>> { self.db.room_joined_count(room_id) }
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	/// Returns an iterator of all our local users in the room, even if they're
 	/// deactivated/guests
 	pub fn local_users_in_room<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> impl Iterator<Item = OwnedUserId> + 'a {
 		self.db.local_users_in_room(room_id)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	/// Returns an iterator of all our local joined users in a room who are
 	/// active (not deactivated, not guest)
 	pub fn active_local_users_in_room<'a>(&'a self, room_id: &RoomId) -> impl Iterator<Item = OwnedUserId> + 'a {
@@ -315,80 +315,80 @@ impl Service {
 	}
 
 	/// Returns the number of users which are currently invited to a room
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn room_invited_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<u64>> { self.db.room_invited_count(room_id) }
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all User IDs who ever joined a room.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn room_useroncejoined(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + '_ {
 		self.db.room_useroncejoined(room_id)
 	}
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all invited members of a room.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn room_members_invited(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedUserId>> + '_ {
 		self.db.room_members_invited(room_id)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn get_invite_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		self.db.get_invite_count(room_id, user_id)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn get_left_count(&self, room_id: &RoomId, user_id: &UserId) -> Result<Option<u64>> {
 		self.db.get_left_count(room_id, user_id)
 	}
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all rooms this user joined.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn rooms_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedRoomId>> + '_ {
 		self.db.rooms_joined(user_id)
 	}
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all rooms a user was invited to.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn rooms_invited(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId,
 	) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(OwnedRoomId, Vec<Raw<AnyStrippedStateEvent>>)>> + '_ {
 		self.db.rooms_invited(user_id)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn invite_state(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<Vec<Raw<AnyStrippedStateEvent>>>> {
 		self.db.invite_state(user_id, room_id)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn left_state(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<Vec<Raw<AnyStrippedStateEvent>>>> {
 		self.db.left_state(user_id, room_id)
 	}
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all rooms a user left.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn rooms_left(
 		&self, user_id: &UserId,
 	) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<(OwnedRoomId, Vec<Raw<AnySyncStateEvent>>)>> + '_ {
 		self.db.rooms_left(user_id)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn once_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
 		self.db.once_joined(user_id, room_id)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn is_joined(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> { self.db.is_joined(user_id, room_id) }
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn is_invited(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
 		self.db.is_invited(user_id, room_id)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn is_left(&self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> { self.db.is_left(user_id, room_id) }
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn servers_invite_via(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> impl Iterator<Item = Result<OwnedServerName>> + '_ {
 		self.db.servers_invite_via(room_id)
 	}
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/state_compressor/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/state_compressor/mod.rs
index 197efbea..4b4ea7d4 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/state_compressor/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/state_compressor/mod.rs
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ impl crate::Service for Service {
 impl Service {
 	/// Returns a stack with info on shortstatehash, full state, added diff and
 	/// removed diff for the selected shortstatehash and each parent layer.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn load_shortstatehash_info(&self, shortstatehash: u64) -> ShortStateInfoResult {
 		if let Some(r) = self
 			.stateinfo_cache
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ impl Service {
 	///   for this layer
 	/// * `parent_states` - A stack with info on shortstatehash, full state,
 	///   added diff and removed diff for each parent layer
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, statediffnew, statediffremoved, diff_to_sibling, parent_states))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, statediffnew, statediffremoved, diff_to_sibling, parent_states), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn save_state_from_diff(
 		&self, shortstatehash: u64, statediffnew: Arc<HashSet<CompressedStateEvent>>,
 		statediffremoved: Arc<HashSet<CompressedStateEvent>>, diff_to_sibling: usize,
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/timeline/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/timeline/mod.rs
index 70f4423c..db7af004 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/timeline/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/timeline/mod.rs
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ impl crate::Service for Service {
 }
 
 impl Service {
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn first_pdu_in_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<Arc<PduEvent>>> {
 		self.all_pdus(user_id!("@doesntmatter:conduit.rs"), room_id)?
 			.next()
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl Service {
 			.transpose()
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn latest_pdu_in_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<Option<Arc<PduEvent>>> {
 		self.all_pdus(user_id!("@placeholder:conduwuit.placeholder"), room_id)?
 			.last()
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ impl Service {
 			.transpose()
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn last_timeline_count(&self, sender_user: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<PduCount> {
 		self.db.last_timeline_count(sender_user, room_id)
 	}
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ impl Service {
 	}
 
 	/// Removes a pdu and creates a new one with the same id.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn replace_pdu(&self, pdu_id: &[u8], pdu_json: &CanonicalJsonObject, pdu: &PduEvent) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db.replace_pdu(pdu_id, pdu_json, pdu)
 	}
@@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@ impl Service {
 	/// Returns an iterator over all events and their tokens in a room that
 	/// happened before the event with id `until` in reverse-chronological
 	/// order.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn pdus_until<'a>(
 		&'a self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, until: PduCount,
 	) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<(PduCount, PduEvent)>> + 'a> {
@@ -1039,7 +1039,7 @@ impl Service {
 
 	/// Returns an iterator over all events and their token in a room that
 	/// happened after the event with id `from` in chronological order.
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn pdus_after<'a>(
 		&'a self, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, from: PduCount,
 	) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = Result<(PduCount, PduEvent)>> + 'a> {
diff --git a/src/service/sending/data.rs b/src/service/sending/data.rs
index ed579817..65725618 100644
--- a/src/service/sending/data.rs
+++ b/src/service/sending/data.rs
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ impl Data {
 	}
 }
 
-#[tracing::instrument(skip(key))]
+#[tracing::instrument(skip(key), level = "debug")]
 fn parse_servercurrentevent(key: &[u8], value: Vec<u8>) -> Result<(Destination, SendingEvent)> {
 	// Appservices start with a plus
 	Ok::<_, Error>(if key.starts_with(b"+") {
diff --git a/src/service/sending/mod.rs b/src/service/sending/mod.rs
index 0dcebcec..a18240bd 100644
--- a/src/service/sending/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/sending/mod.rs
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ impl crate::Service for Service {
 }
 
 impl Service {
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, pdu_id, user, pushkey))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, pdu_id, user, pushkey), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn send_pdu_push(&self, pdu_id: &[u8], user: &UserId, pushkey: String) -> Result<()> {
 		let dest = Destination::Push(user.to_owned(), pushkey);
 		let event = SendingEvent::Pdu(pdu_id.to_owned());
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ impl Service {
 		})
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn send_pdu_appservice(&self, appservice_id: String, pdu_id: Vec<u8>) -> Result<()> {
 		let dest = Destination::Appservice(appservice_id);
 		let event = SendingEvent::Pdu(pdu_id);
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ impl Service {
 		})
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id, pdu_id))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id, pdu_id), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn send_pdu_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId, pdu_id: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
 		let servers = services()
 			.rooms
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ impl Service {
 		self.send_pdu_servers(servers, pdu_id)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, servers, pdu_id))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, servers, pdu_id), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn send_pdu_servers<I: Iterator<Item = OwnedServerName>>(&self, servers: I, pdu_id: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
 		let requests = servers
 			.into_iter()
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ impl Service {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, server, serialized))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, server, serialized), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn send_edu_server(&self, server: &ServerName, serialized: Vec<u8>) -> Result<()> {
 		let dest = Destination::Normal(server.to_owned());
 		let event = SendingEvent::Edu(serialized);
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ impl Service {
 		})
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id, serialized))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id, serialized), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn send_edu_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId, serialized: Vec<u8>) -> Result<()> {
 		let servers = services()
 			.rooms
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ impl Service {
 		self.send_edu_servers(servers, serialized)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, servers, serialized))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, servers, serialized), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn send_edu_servers<I: Iterator<Item = OwnedServerName>>(&self, servers: I, serialized: Vec<u8>) -> Result<()> {
 		let requests = servers
 			.into_iter()
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ impl Service {
 		Ok(())
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, room_id), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn flush_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<()> {
 		let servers = services()
 			.rooms
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ impl Service {
 		self.flush_servers(servers)
 	}
 
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, servers))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, servers), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn flush_servers<I: Iterator<Item = OwnedServerName>>(&self, servers: I) -> Result<()> {
 		let requests = servers.into_iter().map(Destination::Normal);
 		for dest in requests {
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ impl Service {
 
 	/// Cleanup event data
 	/// Used for instance after we remove an appservice registration
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 	pub fn cleanup_events(&self, appservice_id: String) -> Result<()> {
 		self.db
 			.delete_all_requests_for(&Destination::Appservice(appservice_id))?;
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ impl Service {
 }
 
 impl Destination {
-	#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+	#[must_use]
 	pub fn get_prefix(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
 		let mut prefix = match self {
 			Self::Appservice(server) => {