diff --git a/cc/toolchains/README.md b/cc/toolchains/README.md
index a6658c1..42266b7 100644
--- a/cc/toolchains/README.md
+++ b/cc/toolchains/README.md
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ An action config is a mapping from action to:
 * A set of additional files required for the action
 
 Each action can only be specified once in the toolchain. Specifying multiple
-actions in a single `cc_action_config` is just a shorthand for specifying the
+actions in a single `cc_action_type_config` is just a shorthand for specifying the
 same config for every one of those actions.
 
 If you're already familiar with how to define toolchains, the additional files
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Additionally, to replace `all_files`, we add `cc_additional_files_for_actions`.
 This allows you to specify that particular files are required for particular
 actions.
 
-We provide `additional_files` on the `cc_action_config` as a shorthand for 
+We provide `additional_files` on the `cc_action_type_config` as a shorthand for 
 specifying `cc_additional_files_for_actions`
 
 Warning: Implying a feature that is not listed directly in the toolchain will throw
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ an error. This is to ensure you don't accidentally add a feature to the
 toolchain.
 
 ```
-cc_action_config(
+cc_action_type_config(
     name  = "c_compile",
     actions = ["@rules_cc//actions:all_c_compile"],
     tools = ["@sysroot//:clang"],
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ cc_toolchain(
     name = "toolchain",
     features = [":my_feature"]
     unconditional_args = [":all_warnings"],
-    action_configs = [":c_compile"],
+    action_type_configs = [":c_compile"],
     additional_files = [":all_action_files"],
 )
 ```
diff --git a/cc/toolchains/action_type_config.bzl b/cc/toolchains/action_type_config.bzl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbdc537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cc/toolchains/action_type_config.bzl
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+# Copyright 2024 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Implementation of cc_action_type_config."""
+
+load("//cc/toolchains/impl:args_utils.bzl", "get_action_type")
+load(
+    "//cc/toolchains/impl:collect.bzl",
+    "collect_action_types",
+    "collect_args_lists",
+    "collect_features",
+    "collect_files",
+    "collect_tools",
+)
+load(
+    ":cc_toolchain_info.bzl",
+    "ActionTypeConfigInfo",
+    "ActionTypeConfigSetInfo",
+    "ActionTypeSetInfo",
+    "ArgsListInfo",
+    "FeatureSetInfo",
+)
+
+def _cc_action_type_config_impl(ctx):
+    if not ctx.attr.action_types:
+        fail("At least one action type is required for cc_action_type_config")
+    if not ctx.attr.tools:
+        fail("At least one tool is required for cc_action_type_config")
+
+    tools = tuple(collect_tools(ctx, ctx.attr.tools))
+    implies = collect_features(ctx.attr.implies)
+    args_list = collect_args_lists(ctx.attr.args, ctx.label)
+    files = collect_files(ctx.attr.additional_files)
+
+    configs = {}
+    for action_type in collect_action_types(ctx.attr.action_types).to_list():
+        for_action = get_action_type(args_list, action_type)
+        configs[action_type] = ActionTypeConfigInfo(
+            label = ctx.label,
+            action_type = action_type,
+            tools = tools,
+            args = for_action.args,
+            implies = implies,
+            files = ctx.runfiles(
+                transitive_files = depset(transitive = [files, for_action.files]),
+            ).merge_all([tool.runfiles for tool in tools]),
+        )
+
+    return [ActionTypeConfigSetInfo(label = ctx.label, configs = configs)]
+
+cc_action_type_config = rule(
+    implementation = _cc_action_type_config_impl,
+    # @unsorted-dict-items
+    attrs = {
+        "action_types": attr.label_list(
+            providers = [ActionTypeSetInfo],
+            mandatory = True,
+            doc = """A list of action names to apply this action to.
+
+See @toolchain//actions:all for valid options.
+""",
+        ),
+        "tools": attr.label_list(
+            mandatory = True,
+            cfg = "exec",
+            allow_files = True,
+            doc = """The tool to use for the specified actions.
+
+A tool can be a `cc_tool`, or a binary.
+
+If multiple tools are specified, the first tool that has `with_features` that
+satisfy the currently enabled feature set is used.
+""",
+        ),
+        "args": attr.label_list(
+            providers = [ArgsListInfo],
+            doc = """Labels that point to `cc_arg`s / `cc_arg_list`s that are
+unconditionally bound to the specified actions.
+""",
+        ),
+        "implies": attr.label_list(
+            providers = [FeatureSetInfo],
+            doc = "Features that should be enabled when this action is used.",
+        ),
+        "additional_files": attr.label_list(
+            allow_files = True,
+            doc = """Files required for this action type.
+
+For example, the c-compile action type might add the C standard library header
+files from the sysroot.
+""",
+        ),
+    },
+    provides = [ActionTypeConfigSetInfo],
+    doc = """Declares the configuration and selection of `cc_tool` rules.
+
+Action configs are bound to a toolchain through `action_configs`, and are the
+driving mechanism for controlling toolchain tool invocation/behavior.
+
+Action configs define three key things:
+
+* Which tools to invoke for a given type of action.
+* Tool features and compatibility.
+* `cc_args`s that are unconditionally bound to a tool invocation.
+
+Examples:
+
+    cc_action_config(
+        name = "ar",
+        action_types = ["@toolchain//actions:all_ar_actions"],
+        implies = [
+            "@toolchain//features/legacy:archiver_flags",
+            "@toolchain//features/legacy:linker_param_file",
+        ],
+        tools = [":ar_tool"],
+    )
+
+    cc_action_config(
+        name = "clang",
+        action_types = [
+            "@toolchain//actions:all_asm_actions",
+            "@toolchain//actions:all_c_compiler_actions",
+        ],
+        tools = [":clang_tool"],
+    )
+""",
+)
diff --git a/cc/toolchains/actions.bzl b/cc/toolchains/actions.bzl
index 7799a6e..31867dd 100644
--- a/cc/toolchains/actions.bzl
+++ b/cc/toolchains/actions.bzl
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ cc_action_type(
 )
 
 def _cc_action_type_set_impl(ctx):
+    if not ctx.attr.actions:
+        fail("Each cc_action_type_set must contain at least one action type.")
     return [ActionTypeSetInfo(
         label = ctx.label,
         actions = collect_action_types(ctx.attr.actions),
diff --git a/cc/toolchains/cc_toolchain_info.bzl b/cc/toolchains/cc_toolchain_info.bzl
index c105364..ed2bdb6 100644
--- a/cc/toolchains/cc_toolchain_info.bzl
+++ b/cc/toolchains/cc_toolchain_info.bzl
@@ -133,13 +133,12 @@ ToolInfo = provider(
     },
 )
 
-ActionConfigInfo = provider(
+ActionTypeConfigInfo = provider(
     doc = "Configuration of a Bazel action.",
     # @unsorted-dict-items
     fields = {
         "label": "(Label) The label defining this provider. Place in error messages to simplify debugging",
-        "action": "(ActionTypeInfo) The name of the action",
-        "enabled": "(bool) If True, this action is enabled unless a rule type explicitly marks it as unsupported",
+        "action_type": "(ActionTypeInfo) The type of the action",
         "tools": "(Sequence[ToolInfo]) The tool applied to the action will be the first tool in the sequence with a feature set that matches the feature configuration",
         "args": "(Sequence[ArgsInfo]) Set of flag sets the action sets",
         "implies": "(depset[FeatureInfo]) Set of features implied by this action config",
@@ -147,11 +146,11 @@ ActionConfigInfo = provider(
     },
 )
 
-ActionConfigSetInfo = provider(
+ActionTypeConfigSetInfo = provider(
     doc = "A set of action configs",
     # @unsorted-dict-items
     fields = {
         "label": "(Label) The label defining this provider. Place in error messages to simplify debugging",
-        "action_configs": "(depset[ActionConfigInfo]) A set of action configs",
+        "configs": "(dict[ActionTypeInfo, ActionTypeConfigInfo]) A set of action configs",
     },
 )
diff --git a/cc/toolchains/impl/args_utils.bzl b/cc/toolchains/impl/args_utils.bzl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ace6aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cc/toolchains/impl/args_utils.bzl
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Copyright 2024 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""."""
+
+def get_action_type(args_list, action_type):
+    """Returns the corresponding entry in ArgsListInfo.by_action.
+
+    Args:
+        args_list: (ArgsListInfo) The args list to look through
+        action_type: (ActionTypeInfo) The action type to look up.
+    Returns:
+        The information corresponding to this action type.
+
+    """
+    for args in args_list.by_action:
+        if args.action == action_type:
+            return args
+
+    return struct(action = action_type, args = tuple(), files = depset([]))
diff --git a/cc/toolchains/impl/collect.bzl b/cc/toolchains/impl/collect.bzl
index e1c508f..5865d27 100644
--- a/cc/toolchains/impl/collect.bzl
+++ b/cc/toolchains/impl/collect.bzl
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@
 
 load(
     "//cc/toolchains:cc_toolchain_info.bzl",
+    "ActionTypeConfigSetInfo",
     "ActionTypeSetInfo",
     "ArgsListInfo",
+    "FeatureSetInfo",
     "ToolInfo",
 )
 
@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ def _make_collector(provider, field):
     return collector
 
 collect_action_types = _make_collector(ActionTypeSetInfo, "actions")
+collect_features = _make_collector(FeatureSetInfo, "features")
 collect_files = _make_collector(DefaultInfo, "files")
 
 def collect_data(ctx, targets):
@@ -145,3 +148,22 @@ def collect_args_lists(targets, label):
             for k, v in by_action.items()
         ]),
     )
+
+def collect_action_type_config_sets(targets, label, fail = fail):
+    """Collects several `cc_action_type_config` labels together.
+
+    Args:
+        targets: (List[Target]) A list of targets providing ActionTypeConfigSetInfo
+        label: The label to apply to the resulting config.
+        fail: (function) The fail function. Should only be used in tests.
+    Returns:
+        A combined ActionTypeConfigSetInfo representing a variety of action
+        types.
+    """
+    configs = {}
+    for atcs in collect_provider(targets, ActionTypeConfigSetInfo):
+        for action_type, config in atcs.configs.items():
+            if action_type in configs:
+                fail("The action type %s is configured by both %s and %s. Each action type may only be configured once." % (action_type.label, config.label, configs[action_type].label))
+            configs[action_type] = config
+    return ActionTypeConfigSetInfo(label = label, configs = configs)
diff --git a/tests/rule_based_toolchain/action_type_config/BUILD b/tests/rule_based_toolchain/action_type_config/BUILD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2fe529
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rule_based_toolchain/action_type_config/BUILD
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+load("@rules_testing//lib:util.bzl", "util")
+load("//cc/toolchains:action_type_config.bzl", "cc_action_type_config")
+load("//tests/rule_based_toolchain:analysis_test_suite.bzl", "analysis_test_suite")
+load(":action_type_config_test.bzl", "TARGETS", "TESTS")
+
+util.helper_target(
+    cc_action_type_config,
+    name = "file_map",
+    action_types = ["//tests/rule_based_toolchain/actions:all_compile"],
+    additional_files = [
+        "//tests/rule_based_toolchain/testdata:multiple2",
+    ],
+    args = ["//tests/rule_based_toolchain/args_list"],
+    tools = [
+        "//tests/rule_based_toolchain/testdata:bin_wrapper.sh",
+        "//tests/rule_based_toolchain/tool:wrapped_tool",
+    ],
+)
+
+util.helper_target(
+    cc_action_type_config,
+    name = "c_compile_config",
+    action_types = ["//tests/rule_based_toolchain/actions:c_compile"],
+    tools = [
+        "//tests/rule_based_toolchain/testdata:bin_wrapper.sh",
+    ],
+)
+
+util.helper_target(
+    cc_action_type_config,
+    name = "cpp_compile_config",
+    action_types = ["//tests/rule_based_toolchain/actions:cpp_compile"],
+    tools = [
+        "//tests/rule_based_toolchain/testdata:bin_wrapper.sh",
+    ],
+)
+
+analysis_test_suite(
+    name = "test_suite",
+    targets = TARGETS,
+    tests = TESTS,
+)
diff --git a/tests/rule_based_toolchain/action_type_config/action_type_config_test.bzl b/tests/rule_based_toolchain/action_type_config/action_type_config_test.bzl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ee85e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rule_based_toolchain/action_type_config/action_type_config_test.bzl
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+# Copyright 2024 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Tests for the action_type_config rule."""
+
+load(
+    "//cc/toolchains:cc_toolchain_info.bzl",
+    "ActionTypeConfigSetInfo",
+    "ActionTypeInfo",
+)
+load("//cc/toolchains/impl:collect.bzl", _collect_action_type_configs = "collect_action_type_config_sets")
+load("//tests/rule_based_toolchain:subjects.bzl", "result_fn_wrapper", "subjects")
+
+visibility("private")
+
+_TOOL_FILES = [
+    "tests/rule_based_toolchain/testdata/bin",
+    "tests/rule_based_toolchain/testdata/bin_wrapper",
+    "tests/rule_based_toolchain/testdata/bin_wrapper.sh",
+]
+_ADDITIONAL_FILES = [
+    "tests/rule_based_toolchain/testdata/multiple2",
+]
+_C_COMPILE_FILES = [
+    "tests/rule_based_toolchain/testdata/file1",
+    "tests/rule_based_toolchain/testdata/multiple1",
+]
+_CPP_COMPILE_FILES = [
+    "tests/rule_based_toolchain/testdata/file2",
+    "tests/rule_based_toolchain/testdata/multiple1",
+]
+
+collect_action_type_configs = result_fn_wrapper(_collect_action_type_configs)
+
+def _files_taken_test(env, targets):
+    configs = env.expect.that_target(targets.file_map).provider(ActionTypeConfigSetInfo).configs()
+    c_compile = configs.get(targets.c_compile[ActionTypeInfo])
+    c_compile.files().contains_exactly(
+        _C_COMPILE_FILES + _TOOL_FILES + _ADDITIONAL_FILES,
+    )
+    c_compile.args().contains_exactly([
+        targets.c_compile_args.label,
+        targets.all_compile_args.label,
+    ])
+
+    cpp_compile = configs.get(targets.cpp_compile[ActionTypeInfo])
+    cpp_compile.files().contains_exactly(
+        _CPP_COMPILE_FILES + _TOOL_FILES + _ADDITIONAL_FILES,
+    )
+    cpp_compile.args().contains_exactly([
+        targets.cpp_compile_args.label,
+        targets.all_compile_args.label,
+    ])
+
+def _merge_distinct_configs_succeeds_test(env, targets):
+    configs = env.expect.that_value(
+        collect_action_type_configs(
+            targets = [targets.c_compile_config, targets.cpp_compile_config],
+            label = env.ctx.label,
+        ),
+        factory = subjects.result(subjects.ActionTypeConfigSetInfo),
+    ).ok().configs()
+    configs.get(targets.c_compile[ActionTypeInfo]).label().equals(
+        targets.c_compile_config.label,
+    )
+    configs.get(targets.cpp_compile[ActionTypeInfo]).label().equals(
+        targets.cpp_compile_config.label,
+    )
+
+def _merge_overlapping_configs_fails_test(env, targets):
+    err = env.expect.that_value(
+        collect_action_type_configs(
+            targets = [targets.file_map, targets.c_compile_config],
+            label = env.ctx.label,
+        ),
+        factory = subjects.result(subjects.ActionTypeConfigSetInfo),
+    ).err()
+    err.contains("//tests/rule_based_toolchain/actions:c_compile is configured by both")
+    err.contains("//tests/rule_based_toolchain/action_type_config:c_compile_config")
+    err.contains("//tests/rule_based_toolchain/action_type_config:file_map")
+
+TARGETS = [
+    ":file_map",
+    ":c_compile_config",
+    ":cpp_compile_config",
+    "//tests/rule_based_toolchain/actions:c_compile",
+    "//tests/rule_based_toolchain/actions:cpp_compile",
+    "//tests/rule_based_toolchain/args_list:c_compile_args",
+    "//tests/rule_based_toolchain/args_list:cpp_compile_args",
+    "//tests/rule_based_toolchain/args_list:all_compile_args",
+    "//tests/rule_based_toolchain/args_list:args_list",
+]
+
+TESTS = {
+    "files_taken_test": _files_taken_test,
+    "merge_distinct_configs_succeeds_test": _merge_distinct_configs_succeeds_test,
+    "merge_overlapping_configs_fails_test": _merge_overlapping_configs_fails_test,
+}
diff --git a/tests/rule_based_toolchain/args_list/BUILD b/tests/rule_based_toolchain/args_list/BUILD
index 4120d28..fe62d06 100644
--- a/tests/rule_based_toolchain/args_list/BUILD
+++ b/tests/rule_based_toolchain/args_list/BUILD
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ util.helper_target(
     actions = ["//tests/rule_based_toolchain/actions:c_compile"],
     additional_files = ["//tests/rule_based_toolchain/testdata:file1"],
     args = ["c"],
+    visibility = ["//tests/rule_based_toolchain:__subpackages__"],
 )
 
 util.helper_target(
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ util.helper_target(
     actions = ["//tests/rule_based_toolchain/actions:cpp_compile"],
     additional_files = ["//tests/rule_based_toolchain/testdata:file2"],
     args = ["cpp"],
+    visibility = ["//tests/rule_based_toolchain:__subpackages__"],
 )
 
 util.helper_target(
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ util.helper_target(
     actions = ["//tests/rule_based_toolchain/actions:all_compile"],
     additional_files = ["//tests/rule_based_toolchain/testdata:multiple1"],
     args = ["all"],
+    visibility = ["//tests/rule_based_toolchain:__subpackages__"],
 )
 
 util.helper_target(
@@ -36,6 +39,7 @@ util.helper_target(
         ":cpp_compile_args",
         ":all_compile_args",
     ],
+    visibility = ["//tests/rule_based_toolchain:__subpackages__"],
 )
 
 analysis_test_suite(
diff --git a/tests/rule_based_toolchain/subjects.bzl b/tests/rule_based_toolchain/subjects.bzl
index fbda2d9..5fcb8a1 100644
--- a/tests/rule_based_toolchain/subjects.bzl
+++ b/tests/rule_based_toolchain/subjects.bzl
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ load("@bazel_skylib//lib:structs.bzl", "structs")
 load("@rules_testing//lib:truth.bzl", _subjects = "subjects")
 load(
     "//cc/toolchains:cc_toolchain_info.bzl",
-    "ActionConfigInfo",
-    "ActionConfigSetInfo",
+    "ActionTypeConfigInfo",
+    "ActionTypeConfigSetInfo",
     "ActionTypeInfo",
     "ActionTypeSetInfo",
     "AddArgsInfo",
@@ -163,38 +163,25 @@ _ToolFactory = generate_factory(
 )
 
 # buildifier: disable=name-conventions
-_ActionConfigFactory = generate_factory(
-    ActionConfigInfo,
-    "ActionConfigInfo",
+_ActionTypeConfigFactory = generate_factory(
+    ActionTypeConfigInfo,
+    "ActionTypeConfigInfo",
     dict(
-        action = _ActionTypeFactory,
-        enabled = _subjects.bool,
+        action_type = _ActionTypeFactory,
         tools = ProviderSequence(_ToolFactory),
         args = ProviderSequence(_ArgsFactory),
         implies = ProviderDepset(_FeatureFactory),
-        files = _subjects.depset_file,
+        files = runfiles_subject,
     ),
 )
 
-def _action_config_set_factory_impl(value, *, meta):
-    # We can't use the usual strategy of "inline the labels" since all labels
-    # are the same.
-    transformed = {}
-    for ac in value.action_configs.to_list():
-        key = ac.action.label
-        if key in transformed:
-            meta.add_failure("Action declared twice in action config", key)
-        transformed[key] = _ActionConfigFactory.factory(
-            value = ac,
-            meta = meta.derive(".get({})".format(key)),
-        )
-    return transformed
-
 # buildifier: disable=name-conventions
-_ActionConfigSetFactory = struct(
-    type = ActionConfigSetInfo,
-    name = "ActionConfigSetInfo",
-    factory = _action_config_set_factory_impl,
+_ActionTypeConfigSetFactory = generate_factory(
+    ActionTypeConfigSetInfo,
+    "ActionTypeConfigSetInfo",
+    dict(
+        configs = dict_key_subject(_ActionTypeConfigFactory.factory),
+    ),
 )
 
 FACTORIES = [
@@ -208,7 +195,7 @@ FACTORIES = [
     _FeatureConstraintFactory,
     _FeatureSetFactory,
     _ToolFactory,
-    _ActionConfigSetFactory,
+    _ActionTypeConfigSetFactory,
 ]
 
 result_fn_wrapper = _result_fn_wrapper
diff --git a/tests/rule_based_toolchain/tool/BUILD b/tests/rule_based_toolchain/tool/BUILD
index a6b01ea..de026f8 100644
--- a/tests/rule_based_toolchain/tool/BUILD
+++ b/tests/rule_based_toolchain/tool/BUILD
@@ -15,12 +15,7 @@ util.helper_target(
     cc_tool,
     name = "wrapped_tool",
     executable = "//tests/rule_based_toolchain/testdata:bin_wrapper",
-)
-
-util.helper_target(
-    cc_tool,
-    name = "data_with_runfiles",
-    executable = "//tests/rule_based_toolchain/testdata:file1",
+    visibility = ["//tests/rule_based_toolchain:__subpackages__"],
 )
 
 analysis_test_suite(